Dondușeni District () is a district (''

raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...

'') in the north of

Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...

. Its administrative center is the city of Dondușeni. As of 2011, its population was 45,100.

History

The earliest attestations of historical towns were in 1437, when the district was certified Teleșeuca village. Other localities, Arionești, Corbu, Crișcăuți, Horodiște and Tîrnova were documented between 1463–1470. In the following centuries, district towns were developed both socially and culturally. In 1812, the Treaty of Bucharest,

Bessarabia Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coa ...

was occupied by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

as a district for more than 100 years (1812–1918) until the Russian administration fell. In the spring of 1888, the construction of

Bălți Bălți () is a city in Moldova. It is the second-largest city in terms of population, area and economic importance, after Chișinău. The city holds the status of municipiu. Sometimes called "the northern capital", it is a major industrial, cu ...

– Ocnița railway started, and ended in 1893. The railway history is closely linked to the city of Dondușeni, during the years 1902–1905; the building near the railway station, built in 1892, held the construction of a

pumping station Pumping stations, also called pumphouses, are public utility buildings containing pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another. They are critical in a variety of infrastructure systems, such as water supply, Land reclamation, ...

and a water tower, two warehouses for grain and a ramp load, two kilometers of road and three houses. 1918 registered a new page in the history of Bessarabia. On 27 March, Sfatul Țării of Bessarabia voted for the

Union of Bessarabia with Romania The union of Bessarabia with Romania was proclaimed on by Sfatul Țării, the legislative body of the Moldavian Democratic Republic. This state had the same borders of the region of Bessarabia, which was annexed by the Russian Empire following t ...

. Following the pact between Hitler and Stalin on 26 June 1940, the fate of Bessarabia was determined by military force. 22 June 1941 marked the start of 1418 days and nights of fierce and bloody fights between the Germans and the Soviets. During this period, more than half the male population was mobilized to Donduşeni station and sent into the searing flames of war. From 1946–1947, the district endured hunger caused by the communists. In 2004, the district population was 47,400.

Geography

Donduşeni district is located in the north-eastern part of Moldova, with neighboring districts-

Ocnița District Ocnița () is a district () in the north of Moldova, with the administrative center at Ocnița. The other major cities are Otaci and Frunză, Ocnița, Frunză. As of 1 January 2011, its population was 56,100. History The first evidence of a loc ...

in the north, Edineţ District in the west, Rîșcani District in the south, Drochia and

Soroca Soroca is a city and municipality in northern Moldova, situated on the Dniester River about north of Chișinău. It is the administrative center of the Soroca District. History It is known for its well-preserved stronghold, established by t ...

in the southeast. Also, it has a border with

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

in the northeast.

Chernozem Chernozem ( ),; also called black soil, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus (4% to 16%) and high percentages of phosphorus and ammonia compounds. Chernozem is very fertile soil and can ...

s occupy 80% of the district. Maximum altitude in the district is located near the village Pocrovca, reaching heights of 247 m.

Climate

Donduşeni district has a temperate

continental climate Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters). They tend to occur in central and eastern parts of the three northern-tier continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), typi ...

with an annual average temperature of in July mean temperature is , while in January, . Yearly precipitation is 450–600 mm. Wind speed is an average speed of 2–5 m/s.

Fauna

The fauna of the district is typical European, with a greater presence of foxes,

hedgehog A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. The ...

badger Badgers are medium-sized short-legged omnivores in the superfamily Musteloidea. Badgers are a polyphyletic rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by their squat bodies and adaptions for fossorial activity rather than by the ...

wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a Suidae, suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The speci ...

ferret The ferret (''Mustela furo'') is a small, domesticated species belonging to the family Mustelidae. The ferret is most likely a domesticated form of the wild European polecat (''Mustela putorius''), as evidenced by the ferret's ability to inter ...

rarely

deer A deer (: deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family). Cervidae is divided into subfamilies Cervinae (which includes, among others, muntjac, elk (wapiti), red deer, and fallow deer) ...

raccoon dog ''Nyctereutes'' (Greek: ''nyx, nykt-'' "night" + ''ereutēs'' "wanderer") is a genus of canid which includes only two extant species, both known as raccoon dogs: the common raccoon dog (''Nyctereutes procyonoides'') and the Japanese raccoon do ...

and

spotted deer The chital or cheetal (''Axis axis''; ), also called spotted deer, chital deer and axis deer, is a deer species native to the Indian subcontinent. It was first described by Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben in 1777. A moderate-sized deer, mal ...

. Of birds:

stork Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes . Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons and ibise ...

crows The Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station (CROWS) is a series of remote weapon stations used by the US military on its armored vehicles and ships. It allows weapon operators to engage targets without leaving the protection of their vehicle. ...

, tits, cop,

starling Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine (perching) birds known for the often dark, glossy iridescent sheen of their plumage; their complex vocalizations including mimicking; and their distinctive, often elaborate swarming behavior, know ...

swallow The swallows, martins, and saw-wings, or Hirundinidae are a family of passerine songbirds found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in Antarctica. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. The ...

s and others.

