Deschambault-Grondines, Quebec
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Deschambault-Grondines () is a municipality located in the
Portneuf Regional County Municipality Portneuf () is a regional county municipality (RCM) in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region of Quebec, Canada. RCM of Portneuf has been established on January 1, 1982. It is composed of 21 municipalities: nine cities, seven municipalities, ...
(RCM), in the
Capitale-Nationale Capitale-Nationale (; ) is one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec. It is anchored by the provincial capital, Quebec City, and is largely coextensive with that city's metropolitan area. It has a land area of 18,684.78 km2. It reported ...
region,
Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...
,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
. Deschambault-Grondines was created in 2002 by the merger of the villages of
Deschambault Deschambault-Grondines () is a municipality located in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the Capitale-Nationale region, Quebec, Canada. Deschambault-Grondines was created in 2002 by the merger of the villages of Deschambault ...
and
Grondines Deschambault-Grondines () is a municipality located in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the Capitale-Nationale region, Quebec, Canada. Deschambault-Grondines was created in 2002 by the merger of the villages of Deschambault a ...
. It is a member of the Fédération des Villages-relais du Québec. '


History


Deschambault

The village of Deschambault is located in the eastern part of the municipality. It has its origins in the Seigneurie de Chavigny, granted in 1640 by the Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France. In 1671, Jacques-Alexis Fleury, Sieur Deschambault, married the heiress of the seigneury and became its owner in 1683 through an exchange of land. He then gave his name to his new domain. The parish of Saint-Joseph-de-Deschambault was founded in 1713 and canonically erected in 1753. The parish municipality was created in 1855, and the village municipality separated from it in 1951. These two entities merged again in 1989.'
. . . At one time, Deschambault was said to have "a pilot every two houses." Very early on "the taste for the sea" developed there, because the St. Lawrence has long been the only way to access the village. "Everything was happening on the river !" says Father Jacques Paquin, coordinator of the Deschambault Navigators Committee." Even after the opening of the
Chemin du Roy The Chemin du Roy (; French for "King's Highway" or "King's Road") is a historic road along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec. The road begins in Repentigny and extends almost eastward towards Quebec City, its eastern terminu ...
, a route considered difficult, the seaway continued to be used more than the land route. ''Deschambault, a village of sailors'', Le Soleil. Translated from French.
File:Deschambault church 2.jpg, Saint-Joseph church built between 1835 and 1839 according to the plans of the architect
Thomas Baillairgé Thomas Baillairgé (20 December 1791 – 9 February 1859) was both a wood carver and architect, following the tradition of the family. He was the son of François Baillairgé and the grandson of Jean Baillairgé, both men being termed architects u ...
File:Vieux presbytère de Deschambault 03.jpg, Old presbytery built between 1815 and 1818. File:Vieux Moulin.jpg, Water mill built in 1802 by Seigneur Joseph Chavigny de la Chevrotière.


