The
necropolis
A necropolis (: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek ''nekropolis'' ().
The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distan ...
of Draʻ Abu el-Naga () is located on the West Bank of the
Nile
The Nile (also known as the Nile River or River Nile) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is the longest river in Africa. It has historically been considered the List of river sy ...
at
Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (, , ''Thēbai''), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fo ...
, just by the entrance of the dry bay that leads up to
Deir el-Bahari
Deir el-Bahari or Dayr al-Bahri (, , ) is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt. This is a part of the Theban Necropolis.
History
Deir el-Bahari, located on the west ...
and north of the necropolis of
el-Assasif. The necropolis is located near the
Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Kings, also known as the Valley of the Gates of the Kings, is an area in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the Eighteenth Dynasty to the Twentieth Dynasty, rock-cut tombs were excavated for pharaohs and power ...
.
History
According to the German Institute of Archeology or DAI, "Dra' Abu el-Naga is one of the longest occupied necropolis of Ancient Egypt: it was used as a burial place almost continuously between the Middle Kingdom and the early Christian (Coptic) periods, i.e. a period of ca. 2500 years. The oldest graves documented so far date to the end of the 11th dynasty (ca. 2000 B.C.). During the
Seventeenth Dynasty and early 18th dynasty, kings and their families were interred here such as
Nubkheperre Intef,
Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef,
Sobekemsaf I
Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I was a pharaoh of Egypt during the 17th Dynasty in the Second Intermediate Period.
Attestations
Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I is known from several monuments, see Ryholt 1997:395 File 17:6.
Abydos
Sobekemsaf I's ...
(strongly suspected),
Ahhotep II and quite possibly both
Amenhotep I and
Ahmose-Nefertari in Tomb
Tomb ANB. The social spectrum of the private necropolis ranges from simple burials with few grave goods to the burials of higher-ranking individuals e.g. the High Priests of Amun of Karnak and other high officials. In the early Middle Kingdom, at the end of the Second Intermediate Period and at the beginning of the
New Kingdom
New or NEW may refer to:
Music
* New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz
* ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013
** "New" (Paul McCartney song), 2013
* ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, 1995
* "New" (Daya song), 2017
* "New" (No Doubt song), 1 ...
Dra' Abu el-Naga was the site of the residence cemetery, as Thebes/Waset had at this time become the imperial capital and seat of government. Dra' Abu el-Naga's significance as a holy burial ground, which increased with the presence of the royal tomb complexes, resulted primarily from its position directly opposite the Temple of Karnak: The Temple of Karnak is known to have been the main cult centre of Amun from the Middle Kingdom and then became one of Ancient Egypt's most important temples during the New Kingdom."
During the
Coptic eras, a monastery, Deir el-Bakhît, identified as the historical Theban Monastery of Saint Paulos, was built on the hilltop above the pharaonic cemetery.
Excavation
Deir el-Bakhit
The DAI in cooperation with Ludwig Maximilian University had been conducting work on the Deir el-Bakhit monastery from 2001 until at least 2004, under the direction of Prof. Dr. Günter Burkard and PD Dr. Daniel Polz.
Pharaonic-Era Tombs
According to the DAI, "Individual scenes from decorated graves, which are situated in the necropolis and date to the New Kingdom, were documented and published in 1845 during the course of the expedition led by Carl Richard Lepsius. The first significant and to some extent documented excavations were undertaken by Joseph Passalacqua between 1822 and 1825 and concentrated on a number of shaft graves. Particular interest in Dra' Abu el-Naga came as a result of the discovery of three royal coffins of the Second Intermediate Period, one of which belonged to
Nubkheperre Intef, which had been found by grave robbers in 1827 and then bought by the British Museum, London in 1835."
(The other two coffins were for pharaoh
Kamose
Kamose was the last king of the Thebes, Egypt, Theban Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt, Seventeenth Dynasty at the end of the Second Intermediate Period. Kamose is usually ascribed a reign of three years (his highest attested regnal year), although s ...
and his wife
Ahhotep II.)
"In the years 1860 to 1862 Auguste Mariette initiated the apparently successful search of the tomb of this king. Mariette however did not document the location of the tomb and only an extremely cursive short description exists today. At the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century a number of ventures were undertaken in Dra' Abu el-Naga, during the course of which individual graves and grave clusters were excavated and their decoration documented (e.g. Northampton/Spiegelberg/Newberry, 1898/99; H. Gauthier, 1906; Carter/Carnarvon, 1908; W.M.F. Petrie, 1909)."
