The Department of Classics is an academic division in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at

King's College London King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public university, public research university in London, England. King's was established by royal charter in 1829 under the patronage of George IV of the United Kingdom, King George IV ...

. It is one of the oldest and most distinguished university departments specialising in the study of classical antiquity in the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

History

Foundation

King's College was established in 1829 under the patronage of

George IV George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death in 1830. At the time of his accession to the throne, h ...

. Its

royal charter A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but ...

outlined its mission as "the general education of youth in which the various branches of Literature and Science are intended to be taught, and also the doctrines and duties of Christianity ..inculcated by the United Church of England and Ireland." The College counted among its founders and benefactors the

Duke of Wellington Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they ar ...

, who was

Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

at the time, and a number of other eminent politicians and theologians of the

British Establishment In sociology and in political science, the term the establishment describes the dominant social group, the elite who control a polity, an organization, or an institution. In the praxis of wealth and power, the Establishment usually is a self-s ...

. The College included a Chair of Classical Literature as part of its foundational setup. Classical subjects, along with Law, Literature and Theology, were therefore taught at King's from the day it first formally opened its doors in 1831. The inaugural Professor of Classical Literature was the English scholar

Joseph Anstice Joseph Anstice (1808 – 29 February 1836) was an English classical scholar, and for four years professor of classical literature in King's College London. Biography Anstice born at Madeley Wood Hall, Madeley, Shropshire, second son of William An ...

, whose introductory lecture on the enduring significance of classical education marked the beginning of what is today the Classics Department.

The Tale of Troy

''The Tale of Troy'' is the title given to a series of famous performances in London between 1883 and 1887. George Charles Winter Warr, Professor of Classical Literature from 1879 to 1901, developed an adaptation of the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'' entitled ''The Tale of Troy''. Four performances were scheduled in late May and early June 1883, two in English and two in the original Greek. The goal was to raise sufficient funds to secure premises in

Kensington Kensington is an area of London in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, around west of Central London. The district's commercial heart is Kensington High Street, running on an east–west axis. The north-east is taken up by Kensingt ...

for the newly founded King's College Lectures for Ladies. Although originally planned on a modest scale, the end product was a lavish spectacle staged in the

South Kensington South Kensington is a district at the West End of Central London in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Historically it settled on part of the scattered Middlesex village of Brompton. Its name was supplanted with the advent of the ra ...

mansion of Sir Charles and Lady Freake. The plays were attended by prominent figures in scholarship, art, music, theatre and high society. The production was revived in May 1886, this time to raise funds for the extension of university teaching in London. This expanded version was moved to

Prince's Hall Prince's Hall was a concert venue in Piccadilly, London. It was part of the premises of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, at 190–195 Piccadilly, situated behind the galleries where annual exhibitions of the Institute took place. ...

Piccadilly Piccadilly () is a road in the City of Westminster, London, England, to the south of Mayfair, between Hyde Park Corner in the west and Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is part of the A4 road (England), A4 road that connects central London to ...

and included the story of Orestes, adapted from Aeschylus's ''Oresteian Trilogy''. The Prince and Princess of Wales were also in attendance. The complete final version was published in 1887 under the title ''Echoes of Hellas'' with illustrations by

Walter Crane Walter Crane (15 August 184514 March 1915) was an English artist and book illustrator. He is considered to be the most influential, and among the most prolific, children's book creators of his generation and, along with Randolph Caldecott and Ka ...

The Koraes Chair

The Koraes Chair of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature was established at King's College in 1918 to serve as the focal point in Britain for Hellenic studies beyond antiquity. It was championed by the likes of the Anglo-Hellenic League and by

Eleftherios Venizelos Eleftherios Kyriakou Venizelos (, ; – 18 March 1936) was a Cretan State, Cretan Greeks, Greek statesman and prominent leader of the Greek national liberation movement. As the leader of the Liberal Party (Greece), Liberal Party, Venizelos ser ...

, then Prime Minister of the Hellenic Parliament and a close friend of King's College Principal

Ronald Montagu Burrows Ronald Montagu Burrows (16 August 1867 – 14 May 1920) was a British archaeologist and academic, who served as Principal of King's College London from 1913 to 1920. Early life He was born on 16 August 1867 in Rugby, Warwickshire, England, th ...