Grondines

The name Grondines was named by
Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain (; 13 August 1574#Fichier]For a detailed analysis of his baptismal record, see #Ritch, RitchThe baptism act does not contain information about the age of Samuel, neither his birth date nor his place of birth. – 25 December ...
himself in 1674. "Grondines" is from the French verb " wikt:gronder, gronder", meaning to rumble or roar. The 'seigneurie des Grondines' was one of the oldest
lordship A lordship is a territory held by a lord. It was a landed estate that served as the lowest administrative and judicial unit in rural areas. It originated as a unit under the feudal system during the Middle Ages. In a lordship, the functions of eco ...
in the province of
Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...
, and was initially granted in 1637 by the
Company of New France The Company of One Hundred Associates ( French: formally the Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France, or colloquially the Compagnie des Cent-Associés or Compagnie du Canada), or Company of New France, was a French trading and colonization company ch ...
to Duchess Marie-Madeleine de Vignerot de Pontcourlay,
Dame d'atours ''Dame d'atour'' () was an office at the royal court of France. It existed in nearly all French courts from the 16th-century onward. The ''dame d'honneur'' was selected from the members of the highest French nobility. They were ranked between th ...
of
Marie de' Medici Marie de' Medici (; ; 26 April 1575 – 3 July 1642) was Queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Henry IV. Marie served as regent of France between 1610 and 1617 during the minority of her son Louis XIII. Her mandate as rege ...
, and niece of
Cardinal Richelieu Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke of Richelieu (9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), commonly known as Cardinal Richelieu, was a Catholic Church in France, French Catholic prelate and statesman who had an outsized influence in civil and religi ...
, chief minister of
Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...
. The estate covered a land area of around 90 square miles or nearly 60,000 acres.Fonds D'archives des Seigneuries Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade et des Grondines ( 87P )
/ref>' In 1646, the Governor of New-France at the time,
Charles Jacques Huault de Montmagny Charles Jacques Huault de Montmagny (; c. 1583 to 1599 – 4 July 1657) was governor of New France from 1636 to 1648. He was the first person to bear the title of Governor of New France and succeeded Samuel de Champlain, who governed the colony ...
, gave the concession to the nuns hospitallers, administrators of
Hôtel-Dieu de Québec The Hotel-Dieu de Québec () is a teaching hospital located in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, and affiliated with Université Laval's medical school. It is part of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), a network of five teaching ...
, and thereafter, it was resold in 1683 to Lord Jacques Aubert. Being the father-in-law of Louis Hamelin, the next lord of Grondines, the lordship passed to the Hamelin family afterwards, and was transmitted to their descendants until 1797, following the
British Conquest The French and Indian War, 1754 to 1763, was a colonial conflict in North America between Great Britain and France, along with their respective Native American allies. European historians generally consider it a related conflict of the wider ...
. In 1698, comte Louis de Buade of
Château Frontenac The Fairmont Le Château Frontenac, commonly referred to as the Château Frontenac (), is a historic hotel in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The hotel is situated in Old Quebec, within the historic district's Upper Town, on the southern side of Pl ...
award them concessions, extending their lordship with additional islands and isles. This family was one of the eight seigneurial dynasties that lived permanently on their estate for six generations. Over time, the Hamelins married members of the French-Canadian nobility. The families were the Couillard de l'Espinay, the
