Dương Tam Kha (

楊 Yang (; ) is the Transcription (linguistics), transcription of a Chinese family name. It is the list of common Chinese surnames#People's Republic, sixth most common surname in Mainland China. It is the 16th surname on the ''Hundred Family Surnames ...

三 Chinese numerals are words and characters used to denote numbers in written Chinese. Today, speakers of Chinese languages use three written numeral systems: the system of Arabic numerals used worldwide, and two indigenous systems. The more famil ...

哥), formally King Bình of Dương (

平

王 is a Chinese character encountered in East Asian languages. It was grouped with as Radical 96 in the ''Kangxi'' radicals. It may also refer to: * kings, in reference to non-Chinese states * the early Chinese sovereigns of the Xia, Shang, and ...

), later known as the Duke of Chương Dương (章陽公) (died 10 August 980), was king of the

Ngô dynasty The Ngô dynasty (; Chữ Nôm: 茹吳), officially Tĩnh Hải quân (chữ Hán: 靜海軍), was a semi-independent Vietnamese dynasty from 939 to 968. The dynasty was founded by Ngô Quyền, who led the Vietnamese forces in the Battle of B ...

from

944 Year 944 ( CMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Arab–Byzantine War: Byzantine forces are defeated by Sayf al-Dawla. He captures the city of Aleppo, and extends his c ...

950 Year 950 ( CML) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Arab–Byzantine War: A Hamdanid army (30,000 men) led by Sayf al-Dawla raids into Byzantine theme Anatolia. He defea ...

.''

Đại Việt sử lược The ''Đại Việt sử lược'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史略; lit. ''Abridged Chronicles of Đại Việt'') or ''Việt sử lược'' ( vi-hantu, 越史略; lit. ''Abridged Chronicles of Viet'') is an historical text that was compiled during th ...

'', vol. 1趙久安, 《遺民: 文革烙印了我的階級》, 新銳文創, 2012, 234 pages, Page 79-215, , 978986591531

/ref>华业, 世界历史读这本就够了, Beijing Book Co. Inc, 2012, , 978799901850

/ref>

Early years

Dương Tam Kha was one of

Dương Đình Nghệ Dương Đình Nghệ (Chữ Hán: 楊廷藝; pinyin: ''Yáng Tíngyì''; 874 – March 937; some sources record Dương Diên Nghệ, Chữ Hán: 楊延藝) was the jiedushi of Tĩnh Hải quân in around 931 AD. He was a skillful, talented gen ...

's sons, brother of

Ngô Quyền Ngô Quyền ( vi-hantu, 吳權) (April 17, 898 – February 14, 944), often referred to as Tiền Ngô Vương (前吳王; "First King of Ngô"), was a warlord who later became the founding king of the Ngô dynasty of Vietnam. He reigned fro ...

's wife, empress Dương. According to ''

'' (History annals of Dai Viet), his birth name was Dương Chủ Tướng (

主將), but according to '' History of Song'', his name was Dương Thiệu Hồng (

紹

洪 Hong is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname (''Hóng''). It was listed 184th among the Song-era ''Hundred Family Surnames''. Today it is not among the 100 most common surnames in mainland China but it was the 15th-most-common surname ...

). Some historians claimed that he was the third son of Dương Đình Nghệ, after Dương Nhất Kha and Dương Nhị Kha.

As a subordinate general

He was a subordinate general of

Khúc Hạo Khúc Hạo (860–917; ) was the Vietnamese self-declared jiedushi of northern Vietnam ( Tĩnh Hải quân) from 907 to 917 succeeding his father Khúc Thừa Dụ. During his reign, Khúc Hạo made several important social and administrativ ...

in the area of Aizhou (now Thanh Hóa Province). In

931 Year 931 ( CMXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place North Africa * The Ummayad Caliphate of Córdoba invades and conquers the city of Ceuta, which was ruled by the Berber dynasty Banu I ...

, Dương Đình Nghệ defeated

Southern Han Southern Han ( zh , t = 南漢 , p = Nán Hàn , j=Naam4 Hon3; 917–971), officially Han ( zh , t = 漢 , links=no), originally Yue ( zh , c = 越 , links=no), was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms that existed during the ...

ruler Li Tian, retook the capital of

Đại La Đại La (), means ''the Citadel of the Great Dike'', or La Thành (羅城, means ''the Citadel of the Dike'') was an ancient fortified city in present-day Hanoi during the third Chinese domination of the 7th and 8th centuries, and again in the 11 ...

(former name of Hanoi), proclaimed himself Jiedushi (equivalent to Military governor) of

Tĩnh Hải quân Tĩnh Hải quân or Jinghai Circuit ( Chinese: 靜海軍, pinyin: Jìnghǎi Jūn) (literally "Peaceful Sea Army"), also known as Annan or An Nam (), was an administrative division of the Tang dynasty of China administered by Chinese governors, ...

. Dương Tam Kha became a subordinate general of his father.http://www.didulich.net/gia-tri-lich-su/duong-binh-vuong--duong-tam-kha-vi-vua-thong-22921, retrieved 25 Apr 2023 Six years later, Kiều Công Tiễn, also a general of Dương Đình Nghệ, mutinied and killed his master in order to become governor of Jinghao. In 938, Ngô Quyền, son-in-law and also former general of Dương Đình Nghệ defeated the potency of Kiều Công Tiễn and also killed him. After that, Dương Tam Kha follow Ngô Quyền as his general.''

