Poultry diseases occur in

poultry Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of harvesting animal products such as meat, Eggs as food, eggs or feathers. The practice of animal husbandry, raising poultry is known as poultry farming. These birds are most typ ...

, which are domesticated birds kept for their meat, eggs or feathers. Poultry species include the

chicken The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated subspecies of the red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus''), originally native to Southeast Asia. It was first domesticated around 8,000 years ago and is now one of the most common and w ...

turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family (biology), family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and goose, geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfam ...

goose A goose (: geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera '' Anser'' (grey geese and white geese) and '' Branta'' (black geese). Some members of the Tadorninae subfamily (e.g., Egy ...

and

ostrich Ostriches are large flightless birds. Two living species are recognised, the common ostrich, native to large parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and the Somali ostrich, native to the Horn of Africa. They are the heaviest and largest living birds, w ...

Viral diseases

Avian infectious bronchitis Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens. The disease is caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus (Coronaviridae, Orthocoronavirinae, genus ''Gammacoronavirus'', sub ...

, caused by a strain of

Avian coronavirus Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a species of virus from the genus ''Gammacoronavirus'' that infects birds. It causes avian infectious bronchitis, a highly infectious disease that affects the respiratory tract, Gastrointestinal tract, gut, k ...

previously known as infectious bronchitis virus * Avian infectious laryngotracheitis, caused by Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 *

Avian influenza Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans. Wild aquatic birds are the primary host of the influenza A viru ...

, caused by Avian influenza virus *

Duck plague Duck plague (also known as duck viral enteritis) is a worldwide disease caused by Duck enteritis virus (DEV) of the family ''Herpesviridae'' that causes acute disease with high mortality rates in flocks of ducks, geese, and swans. It is spread b ...

, caused by Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1 * Chicken infectious anemia, caused by

Chicken anaemia virus Chicken anemia virus (CAV), scientific name ''Gyrovirus chickenanemia'', is a member of the ''Anelloviridae'' family which is found worldwide. The virus only affects chickens. CAV is a non-enveloped icosahedral single-stranded DNA virus, which cau ...

* Epidemic tremor, caused by Tremovirus *

Fowlpox Fowlpox is the worldwide disease of poultry caused by viruses of the family ''Poxviridae'' and the genus '' Avipoxvirus''. The viruses causing fowlpox are distinct from one another but antigenically similar, possible hosts including chickens, tu ...

, caused by viruses in the genus ''

Avipoxvirus ''Avipoxvirus'' (avian pox) is a genus of viruses within the family ''Poxviridae''. ''Poxviridae'' is the family of viruses which cause the afflicted organism to have poxes as a symptom. Poxviruses have generally large genomes, and other such ex ...

'' *

Infectious bursal disease Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as Gumboro disease, infectious bursitis, and infectious avian nephrosis, is a highly contagious disease of young chickens and turkeys caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), characterized by ...

(IBD), also known Gumboro disease, caused by

Infectious bursal disease virus infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disea ...

Lymphoid leukosis Lymphoid leucosis is a disease that affects chickens, caused by the retrovirus ''Avian leukosis virus''. It is a neoplastic disease caused by a virus, which may take the form of a tumor of the bursa of Fabricius and may metastasize to other tiss ...

caused by

avian sarcoma leukosis virus Avian sarcoma leukosis virus (ASLV) is an endogenous retrovirus that infects and can lead to cancer in chickens; experimentally it can infect other species of birds and mammals. ASLV replicates in chicken embryo fibroblasts, the cells that contri ...

Marek's disease Marek's disease is a highly contagious viral neoplastic disease in chickens. It is named after József Marek, a Hungarian veterinarian who described it in 1907. Marek's disease is caused by an alphaherpesvirus commonly known as "Marek's disea ...

Newcastle disease Virulent Newcastle disease (VND), formerly exotic Newcastle disease, is a contagious viral avian disease affecting many domestic and wild bird species; it is transmissible to humans. Though it can infect humans, most cases are non-symptomati ...

* Viral arthritis, caused by

Avian reovirus Avian orthoreovirus, also known as avian reovirus, is an orthoreovirus from the Reoviridae family. Infection causes arthritis and tenosynovitis in poultry. It can also cause respiratory disease. Avian orthoreovirus infection is more common in yo ...

Parasitic diseases

Scaly leg Scaly foot, or knemidocoptiasis is a bird ailment that is common among caged birds and also affects many other bird species. It is caused by mites in the genus '' Knemidokoptes'' which burrow into the bird's flesh. The tunnels made by the mite ...