. Burrows was himself a famous classical scholar and philhellene. The Koraes Chair is named in honour of Adamantios Koraes, the founding father of the modern Greek nation state. Its inauguration also marked the beginning of the Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, which has itself since been merged into the Department of Classics. The Koraes Chair was recently held by

Roderick Beaton Sir Roderick Macleod Beaton, FBA, FKC (born 29 September 1951)

for a thirty-year period from 1988 to 2018. It is currently held by the Belgian-American scholar

Gonda Van Steen Gonda Aline Hector Van Steen (born 8 April 1964 in Aalst, Belgium) is a Belgian-American classical scholar and Linguistics, linguist, who specialises in ancient and modern Greek language and literature. Since 2018, she has been Koraes Professor o ...

Second World War

The

Parthenon sculptures The Parthenon (; ; ) is a former Ancient Greek temple, temple on the Acropolis of Athens, Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the Greek gods, goddess Athena. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of c ...

were hidden directly underneath the department in the tunnels of the now-disused Strand station during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. They were only brought back to the

British Museum The British Museum is a Museum, public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world. It documents the story of human cu ...

in nearby

Bloomsbury Bloomsbury is a district in the West End of London, part of the London Borough of Camden in England. It is considered a fashionable residential area, and is the location of numerous cultural institution, cultural, intellectual, and educational ...

in 1948, where they have remained since. The work of the original Chair of Classical Literature was split into two separate Chairs of Greek and Latin during this period.

Modern Era

The Centre for Hellenic Studies (CHS) was established at the Department in 1989 to promote research and scholarship of Hellenic history, culture and language. On

Greek Independence Day The celebration of the Greek Revolution of 1821 (Greek: Εορτασμός της Ελληνικής Επανάστασης του 1821, ''Eortasmós tis Ellinikís Epanástasis tou 1821''), less commonly known as Independence Day, takes place i ...

in 2010, plans were announced for the CHS to include teaching alongside its research activities. Under these new arrangements the CHS also came to incorporate the Department of Byzantine & Modern Greek Studies. A public dispute arose in 2010 over plans to axe the last Chair of Paleography in the

and wider English speaking world. Principal

Rick Trainor Sir Richard Hughes Trainor, (born 31 December 1948), is a retired academic administrator and historian. He served as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Greenwich from 2000 to 2004, the Principal and latterly also president of King's Col ...

announced the controversial plans as part of a College restructuring project. The issue was debated as an

Early Day Motion In the Westminster parliamentary system, an early day motion (EDM) is a motion, expressed as a single sentence, tabled by a member of Parliament, which the Government (in charge of parliamentary business) has not yet scheduled for debate. Hi ...

Parliament In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

. The British parliamentarian

Boris Johnson Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (born 19 June 1964) is a British politician and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 2019 to 2022. He wa ...

visited the College in 2011 as

Mayor of London The mayor of London is the chief executive of the Greater London Authority. The role was created in 2000 after the Greater London devolution referendum in 1998, and was the first directly elected mayor in the United Kingdom. The current ...

to deliver a speech on the importance of classical education. In 2014, the Centre for Hellenic Studies merged its teaching and research activities with the Department of Classics. The CHS continues to be a prominent research centre of its own in the Arts & Humanities Research Institute (AHRI).

Location

The Department of Classics is located on the historic

Strand Strand or The Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline * Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa * Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * ...

. It occupies a set of buildings at the corner of

Surrey Street Surrey Street in the City of Westminster, London, runs from Strand in the north to Temple Place in the south. It was built on land once occupied by Arundel House and its gardens. History Surrey Street was built on land once occupied by Arund ...

which are linked internally through a series of corridors and staircases. 169 Strand was purpose-built for College use in 1928 above the disused Strand station and features the old King's coat of arms on its facade. The

Royal Strand Theatre The Royal Strand Theatre was located in the Strand in the City of Westminster. The theatre was built on the site of a panorama in 1832, and in 1882 was rebuilt by the prolific theatre architect Charles J. Phipps. It was demolished in 1905 to ...

stood on this site from 1832 until its demolition in 1905. 170 Strand contains offices, teaching rooms and the department common room with a balcony overlooking the street. 171 Strand is a corner house with retail operating on ground floor level. Academic offices extend along 39 to 41

. The King's College London Rifle & Pistol Club (KCLRPC) has occupied the

underground tunnels beneath the department as their shooting range since the 1920s. The vaults at the rear of the

buildings house the old Roman Baths on Strand Lane.