Zizhi Tongjian The ''Zizhi Tongjian'' (1084) is a chronicle published during the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127) that provides a record of Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynasties and spanning almost 1400 years. The main text is ...

'', vol. 281. As the Ngô Quyền march his forces to Đại La, Kiều Công Tiễn sent the envoys to Southern Han to petition for sending army to help himself. Emperor of Southern Han, Liu Yan, commissioned his son, Liu Hongcao to help Kiều Công Tiễn, he also led another army to supply his son. But Công Tiễn was executed before this army arrived. In the November 938, at the Battle of Bạch Đằng, the fleet was defeated by Ngô Quyền, Liu Hongcao was killed in battle. Dương Tam Kha participated in this battle.

Mutiny and accession

In 944, before his death, Ngô Quyền had Dương Tam Kha become regent for his son,

Ngô Xương Ngập Ngô Xương Ngập ( vi-hantu, 吳昌岌, died 954), formally King of Thiên Sách (天策王), was a co-ruler of the Ngô dynasty of Vietnam. He was the eldest son of Ngô Quyền, the dynastic founder. Ngô Quyền named Dương Tam Kha as re ...

. But after the demise of Ngô Quyền, he forced his nephew-in-law to abdicate and installed himself as king, calling himself Dương Bình Vương (King Ping of Yang). Ngô Xương Ngập fled to Trà Hương village (modern

Hải Dương Province Hải Dương was a former province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Its name derives from Sino-Vietnamese "ocean sun", though the modern province is in fact landlocked. Located in the Northern Key Economic Region, Hai Duong Provin ...

) and was hidden by a chieftain (Hào trưởng) of area named Phạm Lệnh Công. ''Hào trưởng'' is a title for a honored man who is leader of his kin and also of a large area around his base during early independent Vietnam. Thanks to his efforts, Ngô Xương Ngập was in safety. Afterward, Dương Tam Kha adopted Ngô Xương Văn, the second son of Ngô Quyền. During his reign, prospered economically and freely developed its own regional culture that continues to this day. He developed the coastal kingdom's agriculture, built seawalls, expanded crops in

Hà Tây Hà is a Vietnamese given name, male or female, meaning "river". Hà is a Vietnamese 'surname' (during French colonialism). The name is transliterated as He in Chinese and Ha in Korean. Ha is the anglicized variation of the surname Hà. It is ...

, dredged rivers and lakes, and encouraged sea transport and trade in Nam Định. In

, Dương Tam Kha forced Ngô Xương Văn to quell the rebellion of two villages Đường and Nguyễn in

Thái Bình Province Thái Bình was a former coastal eastern Provinces of Vietnam, province in the Red River Delta region of northern Vietnam. Its name is chữ Hán (太平) for "great peace." It is about 18 km from Nam Định, 70 km from Haiphong, and 110 km from ...

, but he turned his army to dethrone Dương Tam Kha. Although Dương Tam Kha dethroned his brother after the death of his father, Ngô Xương Văn spared, but degraded him to Duke of Chương Dương.

Ngô Sĩ Liên Ngô Sĩ Liên (吳士連) was a Vietnamese historian of the Lê dynasty. Biography Ngô Sĩ Liên was the main compiler of the '' Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'', a chronicle of the history of Vietnam and a historical record of an Annamese ...

(1993),

Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư The ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史記全書; ; ''Complete Annals of Đại Việt'') is the official national chronicle of the Đại Việt, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên under ...

, page 55, Peripheral Records - Volume 5, "Dương Tam Kha"

Later years

He spent his later years reclaiming new land called Giao Thủy (Nam Định) with his family and followers. Some historic evidence showed that he was the father of Empress

Dương Vân Nga Dương Thị Ngọc Vân (楊氏玉雲, 952 – 1000) courtesy name Vân Nga (雲娥) was the only empress dowager of the Đinh dynasty and afterwards empress of Lê Đại Hành, the first emperor of the Early Lê dynasty. When her husband Đ ...

who married

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (924–979; ), real name allegedly Đinh Hoàn ( 丁桓), was the founding emperor of the short-lived Đinh dynasty of Vietnam, after declaring its independence from the Chinese Southern Han dynasty. He was a significant figur ...

in 966. She would eventually become the last ruler of the Đinh family who would rule as dowager empress in her son's name, eventually giving rise to the Lê family through her marriage to

Lê Hoàn Lê Hoàn (10 August 941 – 18 March 1005), posthumously title Lê Đại Hành, was the third ruler of Đại Việt kingdom, ruling from 981 to 1005, and founder of the Early Lê dynasty. He first served as the generalissimo commanding ...

in 980.

Family

*Father **

(874–937) *Sister **

Dương Thị Ngọc Dương (楊, ) is a Vietnamese surname, an estimated 1% of the Vietnamese population shares the last name. In transcription it is a Chinese family name or given name of Yang. The name is also transliterated as Yang in Korean and Yeung or You ...

*Niece **

(952–1000)

References

{{Anarchy of the 12 Warlords Vietnamese kings Ngô dynasty 10th-century births 10th-century monarchs in Asia 980 deaths Vietnamese monarchs People from Thanh Hóa province