Denys Denys () is both a form of the given name Denis and a patronymic surname. Amongst others, it is a transliteration of the common Ukrainian name ''Денис''. Closely related forms are ''Denijs'' and ''Dénys''. Notable people with the name includ ...
de la Ronde, partners of
Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye (; 12 February 1632 – 20 September 1702) was a French businessman active in Canada. The richest financier and businessman in New France, he played an important part in the colony's economic life (such as its trad ...
, the Fleury d'Eschambault, the Gaultier de Varennes, the Lorimier de la Rivière, the Chavigny de la Chevrotière, and their in-laws included the Barons Le Moyne de
Longueuil Longueuil () is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Montérégie, Montérégie administrative region and the central city of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil. It sits on the South Shore (Montreal), south shore o ...
, the Pézard de Champlain, and the Boucher de Montarville.' A member of this family was also recognized as noble by the
Sovereign Council of New France The Sovereign Council of New France (, ), or simply Sovereign Council (), was a governing body in New France. It served as both Supreme Court for the colony of New France, as well as a policy-making body, though this latter role diminished over ti ...
of
Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...
in 1654, and would join the French-Canadian nobility, being the lord and commander Jacques-François Hamelin de Bourgchemin et de l'Hermitière, a descendant of
Jacques Hamelin Jacques or Jacq are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related t ...
, bishop of Tulle.' In 1766, a member of the Hamelin de Chavigny also appeared in documents of the Canadian nobility, where they asked the king to keep in power the current Governor of Quebec James Murray, with the hope of being less penalized by the injustices they had to suffer after the British conquest. The signatories, including A. Hamelin, were
Luc de la Corne Luc de la Corne ( – October 1, 1784) was a Canadian-born military officer, merchant, interpreter and politician. Life Luc de la Corne was born in Contrecœur, Quebec, then part of the French colony of Canada. Born into a "large and ill ...
,
François-Joseph Cugnet François-Joseph is a given name, and may refer to: * François-Joseph Amon d'Aby (1913–2007), Ivoirian playwright and essayist * François-Joseph de Beaupoil de Sainte-Aulaire (1643–1742), French poet and army officer * François-Joseph Bélan ...
,
Aubert de Gaspé The Aubert de Gaspé family was a French Canadian family descended from Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye, with several notable members: * Ignace-Philippe Aubert de Gaspé (1714–1787), army officer * Pierre-Ignace Aubert de Gaspé (1758–1823), poli ...
, Antoine Juchereau Duchesnay, and a few others. The last lord of Grondines was Senator David Edward Price in 1871, a member of the influential Price family. The Grondines windmill was built and is the oldest windmill in Québec. File:Église Saint-Charles-Borromée 01.jpg, Saint-Charles-Borromée church built between 1839 and 1842 according to the plans of architect
Thomas Baillairgé Thomas Baillairgé (20 December 1791 – 9 February 1859) was both a wood carver and architect, following the tradition of the family. He was the son of François Baillairgé and the grandson of Jean Baillairgé, both men being termed architects u ...
. File:Deschambault Grondines 090.jpg, Presbytery of Saint-Charles-des-Grondines, chemin du Roy File:Deschambault Grondines 087.jpg, Saint-Charles-Borromée Parish Cemetery, Sir Lomer-Gouin Road File:Deschambault Grondines 083.jpg, Information board, in front of the cemetery, Sir-Lomer-Gouin Road File:Deschambault Grondines 081.jpg, Commemorative plaque on the façade of the church
File:Deschambault Grondines 044.jpg, La Chevrotière River, La Chevrotière Watermill, rue de Chavigny File:Riviere du Moulin 013.jpg, Rivière du Moulin, private property, Vieux moulin Hamelin, chemin Sir-Lomer-Gouin File:Deschambault_Grondines_068.jpg, On the vintage truck: Paul Guilbault, Grondines, Charroyage général (Transport), chemin Sir-Lomer-Gouin