Reputation

In the most recent

Research Excellence Framework The Research Excellence Framework (REF) is a research impact evaluation of British Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It is the successor to the Research Assessment Exercise and it was first used in 2014 to assess the period 2008–2013. REF is ...

(2014), the department ranked 7th out of 22 in the

for research. The

Complete University Guide Three national rankings of universities in the United Kingdom are published annually by the ''Complete University Guide'' and ''The Guardian'', as well as a collaborative list by ''The Times'' and ''The Sunday Times''. Rankings have also been pro ...

ranked Classics at King's as 11th nationally in 2019, and in its 2022 Guide, it ranked Classics as 16th and history (inclusive of ancient history) at 10th. In 2018, the

QS World University Rankings The ''QS World University Rankings'' is a portfolio of comparative college and university rankings compiled by Quacquarelli Symonds, a higher education analytics firm. Its first and earliest edition was published in collaboration with '' Times ...

ranked the department at 5th nationally and 21st globally. In the Guardian University Guide, Classics & ancient history at King's was rated 22nd out of 26 in 2020, rising to 15th out of 25 in 2021.

Traditions

The King's Greek Play has been an annual tradition since 1953. It is the only dramatic production in the

to be performed every year in the original

ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

language. The production has also previously toured

America The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

and

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

. The Department of Classics houses a physical archive of related materials and recordings. Every year on the first Thursday of February, the department hosts its annual Runciman Lecture named in honour of

Sir Steven Runciman Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman (7 July 1903 – 1 November 2000), known as Steven Runciman, was an English historian best known for his three-volume ''A History of the Crusades'' (1951–54). His works had a profound impact on the popular ...

. The lectures were established in the early 1990s and funded in perpetuity by the Czech count and artist Nicholas Egon. The event is traditionally preceded by an Orthodox Vespers in the College Chapel on the Strand. The Jamie Rumble Memorial Fund was established in 2013 through a major donation from a former student. The Rumble Fund sponsors field trips where students have the opportunity to engage directly with the classical lands in their studies. Travel destinations have so far included

Athens Athens ( ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Greece, largest city of Greece. A significant coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the Attica (region), Attica region and is the southe ...

and

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, with future trips to sites in

Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...

Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

and

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

proposed. The Rumble Fund also subsidises an annual guest lecture in classical art. The Department of Classics also supports the Iris Project, an educational charity designed to promote study of the classical world to

state schools A state school, public school, or government school is a primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge. They are funded in whole or in part by taxation and operated by the government of the state. State-funded schools a ...

in the

. Students in the department have the opportunity to teach Latin to disadvantaged children. Student life in the department is administered by the Classics Society (formerly the Classical Society). The Society publishes a journal titled the ''New Satyrica''. A new undergraduate research journal, ''Kerberos'', was also launched in 2018. There is a common room at 170

which previously housed the departmental library. The Classics Society hosts an annual Winter Ball.

People

Academics

, Professor of Classical Literature (1831-1835) *George Charles Winter Warr, Professor of Classical Literature (1879-1901) *

Arnold Joseph Toynbee Arnold Joseph Toynbee (; 14 April 1889 – 22 October 1975) was an English historian, a philosopher of history, an author of numerous books and a research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and King's Colleg ...

, Koraes Professor of Modern Greek & Byzantine History, Language & Literature (1919-1924) * Edwyn Robert Bevan, Lecturer in Hellenistic History and Literature (1922-1933) *

Leonard Robert Palmer Leonard Robert Palmer (5 June 1906, Bristol – 26 August 1984, Pitney, Somerset) was author and Professor of Comparative Philology at the University of Oxford from 1952 to 1971. He was also a Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford. Palmer made so ...