Clarence Fisher of the University of Pennsylvania Museum led an excavation effort from 1921–1923.
This included work "in the tombs of New Kingdom officials and the mortuary complex of the 18th Dynasty king Amenhotep I and his wife Nefertari (1525–1504 B.C.)"
Lanny Bell continued work at this site in 1967 concentrating on "the epigraphic recording and conservation of the decorated rock-cut tombs of Dynasty 19 (1292–1190 B.C.)."
The work at the site provided significant artifacts for the Museum including statuary, pottery funerary furnishings and painted reliefs.
From 1991 to 2000, the DAI in cooperation with the University of California Los Angeles undertook an excavation of the area "as, up until
hen
Hen commonly refers to a female animal: a female chicken, other gallinaceous bird, any type of bird in general, or a lobster. It is also a slang term for a woman.
Hen, HEN or Hens may also refer to:
Places Norway
*Hen, Buskerud, a village in R ...
little was known about the architecture and composition of graves and funerary practices of the Second Intermediate Period and early New Kingdom (13th 18th dynasty, ca. 1790–1425 B.C.)."
They in particular wanted to focus on the royal tomb complexes of the 17th dynasty, because prior to their work, "the general knowledge of these tombs was based on individual objects, which were part of their funerary equipment, but which lacked any definite provenience (e.g. two gilded wooden coffins and a limestone pyramidion). Such objects were stolen from their tombs during the 19th century and then gradually found their way into the art trade and finally into various European collections. The burial complexes themselves and their exact location remained undocumented. Consequently one main objective was the localisation of these tombs, the recording of their architecture and the reconstruction of the original context of the objects, which formed part of their burial equipment."
Archeological work has been done in the area by the Spanish National Research Council in Madrid since January 2002.
"The mission started focusing in and around the rock-cut tomb-chapels of Djehuty and Hery (TT 11 and 12), two high officials who served under
Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut ( ; BC) was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, Egypt, ruling first as regent, then as queen regnant from until (Low Chronology) and the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose II. She was Egypt's second c ...
and Queen Mother Ahhotep respectively, ca. 1520–1460 BCE....in 2008 the Spanish mission discovered an 11th/early 12th Dynasty burial three feet (one meter) below the floor of the open courtyard of the tomb-chapel of Djehuty (TT 11), including a wooden coffin painted in red with a polychrome inscription along its four sides and the lid. The mummy of its owner, called Iqer, was resting on his left side, with three staves and two bows placed along his body."
20 funerary shafts, four mudbrick offering chapels, four more rock-cut tombs from the 11th/early 12th dynasty, and a 9x7 (3 meters x 2.2.meters) funerary garden have been unearthed since 2011.
This garden, lined with silt and lime mortar, "combined plants associated with food offerings, together with other plants that probably had an aesthetic and/or symbolic use, to be presented to the deceased as a wish for life/rebirth."
In 2023, an Egyptian mission discovered in Dra' Abu el-Naga' a burial chamber with the granite
sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (: sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word ''sarcophagus'' comes from the Greek language, Greek wikt:σάρξ, σάρξ ...
of vizier
Ankhu from the early
13th Dynasty.
Tombs and structures
Theban Necropolis
There are at least 415 cataloged tombs in the
Theban Necropolis
The Theban Necropolis () is a necropolis on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes, Egypt, Thebes (Luxor) in Upper Egypt. It was used for ritual burials for much of the Ancient Egypt, Pharaonic period, especially during the New Kingdom of Egyp ...
, of which Dra' Abu el-Naga' is a part. Of these, the following are in Dra' Abu el-Naga' specifically.
TT (Theban Tomb) 1 to 100
*
TT11 –
Djehuty,
overseer of the treasury under Queen
Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut ( ; BC) was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, Egypt, ruling first as regent, then as queen regnant from until (Low Chronology) and the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose II. She was Egypt's second c ...
