Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
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''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' is a
botanical Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...
work in
German language German (, ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western Europe, Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and Official language, official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switze ...
, first published in many volumes between 1887–1915 and written by
Adolf Engler Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (25 March 1844 – 10 October 1930) was a German botanist. He is notable for his work on plant taxonomy and phytogeography, such as ''Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' (''The Natural Plant Families''), edited with K ...
(1844–1930) and Karl Anton Prantl (1849–1893). It contained a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further. As such it forms part of the
Engler system One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler (1844–1930), and is featured in two major taxonomic texts he authored or co-authored. His influence is reflected in the use of the terms "Engler School" and ...
of
plant taxonomy Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants. It is one of the main branches of taxonomy (the science that finds, describes, classifies, and names living things). Plant taxonomy is closely allied ...
. The first edition of ''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' appeared in 23 volumes. An incomplete second edition was issued in 28 parts (1924-1980), although Engler had died in 1930. It is still considered one of the few true World Floras. Engler's starting point was that of
Eichler Several people are named Eichler: * August W. Eichler (1839–1887), German botanist * Caroline Eichler (1808/9–1843), German inventor, first woman to be awarded a patent (for her leg prosthesis) * Eunice Eichler (1932–2017), New Zealand Salvat ...
who had been the first to use
phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
principles, and reflected the new post-
Darwinian ''Darwinism'' is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural sele ...
perspective, although Engler himself did not think that his was. His modified Eichler schema first appeared in 1886 in his ''Guide to Breslau Botanic Garden'' (of which he was the director).


First edition (1887–1915)

The complete 23 volume work was published in four parts (''Teil(e)''), together with supplements and indices. Each part was further divided in ''Abteilung(en)'' (sections).
The volumes are arranged as follows: * Teil 1: ** Abt. 1, 1897; Myxothallophyta (Abt. I): Myxomycetes. Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Fungi (Eumycetes): Phycomycetes & Ascomycetes. ** Abt. 1*, 1907; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Eumycetes: Lichenes. ** Abt. 1**, 1900; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Eumycetes: Basidiomycetes & Fungi imperfecti. ** Abt. 1a, 1900; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Schyzophyta & Flagellata. ** Abt. 1b, 1896; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Peridiniales (Gymnodiniaceae, Prorocentraceae, Peridiniaceae) and Bacillariaceae. ** Abt. 2, 1897; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Euphyceae. ** Abt. 3, Hälfte 1, 1909; (Abt. III): Hepaticae & Musci. ** Abt. 3, Hälfte 2, 1909; (Abt. III): Musci. ** Abt. 4 1902; (Abt. III): Pteridophyta. * Teil 2: ** Abt. 1, 1889; phonogama (Abt. IV): Gymnospermae & Angiospermae (Monocotyledoneae: Thyphaceae etc.). ** Abt. 2, 1887; Monocotyledoneae: Gramineae & Cyperaceae. ** Abt. 3, 1889; Monocotyledoneae: Palmae etc. ** Abt. 4, 1888; Monocotyledoneae: Flagellariaceae etc. ** Abt. 5, 1888; Monocotyledoneae: Juncaceae etc. ** Abt. 6, 1889; Monocotyledoneae: Musaceae etc. * Teil 3: ** Abt. 1, 1889; Dicotyledonae: Saururaceae etc. ** Abt. 1a, 1893; Dicotyledoneae: Polygonaceae etc. ** Abt. 1b, 1889; Dicotyledoneae: Phytolaccaceae etc. ** Abt. 2, 1891; Dicotyledoneae: Nymphaeaceae etc. ** Abt. 2a, 1891; Dicotyledoneae: Podostomataceae etc. ** Abt. 3. 1894; Dicotyledoneae: Rosaceae etc. ** Abt. 4, 1896; Dicotyledoneae: Geraniaceae etc. ** Abt. 5, 1896; Dicotyledoneae: Euphorbiaceae etc. ** Abt. 6, 1895; Dicotyledoneae: Elaeocarpaceae etc. ** Abt. 6a, 1894; Dicotyledoneae: Flacourtiaceae etc. (Index 6–8 p. 272) ** Abt. 7, 1893; Dicotyledoneae: Lythraceae etc. ** Abt. 8, 1894; Dicotyledoneae: Araliaceae etc. * Teil 4: ** Abt. 1, 1897; Dicotyledoneae: Clethraceae etc. ** Abt. 2, 1895; Dicotyledoneae: Oleaceae etc. ** Abt. 3a, 1897; Dicotyledoneae: Convolvulaceae etc. ** Abt. 3b, 1895; Dicotyledoneae: Nolanaceae etc. ** Abt. 4, 1891; Dicotyledoneae: Rubiaceae etc. ** Abt. 5, 1894; Dicotyledoneae: Cucurbitaceae etc. * Nachträge (supplements) ** Teil 1, Abt. 2, Nachträge, 1911 ** Teilen 2–4, Nachträge 1, 1897 ** Teilen 2–4, Nachträge 2, 1900 ** Teilen 2–4, Nachträge 3 (or Ergänzungshefte 2), 1908 ** Teilen 2–4, Nachträge 4 (or Ergänzungshefte 3), 1915 * Gesamtregister (index) ** Teil 1, Gesamtregister, 1909. ** Teil 2–4, Gesamtregister, 1899.