Geography


St. Lawrence River

In canoes, made of
birch bark Birch bark or birchbark is the bark of several Eurasian and North American birch trees of the genus ''Betula''. For all practical purposes, birch bark's main layers are the outer dense layer, white on the outside, and the inner porous layer ( ...
or carved out of a
tree trunk Trunks are the Plant stem, stems of woody plants and the main structural element of trees. The woody part of the trunk consists of dead but structurally significant heartwood and living sapwood, which is used for nutrient storage and transport ...
,
First Nations First nations are indigenous settlers or bands. First Nations, first nations, or first peoples may also refer to: Indigenous groups *List of Indigenous peoples *First Nations in Canada, Indigenous peoples of Canada who are neither Inuit nor Mé ...
have crisscrossed the
St. Lawrence River The St. Lawrence River (, ) is a large international river in the middle latitudes of North America connecting the Great Lakes to the North Atlantic Ocean. Its waters flow in a northeasterly direction from Lake Ontario to the Gulf of St. Lawren ...
from west to east, from the
Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes spanning the Canada–United States border. The five lakes are Lake Superior, Superior, Lake Michigan, Michigan, Lake Huron, H ...
to the
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the ...
and all the rivers of the
Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...
, from north to south, from the
Arctic The Arctic (; . ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying within the Arctic Circle. The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway ( ...
to
Tierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuego (, ; Spanish for "Land of Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South America, South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main is ...
, for millennia.
Indigenous peoples There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territ ...
knew the advantages, irritants, barriers and dangers of waterways long before the arrival of Europeans and
Jacques Cartier Jacques Cartier (; 31 December 14911 September 1557) was a French maritime explorer from Brittany. Jacques Cartier was the first Europeans, European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, wh ...
(1491-1557). Opposite Cape Lauzon, in the middle of the St. Lawrence River, the Richelieu Rapids stretch for a distance of nearly 2 km. These rapids, which are virtually invisible, correspond to a narrowing of the channel, marked, especially at low tide, by a much stronger current than anywhere else on the St. Lawrence downstream of
Montreal Montreal is the List of towns in Quebec, largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec, the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-largest in Canada, and the List of North American cit ...
.' From the canoes of the First Nations to the ships of the conquerors, the Richelieu Rapids have played a strategic role in the history of Cape Lauzon, Deschambault and all of Quebec. To this day, they still make life as hard for
sailboats A sailboat or sailing boat is a boat propelled partly or entirely by sails and is smaller than a sailing ship. Distinctions in what constitutes a sailing boat and ship vary by region and maritime culture. Types Although sailboat terminology ...
,
rowboats Rowing is the act of propelling a human-powered watercraft using the sweeping motions of oars to displace water and generate reactional propulsion. Rowing is functionally similar to paddling, but rowing requires oars to be mechanically att ...
,
canoes A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles. In British English, the term ''canoe'' ca ...
, small boats as they do for the captains of large
merchant ships A merchant ship, merchant vessel, trading vessel, or merchantman is a watercraft that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This is in contrast to pleasure craft, which are used for personal recreation, and naval ships, which are ...
. The St. Lawrence River limits the territory of Portneuf regional County (RCM) for nearly 70 km. Along the Chemin du Roi, from one village to another, several spaces allow you to rest, visit, picnic, fish, observe birds, dip your toes in the water. The main attraction remains the docks. In Grondines, the tip of the Anse des Grondines, also known in the vernacular: La Grande Pointe, Pointe de la Laille or Grande pointe de la Laille. The word laille could come from the English light, since there was a lighthouse at the end of the island. According to historian Raymond Douville, this point is the origin of the name Grondines, probably given by the boaters who had to go around, at the rising tide, the many pebbles that the waves hit in dull roars and whose echoes resonated on the escarpments of the coast. * Tide Table, Government of Canada
Statons Grondines - 03325
* Atlas of Tidal Currents, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, fro
Grondines to Portneuf, pages 96 to 107
File:Cap Lauzon 018.jpg, Sign, Cap Lauzon, a strategic location, rue de l'Église File:Cap Lauzon 008.jpg, Wharf of Deschambault, from Cap Lauzon, rue Saint-Joseph File:Cap Lauzon 021.jpg, From Cap Lauzon, rue Saint-Joseph File:Cap Lauzon 006.jpg, From Cap Lauzon, rue Saint-Joseph File:Deschambault Grondines 007.jpg, Tidal flats,
Ardea herodias The great blue heron (''Ardea herodias'') is a large wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae, common near the shores of open water and in wetlands over most of North and Central America, as well as far northwestern South America, the Caribbea ...
. Great blue heron. Great Blue Heron and Killdeer Plover, chemin des Ancêtres File:Deschambault Grondines 020.jpg, Ordinary mill or windmill, tidal flats at low tide, from the wharf File:Anse a Caron 050.jpg, Private Property, Duck Cache Launch File:Domaine Trottier 005.jpg, Private Property, Canal déferrant du Cardinal (Cove), the landfill, back beach File:Deschambault Grondines 078.jpg, Snow, ice and light fog, chemin des Ancêtres File:2020 08 14 046 quai Grondines.jpg, Wharf, breakwater, boat launch, harbour File:Grondines_1998_09_19_24.jpg, Private property, clothesline & Swing, Sir-Lomer-Gouin Road


Geology

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA
« . . . The part of the Grondines map-area underlain by Paleozoic rocks (approximately two-thirds of the whole) is a nearly featureless plain rising in the north and west to 250 feet above sea level, and dropping to tide water level along the Saint-Laurent. »
* '' Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Quebec'' * Grondines area, Geological report.