[Baikie, James (1932). Egyptian Antiquities in the Nile Valley. Methuen.] (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT12 Hery, Overseer of the Granary of Queen Ahhotep
(
17th Dynasty) or
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT13 –
Shuroy, Chief of the Brazier-bearers of Amun
(
20th Dynasty)
*
TT14 Huy, Priest of Amenhotep, the Image of Amun
(
19th Dynasty)
*
TT15 Tetiky, son of Rahotep, mayor of
Thebes (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT16 Panehsy, Prophet of Amenhotep of the Forecourt
(
19th Dynasty)
*
TT17 Nebamun, Scribe and Physician of the King
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT18 Baki, Chief Weigher of the Gold of Amun
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT19 Amenmose, First Prophet of Amenhotep of the Forecourt
(
20th Dynasty)
*
TT20 Montukherkhopshef, mayor of
Busiris (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
TT (Theban Tomb) 101 to 200
*
TT140 Kefia, also called Neferronpet, goldworker and portrait sculptor (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT141 Bakenkhons, wab-priest at the fore of Amun (Ramesside Period)
*
TT142 Samut, overseer of works of Amun-Ra in
Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (), comprises a vast mix of temples, pylons, chapels, and other buildings near Luxor, Egypt. Construction at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I (reigned 1971–1926 BC) in the ...
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT143 Unknown.
*
TT144 Nu, overseer of estate labor (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT145 Nebamon, head of bowmen (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT146 Nebamon, overseer of the granary of Amun, counter of grain, ''iny'' of the God's Wife (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT147 possibly Heby. scribe who counts the cattle of Amun of Upper and Lower Egypt, Head Elder of the portal in
Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (), comprises a vast mix of temples, pylons, chapels, and other buildings near Luxor, Egypt. Construction at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I (reigned 1971–1926 BC) in the ...
*
TT148 Amenemopet, priest of Amun (Ramesside Period)
[Porter and Moss, Topographical Bibliography: The Theban Necropolis]
*
TT149 Amenmose, royal scribe of the table of the Lord of the Two Lands, overseer of hunters of Amun
(Ramesside Period)
*
TT150 Userhet,
overseer of cattle of Amun (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT151 Hety, scribe, counter of cattle of the God's Wife of Amun, steward of the God's Wife of Amun
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT152 Unknown. (originally built in the
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
but usurped during the Ramesside Period.)
*
TT153 Unknown.
*
TT154 Tati, cupbearer
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT155 Intef, great herald of the kind
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT156 Pennesuttawy, captain of troops, governor of the South Lands
(
19th Dynasty)
*
TT157 Nebwenenef, high priest of Amun
(
19th Dynasty)
*
TT158 Thonefer, third prophet of Amun
(
20th Dynasty)
*
TT159 Raia, fourth priest of Amun
(
20th Dynasty)
*
TT160 Besenmut, true king's acquaintance
(
26th Dynasty
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVI, alternatively 26th Dynasty or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty of ancient Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC (although other brief periods of rule by Egyptians followed). T ...
)
*
TT161 Nakht, bearer of floral offerings of Amun
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT162 Kenamon, mayor of
Thebes, overseer of the granary of Amun
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT163 Amenemhat, mayor of
Thebes, royal scribe
(
19th Dynasty)
*
TT164 Intef, scribe of recruits
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT165 Nehemaway, goldsmith
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT166 Ramose, overseer of works in
Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (), comprises a vast mix of temples, pylons, chapels, and other buildings near Luxor, Egypt. Construction at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I (reigned 1971–1926 BC) in the ...
, overseer of cattle
(late
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
and early
19th Dynasty)
*
TT167 Unknown.(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT168 Any, Divine Father clean of hands, chosen lector of the lord of the gods
(
19th Dynasty)
*
TT169 Senena, head goldsmith of Amun
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
TT (Theban Tomb) 201 to 300
*
TT231 Nebamun, scribe, counter of grain of Amun in the granary of divine offerings (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT232 Tharwas, scribe of the divine seal of the Amun treasury (Ramesside Period)
*
TT233 Saroy and Amenhotep, Royal Scribe of the offering table of the Lord of the Two Lands, Royal Scribe of the king's repast, Keeper of the royal documents in the presence (of the king), Leader of the Festival, Cattle Counter in the Estate of Amun, Royal Messenger to the hill country, Overseer of the hunters of Amun (Ramesside Period)
*
TT234 Roy, mayor (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT236 Hornakht, second prophet of Amun and overseer of the treasury of Amun (Ramesside Period)
*
TT237 Wennefer, chief lector-priest (Ramesside Period)
*
TT241 Ahmose, Scribe of divine writings, Child of the nursery, Head of the mysteries in the House of the morning (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT255 Roy, Royal Scribe, Steward of the estates of Horemheb and Amun (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT260 User, Scribe, Weigher of Amun, overseer of fields of Amun (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT261 Khaemwaset, wab-priest of Amenhotep I (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT262 Unknown. overseer of fields (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT282 Nakhtmin (Troop Commander) Head of the bowmen, Overseer of the South Lands (
19th Dynasty)
*
TT283 Roma, also called Roy, high priest of Amun (
19th Dynasty)
*
TT284 Pahemnetjer, scribe of offerings of all gods (Ramesside Period)
*
TT285 Iny, head of the magazines of
Mut
Mut (; also transliterated as Maut and Mout) was a mother goddess worshipped in ancient Egypt. Her name means ''mother'' in the ancient Egyptian language. Mut had many different aspects and attributes that changed and evolved greatly over th ...
