Dynów () (, , ) is a small town in

Rzeszów County __NOTOC__ Rzeszów County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed ...

Subcarpathian Voivodeship Subcarpathian Voivodeship is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship, or province, in the southeastern corner of Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów. Along with the Marshal, it is governed by the Subcarpathian Regional As ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

, with a population of 6,058 (02.06.2009).

History

Dynów was first mentioned in written sources in 1423. At that time, together with other villages, it belonged to the noble Kmita family from

Lesser Poland Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name ''Małopolska'' (; ), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a separate cult ...

. In 1409, after the death of

Voivode Voivode ( ), also spelled voivod, voievod or voevod and also known as vaivode ( ), voivoda, vojvoda, vaivada or wojewoda, is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in use since the Early Mid ...

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

, Piotr Kmita, the village was handed to his son, Piotr Lunak, who died in 1430. Dynów was granted town charter probably before 1429. In 1448, it became seat of a Roman Catholic parish, but remained a small town, located in the

Ruthenian Voivodeship The Ruthenian Voivodeship (; ; ) was a voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1434 until the First Partition of Poland in 1772, with its center in the city of Lwów (lat. Leopolis) (modern day Lviv). Together with a number of ot ...

(part of

Red Ruthenia Red Ruthenia, also called Red Rus or Red Russia, is a term used since the Middle Ages for the south-western principalities of Kievan Rus', namely the Principality of Peremyshl and the Duchy of Belz, Principality of Belz. It is closely related to ...

) of the

Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavs, West Slavic tribe of Polans (western), Polans who lived in what i ...

. In March 1657, Dynów was captured by Transilvanian army of George II Rakoczi, which burned the town, together with its churches and castle. In 1661, Dynów was plundered again, this time by mercenaries of Mikolaj Ossolinski, who fought his private war with owner of Dynow, Olbracht Grochowski. In 1667, the town was purchased by

Castellan A castellan, or constable, was the governor of a castle in medieval Europe. Its surrounding territory was referred to as the castellany. The word stems from . A castellan was almost always male, but could occasionally be female, as when, in 1 ...

Przemyśl Przemyśl () is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. Data for territorial unit 1862000. In 1999, it became part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Prz ...

, Marcin Konstanty Krasicki. Following the

first partition of Poland The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia an ...

(1772) Dynów was annexed by the

Habsburg Empire The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...

, and remained in Austrian Galicia until 1918. In the second half of the 19th century, a brewery and a small oil refinery were opened here. Most of Dynów's residents were artisans, including masons, carpenters and weavers. In 1904, a narrow gauge rail line to

Przeworsk Przeworsk (; ; ) is a town in south-eastern Poland with 15,675 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Since 1999 it has been in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, and is the capital of Przeworsk County. The ancient Przeworsk culture was named after the town ...

was completed. In 1785, the town had 2,203 inhabitants. Among them 67,5% were Polish, 26,8% Jewish and 5,4% Ukrainian. According to the 1921 census, the population of Dynów amounted to 2,727 – 51,3% Poles, 46,7% Jews and 2% Ukrainians. After

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, Dynów returned to newly restored Poland, and until 1939, belonged to

Lwów Voivodeship Lwów Voivodeship () was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939). Because of the Nazi invasion of Poland in accordance with the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, it became occupied by both the Wehrmacht and the Red Army in Septem ...

. In 1919, it lost its town charter. On September 13, 1939, the village was captured by German 5th Infantry Division (see

Invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak R ...

). During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, Dynów was an important center of the

Home Army The Home Army (, ; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) established in the ...

. During the German

in 1939,

Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the German Army (1935–1945), ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmac ...

soldiers on the first day of Jewish New Year ''(Rosh Hashanah)'' mass murdered 200 Jewish civilians from the town. 150 Jews were mass murdered by machine guns after being taken away from the town on trucks. 50 Jews were burned alive in their prayer house.Szymon Datner "55 dni Wehrmachtu w Polsce" page 392 In 1946, Dynów regained its town charter.

People from Dynów

* Jacob Adler (1874–1974), American Yiddish writer born in Dynów. *

Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Oleksandrovych Halan (, party nickname ''Comrade Yaga''; 27 July 1902 – 24 October 1949) was a Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Ukrainian writer, playwright, and publicist. A member of the Communist Party of Western Ukra ...

(1902–1949), Ukrainian playwright and publicist. * Tzvi Elimelech Spira of Dinov (1783-1841) "

Rebbe A Rebbe () or Admor () is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities of its dynasties.Heilman, Samuel"The Rebbe and the Resurgence of Orthodox Judaism."''Religion and Spirituality (Audio)''. UCTV, 20 Oct 2011. web. ...

", author of the ''Bnei Yissachar''

Gallery

File:Dynow kosciol 20.04.09 p.jpg, St. Lawrence Church File:Dynów, 006.jpg, Narrow-gauge railway station File:Dynow pomnik Jagielly 20.04.09 p.jpg, King

Władysław Jagiełło Władysław is a Polish given male name, cognate with Vladislav. The feminine form is Władysława, archaic forms are Włodzisław (male) and Włodzisława (female), and Wladislaw is a variation. These names may refer to: People Mononym * Włodzis ...

Monument File:Dynow bank.jpg, A bank building in Dynów File:Dynów, 001.jpg, Market square

References

;Notes

External links

Official town website
{{Authority control Cities and towns in Subcarpathian Voivodeship Rzeszów County Holocaust locations in Poland Historic Jewish communities in Poland