Flora

Forests occupy 7.7% of the district territory and are made up of common oak,

hornbeam Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus ''Carpinus'' in the family Betulaceae. Its species occur across much of the temperateness, temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names The common English name ''hornbeam'' derives ...

, linden,

maple ''Acer'' is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the soapberry family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated si ...

, of plant:

fescue ''Festuca'' (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae). They are evergreen or herbaceous perennial tufted grasses with a height range of and a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every ...

clover Clovers, also called trefoils, are plants of the genus ''Trifolium'' (), consisting of about 300 species of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae originating in Europe. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution with the highest diversit ...

burdock ''Arctium'' is a genus of biennial plants commonly known as burdock, family Asteraceae. Native to Europe and Asia, several species have been widely introduced worldwide. Burdock's clinging properties, in addition to providing an excellent mecha ...

, wormwood, and many others.

Ţaul Park

The largest park in Moldova is located in the middle of the village of Ţaul, about 200 km north of Chişinău and 5 km from Donduşeni. The compositional core and the focus of contemplation is the whole mansion, open park boundaries not only vision but also the village due to the dominant position in the village. To the left of the palace, the exotic trees shade the lawn and flower gardens with a picturesque glade were built box-resorts, hosting house guests, kitchen and group destination auxiliary buildings. The assembly of Taul village bore little change over time and remains a classical monument characteristic of early 20th-century residences. The compositions of landscapes and found the most appropriate ideas materialize planning landscape gardens, developed in Europe at the end of the 19th century, and many species of garden is a precious treasure

arboretum An arboretum (: arboreta) is a botanical collection composed exclusively of trees and shrubs of a variety of species. Originally mostly created as a section in a larger garden or park for specimens of mostly non-local species, many modern arbor ...

Rivers

Located in the

Nistru The Dniester ( ) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Uk ...

river basin district bordering the river only a small portion near the village Arioneşti. The main river crossing the district is

Răut Răut, also referred to as Reut (, Ukrainian and (Reut), (Revet)) is a river in Moldova, a right tributary of Dniester. Răut, generally navigable until the 18th-19th century, is navigable today only by small recreational boats. The towns Bă ...

(286 km), which takes its origins from the confluence of two streams within 2 km east of the village Rediul Mare, at an altitude of 180 m, with tributaries Cubolta (103 km) and Cainari. Răut is the largest tributary of the Nistru. Most lakes are artificial origin.

Administrative subdivisions

There are a total of 30 localities: 1 city, and 21 communes (containing further 8 villages within):

Cities

Communes

Demographics

1 January 2012 the district population was 44,800 of which 23.9% urban and 76.1% rural population. *

Births Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the f ...

(2010): 424 (9.4 per 1000) *

Deaths Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose sho ...

(2010): 853 (18.8 per 1000) (highest in

) *Growth rate (2010): -429 (−9.5)

Ethnic groups

''Footnote'': * There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.

Religion

*Christian – 96.5% ** Orthodox Christian – 94.0% **

Old Believers Old Believers or Old Ritualists ( Russian: староверы, ''starovery'' or старообрядцы, ''staroobryadtsy'') is the common term for several religious groups, which maintain the old liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian ...

– 1.6% **

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

– 0.9% ***

Seventh-day Adventists The Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabba ...

– 0.3% ***

Pentecostals Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a movement within the broader Evangelical wing of Protestant Christianity that emphasizes direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit. The term ''Pentecostal'' is derived ...

– 0.3% ***

Evangelicals Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes evangelism, or the preaching and spreading of the Christian g ...

– 0.3% *Other – 2.5% *No Religion – 0.8% *

Atheists Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...

– 0.2% There is an ongoing controversy over whether Romanians and Moldovans are the same ethnic group, namely whether Moldovans' self-identification constitutes an ethnic group distinct and apart from Romanians or a subset. At the census, citizens could declare only one nationality. Consequently, one could not declare oneself both Moldovan and Romanian.

Economy

As of 2009, 18,311 businesses were registered in the district. Most of these were private (individual) farms. 532 km². of the district's area is agricultural land, including of arable land, and of orchards. Main crops are

cereals A cereal is a grass cultivated for its edible grain. Cereals are the world's largest crops, and are therefore staple foods. They include rice, wheat, rye, oats, barley, millet, and maize (Corn). Edible grains from other plant families, suc ...

cultivation in the district: wheat and

barley Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikele ...

, maize,

sugar beet A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and that is grown commercially for sugar production. In plant breeding, it is known as the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet (''Beta vulgaris''). Together with ...

sunflower The common sunflower (''Helianthus annuus'') is a species of large annual forb of the daisy family Asteraceae. The common sunflower is harvested for its edible oily seeds, which are often eaten as a snack food. They are also used in the pr ...

rapeseed Rapeseed (''Brassica napus'' subsp. ''napus''), also known as rape and oilseed rape and canola, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturall ...

and

soy The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean. Soy is a staple crop, the world's most grown legume, and an important animal feed. Soy is a key source of f ...

Education

As of 2009, there were 21 kindergartens in the district. There were 7

lyceum The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Basic science and some introduction to ...

s (grades 1–12), 3 secondary schools (grades 1–11), 15 gymnasiums (grades 1–9), 1 primary school (grades 1–4), one or more professional schools (grades 12–13), and one or more boarding schools for orphans.

