''Dissoderma'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of parasitic

fungi A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Squamanitaceae The Squamanitaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. All species in the family are agarics (gilled mushrooms). Species in two genera, '' Dissoderma'' and '' Squamanita'', are parasitic on other agarics. Members of the ''Squamanitacea ...

Basidiocarps In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma () is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not ...

(fruit bodies) superficially resemble normal agarics (gilled mushrooms) but emerge from parasitized fruit bodies of deformed host agarics.

Taxonomy

''Dissoderma'' was created in 1948 as a subgenus of '' Cystoderma'' and raised to generic rank in 1973. Though French

mycologist Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans, including as a source for tinder, traditional medicine, food, and entheogens, as w ...

Marcel Bon Marcel Bon (17 March 1925 – 11 May 2014)http://fmbds.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CAFAM-2014-CR-complet.pdf was one of France's best known field mycologists. He was born in Picardy in 1925 and came to mycology through general botany, and pha ...

recognized and expanded the genus in 1999, most other mycologists considered ''Dissoderma'' synonymous with ''

Squamanita ''Squamanita'' is a genus of parasitic fungi in the family Squamanitaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) superficially resemble normal agarics (gilled mushrooms) but emerge from parasitized fruit bodies of deformed host agarics. Taxonomy The gen ...

''.

Molecular A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and bioch ...

research, based on

cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived ch ...

analysis of

DNA sequences A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases signified by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. By convention, sequences are usu ...

, has however confirmed ''Dissoderma'' as a genus distinct from ''Squamanita''. A number of species previously referred to ''Squamanita'' have accordingly been transferred to ''Dissoderma''.

Description

''Dissoderma'' species can be distinguished from ''Squamanita'' species by their violet-grey pilei (caps) and upper

stipes Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the victim is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross or beam and left to hang until eventual death from exhaustion and asphyxiation. It was used as a punishment by the Persians, Carthagin ...

(stems). The lower parts of the stipes are host tissue and as such are often distinct and differently coloured. Known hosts include species of '' Cystoderma'', ''

Galerina ''Galerina'' is a genus of small brown-spore saprobic fungi (colloquially often ''mushrooms''), with over 300 species found throughout the world from the far north to remote Macquarie Island in the Southern Ocean. The genus is most noted for s ...

'', and ''

Hebeloma ''Hebeloma'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenogastraceae. Found worldwide, it contains the poison pie or fairy cakes ''(Hebeloma crustuliniforme)'' and the ghoul fungus ''( H. aminophilum)'', from Western Australia, which grows on rott ...

''.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q114355570 Agaricales genera

Taxonomy

Description

See also

References