Synopsis

The major groupings (''Abteilung'', ''Unterabteilung''), with selected lower rankings are shown here with olume numberand page number. N (''Nachträge'' = supplement). * Abteilung Myxothallophyta (Myxomycetes) (1)1897 * Abteilung Euthallophyta ** Unterabteilung Fungi (Eumycetes) ** Unterabteilung Schizophyta (1a)1900 *** Klasse Schizomycetes (Bacteria) *** Klasse Schizophyceae (Myxophycaceae) p. 45 *** Klasse Flagellata p. 93 **** Unterklasse Peridiniales (1b)p. 1 **** Unterklasse Bacillariales (Diatomeae) p. 34 ***** Fam. Bacillariaceae ** Unterabteilung Euphyceae (Algae) (2)*** Klasse Conjugatae *** Klasse Chlorophyceae *** Klasse Characeae *** Klasse Phaeophyceae (Fucoideae) *** Klasse Dictyotales *** Klasse Rhodophyceae * Abteilung ( Archegoniatae) (later Embryophyta Asiphonogama) (3)1909 ** Unterabteilung Bryophyta (Muscinei) *** Klasse Hepaticae p. 1 *** Klasse Musci p. 142 ** Unterabteilung
Pteridophyta A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that reproduces by means of spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as " cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is h ...
(4)1902 * Abteilung
Embryophyta The embryophytes () are a clade of plants, also known as Embryophyta (Plantae ''sensu strictissimo'') () or land plants. They are the most familiar group of photoautotrophs that make up the vegetation on Earth's dry lands and wetlands. Embryophy ...
I (1)1889 ** Unterabteilung
Gymnospermae The gymnosperms ( ; ) are a group of woody, perennial seed-producing plants, typically lacking the protective outer covering which surrounds the seeds in flowering plants, that include conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the cla ...
I(1)p. 6 ** Unterabteilung
Angiospermae Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. The ...
I (1)p. 128 *** Klasse Monocotyledoneae p. 183 I–III**** Fam. Gramineae I (2)p. 1 **** Fam. Palmae I(3)p. 1 **** Fam. Flagellariaceae I(4)p. 1 **** Fam. Juncaceae II(5) p. 1 1888 **** Fam.
Liliaceae The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fai ...
pp. 10–91 12 subfamilies ***** Melanthioideae ***** Herrerioideae ***** Asphodeloideae ***** Allioideae ***** Lilioideae p. 60 2 tribes ****** Tulipeae p. 60 ****** Scilleae p. 63 ***** Dracaenoideae ***** Asparagoideae ***** Ophiopogonoideae **** Fam. Haemodoraceae p. 92 **** Fam.
Amaryllidaceae The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus '' Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryl ...
Pax I(5)pp. 97–124 4 subfamilies ***** Amaryllidoideae p. 103 ***** Agavoideae p. 115 ***** Hypoxidoideae p. 119 ***** Campynematoideae p. 124 **** Fam. Musaceae I (6)p. 1 1889 **** Fam. Saururaceae II (1)p. 1 1889 *** Klasse Dicotyledoneae V1897 **** Unterklasse Archichlamydeae II(6) p. 1 ***** Fam. Elaeocarpaceae p. 1 ***** ... ***** Fam. Violaceae p. 322 ***** Fam. Flacourtiaceae (6a) p. 1 ***** ... ***** Fam. Elaeagnaceae p. 246 *Index to Teil I (6a) *Index to Teil 2–IV *Index to II(5)


