Eastern or Konda Mansi is an extinct member of the

Mansi languages The Mansi languages are spoken by the Mansi people in Siberia, Russia along the Ob River and its tributaries, in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Sverdlovsk Oblast. Traditionally considered a single language, they constitute a branch o ...

, and was spoken in

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

in the

Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, also known as Khanty-Mansia (Khantia-Mansia), is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census. Its administrative center is lo ...

around the river Konda. It became extinct in 2018, when its last speaker Maksim Shivtorov (Максим Семенович Шивторов) died. It has

Khanty The Khanty (), also known in older literature as Ostyaks (), are a Ugric Indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as " Yugra" in Russia, together with the Mansi. In the autonomous okrug, the K ...

and

Siberian Tatar Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states sin ...

influence. There is

vowel harmony In phonology, vowel harmony is a phonological rule in which the vowels of a given domain – typically a phonological word – must share certain distinctive features (thus "in harmony"). Vowel harmony is typically long distance, meaning tha ...

, and for it has , frequently diphthongized. In Russian linguistics, the Konda dialect used to be called the "southern Mansi (Kondinsky) dialect" (Кузакова Е.А. Южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект.: автореф. на соискат уч. степ. канд. филол. н. Л., 1963. (in Russian)) or "eastern Mansi dialect group" ().

Dialects

*Lower Konda Mansi *Middle Konda Mansi *Upper Konda Mansi *Jukonda Mansi

Phonology

Consonants

Some remarks: # Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear at the beginning of words. # In Middle Konda it does not appear in the beginning of words, but in Lower Konda it does. # /ŋ/ is also spelled with just н if it comes before к or х. This rule does not include suffixes; like in мынгым /mənɣəm/

Vowels

''(KM=Present in Middle Konda , KU=Present in Lower Konda , K=Present in both)'' Some remarks: # Only present in palatal environments. # It has the allophone /iː/. # Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear in non-initial syllable positions. # Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do /aː/ appear in first syllable positions.

Diphthongs

In Middle Konda, the diphthongs are /øæ/ or /øæ̯/ and /oɒ/ found in both first and non-initial syllable positions. In Lower Konda, the /æø/ diphthong is usually realized as �which is only found in first syllable positions, while /øæ/ is found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.

Alphabet

In the few instances that Eastern Mansi literature was printed and was from the native areas, it used an unchanged Russian-Cyrillic script like this: The highlighted letters are found in

loanword A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term t ...

s, except нг which represents a single

nasal consonant In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The vast majo ...

Кузакова, Евдокия Александровна
Мансийско-русский словарь. Кондинский диалект мансийского языка
uzakova, Evdokiya Aleksandrovna, Mansi-Russian dictionary (Kondinsky dialect of the Mansi language) Based on the story by P. K. Cheymetov “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) page 36 and г is substituted with the letter й in some dialects. The Yukonda dialect had a specialized alphabet, found in E. A. Kuzakova's book:

Notes

References

Sources

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