, Professor of Classical Literature (1945-1946), Professor of Greek Language & Literature (1946-1952) *

Romilly James Heald Jenkins Romilly James Heald Jenkins (1907 – 30 September 1969) was a British scholar in Byzantine and Modern Greek studies. He occupied the prestigious seat of Koraes Professor of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature at King's C ...

, Koraes Professor of Modern Greek & Byzantine History, Language & Literature (1946-1960) * Reginald Pepys Winnington-Ingram, Professor of Greek Language & Literature (1953-1971) *

Howard Hayes Scullard Howard Hayes Scullard (9 February 1903 – 31 March 1983) was a British historian specialising in ancient history, notable for editing the '' Oxford Classical Dictionary'' and for his many published works. Life and career Scullard's father ...

, Professor of Ancient History (1959-1970) * Cyril Alexander Mango, Koraes Professor of Modern Greek & Byzantine History, Language & Literature (1963-1968) * Donald MacGillivray Nicol, Koraes Professor of Modern Greek & Byzantine History, Language & Literature (1970-1988) * Alan Cameron, Professor of Latin Language & Literature (1972-1977) * John Barron, Professor of Greek Language and Literature (1971–1980), Head of Department (1972–1984), Dean of the

Faculty of Arts A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In North America, academic divisions are sometimes titled colleges, sc ...

(1976–1980), Director of the

Institute of Classical Studies The Institute of Classical Studies is a research institution associated with the University of London and a member of the School of Advanced Study. The institute is a national and international research institute in the languages, literature, hi ...

(1984–1991), Dean of the Institute of Advanced Study (1989–1991) * Averil Millicent Cameron, Professor of Ancient History (1978-1989) * Geoffrey Waywell, Professor of Classical Archaeology (1987-2004) *

Roderick Beaton Sir Roderick Macleod Beaton, FBA, FKC (born 29 September 1951)

, Koraes Professor of Modern Greek & Byzantine History, Language & Literature (1988-2018) * Michael Silk, Emeritus Professor of Classical & Comparative Literature *

Judith Herrin Judith Herrin (; born 1942) is an English archaeologist, byzantinist, and historian of Late Antiquity. She was a professor of Late Antique and Byzantine studies and the Constantine Leventis Senior Research Fellow at King's College London (now ...

, Constantine Leventis Senior Research Fellow *

Charlotte Roueché Charlotte Roueché (née Wrinch) (born 1946) is a British academic who specialises in the analysis of texts, inscribed or in manuscripts, from the Roman, Late Antique, and Byzantine periods. She is particularly interested in those from the Asia ...

, Professor Emeritus of Digital Hellenic Studies * Mary Beard, Lecturer in Classics (1979-1983) *William Fitzgerald, Professor of Latin Language & Literature *

Edith Hall Edith Hall, (born 4 March 1959) is a British scholar of classics, specialising in ancient Greek literature and cultural history, and professor in the Department of Classics and Ancient History at Durham University. She is a Fellow of the Bri ...

, Professor of Classics *

, Koraes Professor of Modern Greek & Byzantine History, Language & Literature

Alumni

File:Alfred John Church.png,

Alfred John Church Alfred John Church (29 January 1829 – 27 April 1912) was an English classical scholar. Church was born in London and was educated at King's College, London, and Lincoln College, Oxford. He took holy orders and was an assistant-master at Merch ...

File:M. P. Shiel.jpg, Matthew Phipps Shiell File:Roger being interviewed for TV (cropped).jpg,

Roger Bland Roger Farrant Bland, (born 3 April 1955) is a British curator and numismatist. At the British Museum, he served as Keeper of the Department of Portable Antiquities and Treasure from 2005 to 2013, Keeper of the Department of Prehistory and Europ ...

File:George Charles Beresford - Virginia Woolf in 1902 - Restoration.jpg,

Virginia Woolf Adeline Virginia Woolf (; ; 25 January 1882 28 March 1941) was an English writer and one of the most influential 20th-century modernist authors. She helped to pioneer the use of stream of consciousness narration as a literary device. Vir ...