Second edition 1924–

* Bd. 1b: Schizophyta. Klasse Schizophyceae. 1942 (reprint 1959) * Bd. 2: Peridineae (Dinoflagellatae) - Diatomeae (Bacillariophyta) - Myxomycetes. 1928 ** E. Lindemann, Peridineae - G. Karsten, Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae) - E. Jahn, Myxomycetes * Bd. 3: Chlorophyceae (nebst Conjugatae, Heterocontae und Charophyta). 1927 (reprint 1959) * Bd. 5a: I: Eumycetes: Allgemeiner Teil: Bau, Entwicklung und Lebensweise der Pilze. 1943 (reprint 1959) * Bd. 5b. 8: Eumycecetes (Fungi) – Klasse: Ascomycetes, Reihe Euascales, Unterreihe VIII: Tuberineae. 1938 * Bd. 6: Eumycetes (Fungi): Basidiomycetes. 1928 ** P. Dietel, 1. Unterklasse: Hemibasidii - S. Killermann, 2. Unterklasse: Eubasidii, Reihe Hymenomyceteae * Bd. 7a: Eumycetes (Fungi) – Klasse: Basidiomycetes. 1933 (reprint 1959) * Bd. 8: Lichenes (Flechten). 1926 ** M. Fünfstück, A. Allgemeiner Teil - A. Zahlbruckner, B. Spezieller Teil: Ascolichenes (Schlauchflechten); Hymenolichenes (Basidiomycetenflechten) * Bd. 10-11: (Archegoniatae): Musci (Laubmoose), Hälfte 1–2. 1924- ** Bd. 10: Musci (Laubmoose), 1. Hälfte. 1924 (reprint 1960) ** W. Ruhland, Musci, Allgemeiner Teil - W. Ruhland, I. Unterklasse Sphagnales: Allgemeine Verhältnisse - H. Paul, Sphagnaceae (Torfmoose) - W. Ruhland, II. Unterklasse Andreaeales: Allgemeine Verhältnisse - V. F. Brotherus, Andreaeaceae - W. Ruhland, III. Unterklasse Bryales: I. Allgemeine Verhältnisse - V. F. Brotherus, II. Spezieller Teil - 1. Reihengruppe Eubryinales; 1. Reihe Fissidentales, 2. Reihe Dicranales, 3. Reihe Pottiales, 4. Reihe Grimmiales, 5. Reihe Funariales, 6. Reihe Schistostegiales, 7. Reihe Tetraphidales, 8. Reihe Eubryales ** Bd. 11: Musci (Laubmoose), 2. Hälfte. 1925 (reprint 1960)
Bd. 13: Embryophyta siphonogama: Gymnospermae. 1926 (reprint 1960)
** W. Gothan, Cycadofilices - R. Pilger, Cycadales - R. Kräusel, Fossile Cycadaceae, Bennettitales - R. Pilger, Ginkgoales - R. Kräusel, Fossile Ginkgoaceae, Cordaitales - R. Pilger, Coniferae - A. Engler, Geographische Verbreitung der Coniferae - R. Kräusel, Fossile Coniferae - F. Markgraf, Gnetales * Bd. 14a-20d: : Angiospermae. 1926-1959 ** Bd. 14a: Angiospermae: Kurze Erläuterung der Blüten- und Fortpflanzungsverhältnisse. 1926 ** Bd. 14d: Angiospermae: Reihe Graminales (Glumiflorae). Gramineae II. 1956 ** Unterfamilien: Micrairoideae, Eragrostoideae, Oryzoideae, Olyroideae ** Bd. 14e: Gramineae III. 1956–1960 ** Bd. 15a: Angiospermae: Reihen Farinosae, Liliiflorae, Scitamineae. 1930 ** A. Engler, ''Flagellariaceae, Cyanastraceae'' - C. Gilg-Benedict, ''Restionaceae, Centrolepidaceae'' - R. Pilger, ''Mayacaceae, Thurniaceae, Rapateaceae, Philydraceae'' - G. O. A. Malme, ''Xyridaceae'' - W. Ruhland, ''Eriocaulaceae'' - H. Harms, ''Bromeliaceae'' - G. Brückner, ''Commelinaceae'' - O. Schwartz, ''Pontederiaceae'' - F. Vierhapper, ''Juncaceae'' - K. Krause, ''Stemonaceae, Liliaceae'' - F. Pax, ''Haemodoraceae, Amaryllidaceae'' - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, ''Velloziaceae, Taccaceae'' - R. Knuth, ''Dioscoreaceae'' - L. Diels, ''Iridaceae'' - H. Winkler, ''Musaceae, Cannaceae'' - T. Loesener, ''Zingiberaceae, Marantaceae'' ** Bd. 16b: Angiospermae: Reihen Santalales, Aristolochiales, Balanophorales. 1935 (reprint 1960) ** Bd. 16c: Angiospermae: Reihe Centrospermae. 