Dyspnoi is a suborder of
harvestmen
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an Order (biology), order of arachnids,
Common name, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs (see below). , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered w ...
, currently comprising 43 extant genera and 356 extant species, although more species are expected to be described in the future. The eight families are currently grouped into three superfamilies: the Acropsopilionoidea, Ischyropsalidioidea, and Troguloidea.
Distribution
The Dyspnoi are one of the most biogeographically conserved higher groups of harvestmen. With the exception of Acropsopilioidea, none occur in the Southern Hemisphere, and most families are restricted along temperate regions. The only exceptions are some
Ortholasmatinae (Nemastomatidae) inhabiting the tropics on high mountains in
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
(''
Ortholasma bolivari'') and northern
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...
(''
Dendrolasma angka'').
Systematics
*
Acropsopilionoidea
**
Acropsopilionidae (3 genera, 19 species)
**†
Halithersidae monotypic,
Burmese amber
Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. Th ...
, Myanmar,
Cenomanian
The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...
*
Ischyropsalidoidea
**Ischyropsalidoidea ''
Incertae sedis
or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''
***''
Crosbycus dasycnemus''
***''
Hesperonemastoma
''Hesperonemastoma'' is a genus of harvestmen in the family Taracidae
Taracidae is a family of harvestmen in the order Opiliones
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an Order (biology), order of arachnids,
Common name, colloquially know ...
'' (5 species)
**
Ischyropsalididae
Ischyropsalididae is a family of harvestmen
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an Order (biology), order of arachnids,
Common name, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs (see below). , over 6,6 ...
***
Ceratolasmatinae (2 genera, 8 species)
***
Ischyropsalidinae (1 genus, 23 species)
**
Sabaconidae
''Sabacon'' is a genus of the monotypic harvestman family Sabaconidae, with 59 species (as of 2023).
Description
Species of the genus ''Sabacon'' have usually thickened pedipalps with stiff, fine hairs, which is unique among harvestmen. Althoug ...
(1 genus, 57 species)
**
Taracidae
Taracidae is a family of harvestmen in the order Opiliones
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an Order (biology), order of arachnids,
Common name, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs (see bel ...
(2 genera, 17 species)
*
Troguloidea
Troguloidea is a superfamily of harvestman, harvestmen with 4 genera (2 extinct), found mostly in Europe, Asia, and North America (as of 2023).
Description
The superfamily Troguloidea was described by Carl Jakob Sundevall, Sundevall, with the ty ...
**
Dicranolasmatidae (1 genus, 16 species)
**
Nemastomatidae
***
Nemastomatinae (19 genera, 125+ species)
***
Ortholasmatinae (7 genera, 27 species)
**
Nipponopsalididae
Nipponopsalididae is a family of harvestmen with three described species in one genus, ''Nipponopsalis'', which is found in East Asia.
Name
The genus name ''Nipponopsalis'' is a combination of ''Nippon'', meaning Japan, where the genus was first ...
(1 genus, 3 species)
**
Trogulidae (5 genera, 65 species
lus 1 extinct
References
Further reading
* (eds.) (2007). ''Harvestmen – The Biology of Opiliones''. Harvard University Press, USA.
External links
*
*
Further internal navigation links
{{Opiliones
Harvestmen
Arthropod suborders