Politics

Located in the so-called North Red, region where PCRM which usually has good results obtained from 2001 until now over 50% of the vote. But the last three elections the Communists are in constant decline. District is one of the founding members of Euroregion Dniester. During the last three elections AEI had an increase of 109.6%

Elections

, - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan="2" valign=center, Parties and coalitions !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=% !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=+/− , - , , align=left,

Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (, PCRM) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in a post-Soviet state. It has been variously described as Com ...

, align="right", 11,405 , align="right", 54.00 , align="right", −4.94 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova The Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova (, PLDM) is a conservative political party in Moldova. The party is led by Tudor Deliu. Until 2016, PLDM was led by Vlad Filat, who was Prime Minister of Moldova from 2009 to 2013, in two cabinets. Immedi ...

, align="right", 4,137 , align="right", 19.59 , align="right", +9.51 , - , , align=left,

Democratic Party of Moldova The European Social Democratic Party (, PSDE) is a centre-left, populist Social democracy, social democratic political party in Moldova. Established in 1997, the party holds pro-European views, and is an associate member of the Party of European ...

, align="right", 3,022 , align="right", 14,31 , align="right", +0.15 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...

, align="right", 900 , align="right", 4.26 , align="right", −1.31 , - , bgcolor=#0033cc, , align=left, European Action Movement , align="right", 268 , align="right", 1.27 , align="right", +1.27 , - , , align=left,

Party Alliance Our Moldova The Our Moldova Alliance (, , AMN) was a Social liberalism, social-liberal List of political parties in Moldova, political party in Moldova led by Serafim Urechean, former mayor of Chișinău. It merged into the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova ...

, align="right", 260 , align="right", 1.23 , align="right", −2.68 , - , , align=left, Christian Democratic People's Party , align="right", 258 , align="right", 1.22 , align="right", −2.50 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, Other Party , align="right", 877 , align="right", 4.12 , align="right", +0.50 , - , align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2", Total (turnout 65.34%) , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 21,288 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",

Culture

There are 23 public

libraries A library is a collection of Book, books, and possibly other Document, materials and Media (communication), media, that is accessible for use by its members and members of allied institutions. Libraries provide physical (hard copies) or electron ...

, 22 culture halls, and 1 museum in Donduşeni district. There are also 87 art groups. In recent years several houses were repaired by culture, or open more libraries, especially in

villages A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban village ...

. Village libraries are equipped with books in large numbers.

Health

There is a hospital with 135 beds, and an outpatient health center with 10 branches, and 10 physician offices. All villages of the district were reading a medical point of 5–6 physicians in the environment.

Personalities

* Alexander Gelman – Basarabian playwright, writer, and screenwriter. * Arcadie Gherasim – Journalist (

Vocea Basarabiei Vocea Basarabiei () is a Romanian language radio station in Moldova. History Vocea Basarabiei was launched on 18 June 2000 in Nisporeni. The Audiovisual Coordinating Council refused in 2002 and 2003 to register Vocea Basarabiei. On 15 Janu ...

) *

Boris Trakhtenbrot Boris (Boaz) Abramovich Trakhtenbrot (, ; 19 February 1921 – 19 September 2016) was a Russian-Israeli mathematician in logic, algorithms, theory of computation, and cybernetics. Biography Trakhtenbrot was born into a Jewish family in Brichevo, ...

– Israeli and Russian mathematician in

mathematical logic Mathematical logic is the study of Logic#Formal logic, formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory (also known as computability theory). Research in mathematical logic com ...

algorithms In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for per ...

theory of computation In theoretical computer science and mathematics, the theory of computation is the branch that deals with what problems can be solved on a model of computation, using an algorithm, how efficiently they can be solved or to what degree (e.g., app ...

and

cybernetics Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular causal processes such as feedback and recursion, where the effects of a system's actions (its outputs) return as inputs to that system, influencing subsequent action. It is concerned with ...

Constantin Stere Constantin G. Stere or Constantin Sterea (Romanian language, Romanian; , ''Konstantin Yegorovich Stere'' or Константин Георгиевич Стере, ''Konstantin Georgiyevich Stere''; also known under his pen name ''Șărcăleanu''; ...

– Politician, lawyer, scholar and writer * Gary Bertini – Israeli conductor * Ion Druta – Poet, Member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova * Mihai Grecu – Artist, one of the most appreciated in his time by critics and the public *

Mihail Șleahtițchi Mihail Șleahtițchi (born 17 March 1956) is a pedagogue, psychologist, university professor and politician from the Republic of Moldova. Former MP, Secretary and Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission for Culture, Education, Research, Youth, S ...

– Minister of Education of

, of 2010 *

Dorin Recean Dorin Recean (born 17 March 1974) is a Moldovan politician, economist, and academic serving as Prime Minister of Moldova since February 2023. Since 2022 he has also served as Presidential Advisor on Defense and National Security, and Secretary ...

– Prime minister of

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Donduseni District Districts of Moldova