, caused by the mite ''

Knemidocoptes mutans ''Knemidokoptes mutans'', also known as the scaly leg mite, is a species of mite Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods) of two large orders, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in th ...

'' * Infestation by ''

Dermanyssus gallinae ''Dermanyssus gallinae'' (also known as the red mite) is a haematophagous ectoparasite of poultry. It has been implicated as a vector of several major pathogenic diseases. Despite its common names, it has a wide range of hosts including severa ...

'', the red poultry mite * Infestation by ''

Echidnophaga gallinacea ''Echidnophaga gallinacea'', also known as the hen flea or sticktight flea, is part of the 2,500 known flea types in the Siphonaptera order. ''Echidnophaga gallinacea'' appear dark brown in colour and is a small flea measuring approximately 2 m ...

'', the sticktight flea

Bacterial diseases

* Colibacillosis in poultry * Infectious coryza in chickens * ''

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale ''Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale'', or ORT, is a bacterium that causes respiratory disease in poultry. It can cause disease in birds of all ages and is potentially fatal. ''O. rhinotracheale'' is found worldwide, and the bacterium may be spread ...

'' * Pullorum disease * '' Riemerella anatipestifer'' * Salmonellosis in poultry * Staphylococcal infection in poultry * Streptococcal infection in poultry * Omphalitis in chicks (mushy chick disease) *

Mycoplasmosis ''Mycoplasma'' is a genus of bacteria that, like the other members of the class ''Mollicutes'', lack a cell wall, and its peptidoglycan, around their cell membrane. The absence of peptidoglycan makes them naturally resistant to antibiotics ...

Fowl cholera Fowl cholera is also called avian cholera, avian pasteurellosis and avian hemorrhagic septicemia.K. R. Rhoades and R. B. Rimler, Avian pasteurellosis, in "Diseases of poultry", ed. by M. S. Hofstad, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa , p. 141 ...

Campylobacteriosis Campylobacteriosis is among the most common infections caused by a bacterium in humans, often as a foodborne illness. It is caused by the '' Campylobacter'' bacterium, most commonly '' C. jejuni''. It produces an inflammatory, sometimes bloody, ...

Pseudomonas ''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a ...

* Ornithobacteriosis

Protozoal diseases

Histomoniasis Histomoniasis is a commercially significant disease of poultry, particularly of chickens and turkeys, due to parasitic infection of a protozoan, ''Histomonas meleagridis''. The protozoan is transmitted to the bird by the nematode parasite ''Heterak ...

(blackhead disease), caused by ''

Histomonas meleagridis ''Histomonas meleagridis'' is a species of parasite, parasitic protozoan that infects a wide range of birds including chickens, turkey (bird), turkeys, peafowl, quail and pheasants, causing infectious enterohepatitis, or histomoniasis (blackhead ...

'' *

Coccidiosis Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa. The disease spreads from one animal to another by contact with infected feces or ingestion of infected tissue. Diarrhea, which may become bloody ...

Trichomonas gallinae ''Trichomonas gallinae'' is a cosmopolitan parasite of birds including finches, pigeons, doves, turkeys, chickens, parrots, and raptors (hawks, golden eagle, etc.). The condition in birds of prey is called frounce. It is believed to be an ancien ...

Fungal diseases

Ergotism Ergotism (pron. ) is the effect of long-term ergot poisoning, traditionally due to the ingestion of the alkaloids produced by the '' Claviceps purpurea'' fungus—from the Latin "club" or clavus "nail" and for "head", i.e. the purple club-h ...

, which occurs when poultry feed is contaminated with toxic alkaloids produced by fungi of the genus ''

Claviceps Ergot ( ) or ergot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus ''Claviceps''. The most prominent member of this group is '' Claviceps purpurea'' ("rye ergot fungus"). This fungus grows on rye and related plants, and produces alkaloids that c ...

'' *

Aspergillosis Aspergillosis is a fungal infection of usually the lungs, caused by the genus ''Aspergillus'', a common mold that is breathed in frequently from the air, but does not usually affect most people. It generally occurs in people with lung diseases su ...

, a non-contagious disease caused when birds inhale ''

Aspergillus ' () is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide. ''Aspergillus'' was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Miche ...

'' spores that cause breathing to be hard for the bird *

Ringworm Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea and ringworm, is a mycosis, fungal infection of the skin (a dermatomycosis), that may affect skin, hair, and nails. Typically it results in a red, itchy, scaly, circular rash. Hair loss may occur in the a ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poultry disease Lists of animal diseases