1934 (reprint 1960) ** H. Schinz, Amaranthaceae - A. Heimerl, Nyctaginaceae - A. Heimerl, Phytolaccaceae - A. Heimerl, Gyrostemonaceae - A. Heimerl, Achatocarpaceae - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, Aizoaceae - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, Portulacaceae - E. Ulbrich, Basellaceae - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, Dysphaniaceae; Caryophyllaceae - J. Mattfeld, Nachtrag zu den Caryophyllaceae - E. Ulbrich, Thelygonaceae - E. Ulbrich, Chenopodiaceae ** Bd. 17a: II: Angiospermae: Reihe Magnoliales. (2. Teil). 1959 ** Bd. 17a: IV: Angiospermae: Reihen Rhoeadales und Sarraceniales: Ordnung Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae 1995 ** Bd. 17b: Angiospermae: Reihen Rhoeadales und Sarraceniales: Reihen Rhoeadales und Sarraceniales. 1936 (reprint 1960) ** F. Fedde, Papaveraceae - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, Capparidaceae, Tovariaceae - O. E. Schulz, Cruciferae - F. Bolle, Resedaceae - F. Pax, Moringaceae, Bretschneideraceae - J. C. T. Uphof, Sarraceniaceae - H. Harms, Nepenthaceae - L. Diels, Droseraceae ** Bd. 18a: Angiospermae: Reihe Podostemonales – Reihe Rosales, Unterreihe Saxifragineae. 1930 ** A. Engler, Podostemonaceae - L. Diels, Cephalotaceae - A. Engler, Saxifragaceae, Brunelliaceae, Cunoniaceae - F. Niedenzu / A. Engler, Myrothamnaceae - E. Pritzel, Pittosporaceae - L. Diels, Byblidaceae - F. Niedenzu / H. Harms, Bruniaceae - H. Harms, Hamamelidaceae - L. Diels, Roridulaceae - H. Harms, Eucommiaceae - A. Berger, Crassulaceae ** Bd. 19a: Angiospermae: Reihe Pandales – Reihe Geraniales, Unterreihe Geraniineae (erster Teil). 1931 ** Bd. 19b: I: Angiospermae, Reihe Geraniales, Unterreihe Geraniineae (2. Teil) 1960 ** Bd. 19c: Angiospermae: Reihe Geraniales, Unterreihen Dichapetalineae, Tricoccae, Callitrichineae. 1931 ** Bd. 20b: Angiospermae: Reihe Sapindales, Unterreihen Celastrineae und Icacinineae. 1942 (reprint 1960) ** Bd. 20d: Angiospermae, Reihe Rhamnales. 1953
Bd. 21: Embryophyta siphonogama: Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Archichlamydeae. 1925, reprint 1960
** Parietales und Opuntiales. ** E. Gilg / E. Werdermann, Dilleniaceae - E. Gilg / E. Werdermann, Actinidiaceae - E. Gilg, Eucryphiaceae - E. Gilg, Ochnaceae - R. Pilger, Caryocaraceae - E. Gilg / E. Werdermann, Marcgraviaceae - A. Engler, Quiinaceae - H. Melchior, Theaceae - A. Engler, Guttiferae - E. Gilg, Dipterocarpaceae - F. Niedenzu, Elatinaceae - F. Niedenzu, Frankeniaceae - F. Niedenzu, Tamaricaceae - E. Janchen, Cistaceae - R. Pilger, Bixaceae - F. Pilger, Cochlospermaceae - E. Gilg, Canellaceae - H. Melchior, Violaceae - W. Becker, Viola - E. Gilg, Flacourtiaceae - E. Gilg, Stachyuraceae - E. Gilg, Turneraceae - H. Harms, Malesherbiaceae - H. Harms, Passifloraceae - H. Harms, Achariaceae - H. Harms, Caricaceae - E. Gilg, Loasaceae - E. Gilg, Datiscaceae - E. Irmscher, Begoniaceae - E. Gilg, Ancistrocladaceae - F. Vaupel, Cactaceae * Bd. 28b: I: Angiospermae: Ordnung Gentianales, Fam. Loganiaceae 1980 ''For comparative indices between the first and second editions (Parts 1–24), see Morley 1984.''


References


Bibliography


Works by Engler

* * (33 parts (Abteilungen) in 23 volumes) * (21 parts (Abteilungen))


Other

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien Botany books