Dolní Čermná () is a market town in

Ústí nad Orlicí District Ústí nad Orlicí District () is a Okres, district in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Ústí nad Orlicí, but the most populated town is Česká Třebová. Administrative division Ústí nad Orlicí District ...

in the

Pardubice Region Pardubice Region () is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia. It is named after its capital Pardubice. As an administrat ...

of the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.

Administrative division

Dolní Čermná consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Dolní Čermná (1,210) *Jakubovice (114)

Geography

Dolní Čermná is located about east of

Ústí nad Orlicí Ústí nad Orlicí (; ) is a town in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument zones, urban monument z ...

and east of

Pardubice Pardubice (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the Elbe River. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Repub ...

. It lies in the Orlické Foothills. The highest point is the hill Červený vrch at above sea level. The Čermná Stream flows through the market town. The market town is situated on the shore of the fishpond Čermenský rybník.

History

Dolní Čermná was probably founded during the colonization during the reign of King Ottokar II between 1253 and 1278. The first written mention of Dolní Čermná is in a deed of King

Wenceslaus II Wenceslaus II Přemyslid (; ; 27 SeptemberK. Charvátová, ''Václav II. Král český a polský'', Prague 2007, p. 18. 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1296–1305 ...

from 1304, when the village was part of the

Lanškroun Lanškroun (; ) is a town in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,800 inhabitants. It lies on the border of the historical lands of Bohemia and Moravia. The historic town centre is well preserved ...

estate donated to the newly established

Zbraslav Monastery The Cistercian Abbey of Zbraslav (, , ) located in Zbraslav near Prague (today part of Prague) was one of the most significant monastery, monasteries of the Cistercians, Cistercian Order in the Kingdom of Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic). Fou ...

. In 1358, the estate was acquired by the bishopric in Litomyšl. In 1432, the estate was bought by the Kostka of Postupice family. They founded the fishpond Čermenský rybník in the village. From 1507 to 1588, the estate was a property of the

Pernštejn family The House of Pernštejn () was one of the oldest and most important (uradel) families originating from Moravian nobility, along with the House of Rosenberg, that played an important role in the medieval history of Bohemian nobility from the 13th ...

, then they sold it to Adam Herzán of Harasov. His sons inherited the estate in 1622, but soon sold it to the Liechtenstein family, who owned it until the establishment of a sovereign municipality in 1848. In 1873, Dolní Čermná was promoted to a

market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...

Demographics

Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

Sport

The sports complex called ''Areál zdraví a sportu Dolní Čermná'' is located in the south of the town. The complex includes an all-weather area that contains tennis courts, a football pitch and other sports grounds. The site of the football pitch used to be a

motorcycle speedway Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to simply as speedway, is a motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four clockwise, anti-clockwise laps of an oval circuit. The motorcycles are specialist machines that ...

venue from 1949 to 1967, when it hosted the Junek Memorial race. The 444 metres track also hosted a final round of the Czechoslovak Individual Speedway Championship in 1954, 1962 and 1963.

Sights

The main landmark of Dolní Čermná is the Church of Saint George. It was built in 1687–1690 and extended in 1859–1860. The tower dates from 1559.

Notable people

Jindřich Štyrský Jindřich Štyrský (11 August 1899 – 21 March 1942) was a Czech Surrealist painter, poet, editor, photographer and graphic artist. His outstanding and varied oeuvre included numerous book covers and illustrations. He also wrote studies of bo ...

(1899–1942), artist *

Oldřich Marek Oldřich Marek (3 April 1911 – 26 December 1986) was a Czechs, Czech entomologist and teacher. He was a member of Czechoslovak entomological society in Prague starting in 1940. Life Oldřich Marek was born on 3 April 1911 in Ústí nad Orlicí. ...

(1911–1986), entomologist; attended a school here and later worked here as a teacher

Twin towns – sister cities

Dolní Čermná is twinned with: *

Dzierżoniów Dzierżoniów (; until 1946 ; ) is a town located at the foot of the Owl Mountains in southwestern Poland, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the seat of Dzierżoniów County, and of Gmina Dzierżoniów (although it is not part of the ...

, Poland *

Kazár Kazár is a village in Nógrád County, Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the ...

, Hungary *

Liptovská Teplička Liptovská Teplička () is a large village and municipality in Poprad District in the Prešov Region of northern Slovakia. Geography The municipality lies at an elevation of 919 metres (3,015 ft) and covers an area of 98.69 km2 (38.10&n ...

, Slovakia *

Velykyi Bereznyi Velykyi Bereznyi (; ; ) is a rural settlement in Uzhhorod Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast, western Ukraine. The settlement was formerly the administrative center of Velykyi Bereznyi Raion, housing the district's local administration buildings until t ...

, Ukraine

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Dolni Cermna Populated places in Ústí nad Orlicí District Market towns in the Czech Republic