Ecology

« . . . The Grondines and Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade swamp is one of the last, large, treed swamps on the river. It extends along seven kilometres of shoreline in the St. Lawrence River’s freshwater estuary. The swamp shelters several at-risk species, including plants that are endemic to the freshwater estuary. It is a rare biodiversity hot spot on a global scale, according to the Atlas de la biodiversité du Québec (Quebec biodiversity atlas). » The Grondines and Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade Swamp, A unique ecosystem.
File:Sanguinaria canadensis 009.jpg, ''
Sanguinaria canadensis ''Sanguinaria canadensis'', bloodroot, is a perennial, herbaceous flowering plant native to eastern North America. It is the only species in the genus ''Sanguinaria'', included in the poppy family Papaveraceae, and is most closely related to ' ...
'' L. — Bloodroot File:Physocarpus opulifolius 016.jpg, ''
Physocarpus opulifolius ''Physocarpus opulifolius'', known as common ninebark, Eastern ninebark, Atlantic ninebark, or simply ninebark, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to eastern North America, named for its peeling multi-hued bark ...
'' (L.) Maxim. — Nine-bark File:Hesperis matronalis 024.jpg, ''
Hesperis matronalis ''Hesperis matronalis'' is an herbaceous flowering plant species in the family Brassicaceae. It has numerous common names, including dame's rocket, damask-violet, dame's-violet, dames-wort, dame's gilliflower, night-scented gilliflower, queen' ...
'' L. — Dame's rocket File:Malva moschata 021.jpg, ''
Malva moschata ''Malva moschata'', the musk mallow or musk-mallow, is a species of flowering plant in the family (botany), family Malvaceae, native to Europe and southwestern Asia, from Spain north to the British Isles and Poland, and east to southern Russia an ...
'' L. — Musk mallow File:Centaurea nigra 019.jpg, ''
Centaurea nigra ''Centaurea nigra'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and is also known as lesser knapweed, common knapweed, black knapweed and bell weed. It is native to central Europe, and has been introduced to temperate North America ...
'' L. ― Black knapweed File:Impatiens glandulifera 011.jpg, ''
Impatiens glandulifera ''Impatiens glandulifera'', Himalayan balsam, is a large annual plant native to the Himalayas. Via human introduction it is now present across much of the Northern Hemisphere and is considered an invasive species in many areas. Uprooting or cutt ...
'' Royle. ― Giant Impatiens


Climate


Demographics

Population trend:Statistics Canada:
2006 2006 was designated as the International Year of Deserts and Desertification. Events January * January 1– 4 – Russia temporarily cuts shipment of natural gas to Ukraine during a price dispute. * January 12 – A stampede during t ...
,
2011 The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ...
,
2016 2016 was designated as: * International Year of Pulses by the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly. * International Year of Global Understanding (IYGU) by the International Council for Science (ICSU), the Internationa ...
,
2021 Like the year 2020, 2021 was also heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the emergence of multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 variants. The major global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, which began at the end of 2020, continued ...
census
* Population in 2021: 2,235 (2016 to 2021 population change: 0.7%) * Population in 2016: 2,220 * Population in 2011: 2,131 * Population in 2006: 2,032 Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 1,044 (total dwellings: 1,169) Mother tongue: * English as first language: 0.7% * French as first language: 97.5% * English and French as first language: 0.4% * Other as first language: 1.3%


Attractions

* Saint-Joseph of Deschambault church, classed historical monument in 1964. * The old presbytery of Deschambault, classed historical monument in 1965. * The old mill of Grondines, classed archaeological monument in 1984. * The church of Saint-Charles-Borromée in Grondines. * Presbytery of Grondines, classed historical monument in 1966. * House of the Grolo widow, classed historical monument in 1971. * House of Delisle, classed historical monument in 1963. * House of F.-R.-Neilson-Sewell, classed historical monument in 1978. * The old Chevrotière Mill, classed historical monument in 1976.


References


Further reading

*''Mariages de Deschambault (comté Portneuf) – 1713–1900'', raised by Rosaire Proulx priest, compiled and published by Benoit Pontbriand agronomist, 1966, 213 pages


External links

{{authority control Municipalities in Quebec Incorporated places in Capitale-Nationale