(Ramesside Period)
*
TT286 Niay, scribe of the table (Ramesside Period)
*
TT287 Pendua, wab-priest of Amun (Ramesside Period)
*
TT288 Bakenkhons, scribe of divine book of Khons (Ramesside Period)
*
TT289 Setau, viceroy of Kush, overseer of the South Lands, chief bowman of Kush (
19th Dynasty)
*
TT293 Ramessesnakht
Ramessesnakht was High Priest of Amun during many years in the 20th Dynasty. He was appointed as the High Priest at Thebes under Ramesses IV. He served in office until the reign of Ramesses IX. It was during Ramessesnakht's tenure that the ...
, high priest of Amun (
20th Dynasty)
*
TT300 Anhotep, viceroy of Kush (
19th Dynasty)
TT (Theban Tomb) 301 to 400
*
TT301 Hori, scribe of the table of Pharaoh in the Amun domain (Ramesside Period)
*
TT302 Paraemheb, overseer of the magazine (Ramesside Period)
*
TT303 Paser, head of the magazine of Amun, Third Prophet of Amun (Ramesside Period)
*
TT304 Piay, scribe of the offering-table of Amun, scribe of the Lord of the Two Lands (Ramesside Period)
*
TT305 Paser, wab-priest in front of Amun (Ramesside Period)
*
TT306 Irdjanen, door-opener of the Amun domain (Ramesside Period)
*
TT307 Thonefer (Ramesside Period)
*
TT332 Penrenutet, chief watchman of the granary of the Amun domain (Ramesside Period)
*
TT333 and
TT334 both unknown. (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT344 Piay, overseer of the cattle
(Ramesside Period)
*
TT375,
TT376,
TT377,
TT378, and
TT379, all unknown
(Ramesside Period)
*
TT393 and
TT396 unknown (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT394 and
TT395 unknown (Ramesside Period)
TT (Theban Tomb) 401 to 415
*
TT401 Nebseni, overseer of goldsmiths of Amun
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
TT402 unknown
(
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
Tombs discovered then became lost
*
Tomb A.1 Amenemhet, ka-servant (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
Tomb A.2 "Tomb of the Dancers"
*
Tomb A.3 Ruru, chief of the Medjay (
New Kingdom
New or NEW may refer to:
Music
* New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz
* ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013
** "New" (Paul McCartney song), 2013
* ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, 1995
* "New" (Daya song), 2017
* "New" (No Doubt song), 1 ...
)
*
Tomb A.4 Si-User, scribe, mayor of the southern city, overseer of the granary (
19th Dynasty)
*
Tomb A.5 Neferhotep, overseer of granaries (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
Tomb A.6 Djehutinefer, overseer of marshlands of the Lord of the Two Lands (
19th Dynasty)
*
Tomb A.7 Amenhotep, scribe (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
Tomb A.8 Amenemhab, royal scribe, steward in the mansion of Amenhotep I on the west of
Thebes (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
or
19th Dynasty)
*
Tomb A.9 unknown (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
Tomb A.10 Djehutynefer, overseer of the treasury (
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
)
*
Tomb A.24 Simut, second priest of Amun
Kampp Tombs
These are tombs that have been discovered and excavated by
Friederike Kampp-Seyfried and have been given their designation after her.
*
Kampp 150, dating to around
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
* Kampp 157
Userhat dating to the
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
containing eight mummies, 10 wooden sarcophagi and over 1000
ushabti
The ushabti (also called shabti or shawabti, with a number of variant spellings) was a funerary figurine used in ancient Egyptian funerary practices. The Egyptological term is derived from , which replaced earlier , perhaps the nisba of " ...
.
*
Kampp 161, estimated to be from the
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
Other tombs
*
Tomb ANB Possible tomb of king
Amenhotep I (second king of the
18th Dynasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
) and his mother
Ahmose-Nefertari.