* Alex Beard, Chief Executive of the

Royal Opera House The Royal Opera House (ROH) is a theatre in Covent Garden, central London. The building is often referred to as simply Covent Garden, after a previous use of the site. The ROH is the main home of The Royal Opera, The Royal Ballet, and the Orch ...

, Professor of Latin at

University College London University College London (Trade name, branded as UCL) is a Public university, public research university in London, England. It is a Member institutions of the University of London, member institution of the Federal university, federal Uni ...

(1880-1888) * Anthony Crockett,

Bishop of Bangor The Bishop of Bangor is the Ordinary (officer), ordinary of the Diocese of Bangor of the Church in Wales. The Episcopal see, see is based in the city of Bangor where the bishop's seat (''cathedra'') is at Bangor Cathedral, Cathedral Church of Sa ...

(2004-2008) *Donald William James Woodman, Headmaster of

Portadown College Portadown College is an academically selective, co-educational post-14 grammar school in Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. History Preparatory Department Portadown College Preparatory Department was founded in 1921 as the Carlet ...

(1946-1973) *

Dorothy King Dorothy Louise Victoria Lobel King (born 1975) is an American author who lives and works in England. Childhood and education King was born and raised in London where her American father, James King, ran a branch of Oppenheimer & Co. She spent ...

, author and archaeologist *Edward Perchard, Editor of Resource Media *Emily Parker, Tours & Choir Manager at

Monteverdi Choir The Monteverdi Choir was founded in 1964 by Sir John Eliot Gardiner for a performance of the ''Vespro della Beata Vergine'' in King's College Chapel, Cambridge. A specialist Baroque ensemble, the Choir has become famous for its stylistic conv ...

*Francesca Spiegel, academic at

Humboldt University of Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. The university was established by Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humbol ...

*Jack Baldwin, West End actor *Jacob Lipton, Programme Director of the Systemic Justice Project,

Harvard Law School Harvard Law School (HLS) is the law school of Harvard University, a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, Harvard Law School is the oldest law school in continuous operation in the United ...

*Jacob Samuel Klein, Associate Professor of Philosophy,

Colgate University Colgate University is a Private university, private college in Hamilton, New York, United States. The Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college was founded in 1819 as the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York ...

*John Manners-Bell, Chair of the Logistics and Supply Chain Global Agenda Council of the

World Economic Forum The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental organization, international advocacy non-governmental organization and think tank, based in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded on 24 January 1971 by German ...

*John Psaropoulos, Editor-in-chief of

Athens News ''Athens News'' was an English-language newspaper published in Greece. The paper had regular sections covering aspects of Greek news such as politics, social issues, business, arts & entertainment and sports, as well as international news. Featur ...

(1999-2009) *Julia Jordan, lecturer at

*Marie Louise Cookson, narrator and voice over artist * Matthew Phipps Shiell, writer *Nona Shepphard, Associate Director at the

Royal Academy of Dramatic Art The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, also known by its abbreviation RADA (), is a drama school in London, England, which provides vocational conservatoire training for theatre, film, television, and radio. It is based in Bloomsbury, Central London ...

*Michael Harley, pastor and committee member of the

Trinitarian Bible Society The Trinitarian Bible Society was founded in 1831 "to promote the Glory of God and the salvation of men by circulating, both at home and abroad, in dependence on the Divine blessing, the Holy Scriptures, which are given by inspiration of God and a ...

Philip Egan Philip Anthony Egan (born 14 November 1955) is an English Catholic prelate who has served as the eighth Bishop of Portsmouth since 2012. Early life Egan was born in Altrincham, a suburb of Manchester. He was educated at St Ambrose College, ...

, Bishop of Portsmouth *Ralph Jackman, writer *

, former curator at the

and Senior Fellow of the

McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research is a research institute of the University of Cambridge in England. History The institute was established in 1990 through a benefaction from the late Dr Daniel McLean McDonald, a successful in ...

University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, wo ...

, writer and pioneering

modernist Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), subjective experience. Philosophy, politics, architecture, and soc ...

References

External

{{DEFAULTSORT:Department Of Classics, King's College London Departments of King's College London 1831 establishments in England 1831 establishments in the United Kingdom