Dibër Valley

The Dibër Valley ( sq-definite, Dibra; , ''Debar''; ) is a section of the Black Drin river valley in the border region between North Macedonia and Albania. Today, the Dibër Valley is split into two territorial divisions - Big Dibër (), which is centred around the city of Debar in the Debar Municipality of North Macedonia, and Little Dibër (), which is centred around the city of Peshkopi and forms the basis of the modern Dibër County and Dibër municipality of Albania. It is inhabited by an Albanian majority on both sides of the border, with a significant Macedonian minority in Big Dibër.

As an ethnographic region, the Dibër Valley is home to numerous Albanian tribes, which form a geographical and tribal grouping known as ''Nëntë Malet e Dibrës'' (). Historically, the Albanian tribes of the region were divided into sub-regional highland tribal units known collectively as ''Malet e Dibrës'' and were closely associated with the neighbouring regions of Lurë, Mati, Golloborda, Reka and Topalltia.

Geography

As a tribal region, the Dibër Valley sits along a portion of the Black Drin river valley that stretches from Luma and Arrëni tribal territory in the north to the town of Debar in the south. It borders the aforementioned Lura and Mati tribal regions to the west and numerous non-tribal territories to the east and south, including Golloborda, Reka and Topalltia.

The high-altitude valley is surrounded by even higher mountains on all sides: to the north is the Korab range, containing Mount Korab which, at 2,764 metres, is the highest point in both countries; the mountains on the other sides also exceed 2,000 metres. The Black Drin flows from the south through a narrow canyon into the valley and leaves it through a similarly steep canyon. Previously the river was notorious for annual floods, and as a result, there are no settlements near the river itself. Since the construction of a reservoir on the Macedonian side, the Debar Lake, the level of the river is regulated. The Dibër Valley is fertile. Wolves and bears are still found in the large forests of the valley. A large portion of the inhabitants work in agriculture.

History

Antiquity

Human activity in the Dibër Valley region can be traced back to the Neolithic. The territory that currently corresponds to the modern Dibër region was inhabited by the ancient Illyrian tribe of the Penestae. Multiple settlements from the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age can be found in the vicinity of Dibra.

Middle Ages

The term 'Dibër' was mentioned in various forms by Greek and Roman authors, particularly in the form ''Deborus'', and the toponym is yet again continuously recorded from the beginning of the 12th century CE onwards, also in various forms. During the Middle Ages, Dibra - which was under the control of Serbian ruler Prince Marko - was incorporated into the growing dominion of the Gropa family by 1371 when it was conquered by Andrea Gropa. Dibra would pass into the hands of the Kastrioti family, who held it until it was conquered by the Ottomans in 1395 and subsequently became the seat of the Sanjak of Dibra.

In 1440, Albanian lord Skanderbeg was appointed as the sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Dibra. During Skanderbeg's rebellion against the Ottomans, Dibra remained part of the League of Lezhë and was the site of numerous battles, including the Battle of Torvioll, the Battle of Otonetë, the First and Second Battle of Oranik and the Battle of Vajkal, all of which resulted in Albanian victories. Nonetheless, after Skanderbeg's death, the region would yet again fall into the hands of the Ottomans.

Ottoman Period

After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in Europe, the European great powers established the borders of the new Balkan states at the London Conference of 1912–13. As a result, the Dibër Valley was cut in half. The northwestern part, also known as the Little Dibër, was assigned to Albania. The Big Dibër ({{langx, sq, Dibra e Madhe), around the city of Debar, went to the Kingdom of Serbia. The city thus lost a large part of its hinterland. Families were separated and the inhabitants of the Albanian state were no longer able to visit the market in Debar. On the Albanian side, the city of Peshkopi became the new regional centre, the capital of the modern Dibër County and Dibër municipality.

The majority of Dibër's inhabitants are Albanians, who speak a Gheg dialect and are traditionally Muslim. There is a Macedonian Slav minority on both sides of the border.

External links

Dibra.org

Geography of North Macedonia
Geography of Dibër County
Valleys of Europe
Albanian ethnographic regions