* The lost tomb of
Intef the Elder, a founding figure of the
11th Dynasty
The Eleventh Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XI; ) is a well-attested group of rulers. Its earlier members before Pharaoh Mentuhotep II are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period, whereas the lat ...
.
* The lost
Tomb of Nebamun
The lost Tomb of Nebamun was an ancient Egyptian tomb from the Eighteenth Dynasty located in the Theban Necropolis located on the west bank of the Nile at Thebes (present-day Luxor) in Egypt. The tomb was the source of a number of famous decorate ...
; scientific analysis in 2008–09 indicated the tomb's location somewhere in the vicinity of Dra' Abu el-Naga'
* tomb of vizier
Ankhu from the early
13th Dynasty
*
Neferhotep, findspot of the
Papyrus Boulaq 18
* It is possible that the complexes K93.11 and K93.12 could be attributed to king
Amenhotep I and his mother
Ahmose-Nefertari.
* The remains of the pyramid of king
Nubkheperre Intef (one of the last kings of the
17th Dynasty) were discovered and excavated in 2001. Evidence shows that it had originally been penetrated by tomb robbers in 1827.
* tomb of a high court official of
Nubkheperre Intef's named Teti
* lost pyramid tomb of king
Sobekemsaf I
Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I was a pharaoh of Egypt during the 17th Dynasty in the Second Intermediate Period.
Attestations
Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I is known from several monuments, see Ryholt 1997:395 File 17:6.
Abydos
Sobekemsaf I's ...
; a heart-scarab and a wooden canopic chest bearing the name are believed to originate from this lost tomb.
* lost pyramid tomb of king
Sobekemsaf II
Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II was an Egyptian king who reigned during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was fragmented and ruled by multiple kings.
Biography
His throne name, Sekhemre Shedtawy, means "Powerful is Re; Rescuer of the T ...
; According to the
Abbott Papyrus
The Abbott Papyrus serves as an important political document concerning the tomb robberies of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt during the New Kingdom. It also gives insight into the scandal between the two rivals Pawero and Paser of Thebes.
The A ...
and the
Leopold-Amherst Papyrus, which is dated to Year 16 of
Ramesses IX
Neferkare Setepenre Ramesses IX (also written Ramses) (originally named Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset) (ruled 1129–1111 BC) was the eighth pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt. He was the third longest serving king of this Dynasty after ...
, this king's royal pyramid tomb was violated and destroyed by tomb robbers.
[ Cottrell, Leonard: ''The Lost Pharaohs'', Pan Books, London and Sydney, 8th printing: (1977), p. 135.]
* lost pyramid tomb of king
Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef; his pyramidion has been discovered and is now in the British Museum (BM EA 478).
[Lehner, Mark. ''The Complete Pyramids''. Thames & Hudson. ]997
Year 997 ( CMXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Japan
* 1 February: Empress Teishi gives birth to Princess Shushi - she is the first child of the emperor, but because of the power stru ...
(2008) (reprint). .
* lost pyramid tomb of king
Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef; his coffin, which is now in the
Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world. It is located on the Rive Droite, Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement of Paris, 1st arron ...
in France, is believed to originate from this lost tomb.
[Kim Ryholt, ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period'', Museum Tusculanum Press, (1997), p. 267]
* lost pyramid tomb of king
Senakhtenre Ahmose
Senakhtenre Ahmose, also known as Ahmose the Elder, was a king of the Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–10 ...
* lost pyramid tomb of king
Seqenenre Tao
Seqenenre Tao (also Seqenera Djehuty-aa or Sekenenra Taa, called 'the Brave') was a pharaoh who ruled over the last of the local kingdoms of the Theban region of Egypt in the Seventeenth Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Famil ...
* lost pyramid tomb of king
Kamose
Kamose was the last king of the Thebes, Egypt, Theban Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt, Seventeenth Dynasty at the end of the Second Intermediate Period. Kamose is usually ascribed a reign of three years (his highest attested regnal year), although s ...
* tomb of queen
Ahhotep II found in 1859 here (17th and 18th Dynasty)
References
Bibliography
* Marilina Betrò, Del Vesco Paolo,
Gianluca Miniaci: ''Seven seasons at Dra Abu El-Naga. The tomb of Huy (TT 14): preliminary results'', Progetti 3, Pisa 2009
*
{{Coord, 25, 44, 07, N, 32, 37, 14, E, display=title, region:EG_type:landmark_source:dewiki
Theban tombs