In telecommunication, data signaling rate (DSR), also known as gross bit rate, is the aggregate rate at which data passes a point in the

transmission Transmission may refer to: Medicine, science and technology * Power transmission ** Electric power transmission ** Propulsion transmission, technology allowing controlled application of power *** Automatic transmission *** Manual transmission *** ...

path of a data transmission system. # The DSR is usually expressed in

bits per second In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable ''R'') is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction w ...

. # The data

signaling In signal processing, a signal is a function that conveys information about a phenomenon. Any quantity that can vary over space or time can be used as a signal to share messages between observers. The ''IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing'' ...

rate is given by

\sum_^ \frac

where ''m'' is the number of parallel channels, ''n_i'' is the number of significant conditions of the

modulation In electronics and telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the ''carrier signal'', with a separate signal called the ''modulation signal'' that typically contains informatio ...

in the ''i''-th

channel Channel, channels, channeling, etc., may refer to: Geography * Channel (geography), in physical geography, a landform consisting of the outline (banks) of the path of a narrow body of water. Australia * Channel Country, region of outback Austral ...

, and ''T_i'' is the unit interval, expressed in seconds, for the ''i''-th channel. # For serial transmission in a single channel, the DSR reduces to (1/''T'')log₂''n''; with a two-condition modulation, i. e. ''n'' = 2, the DSR is 1/''T'', according to Hartley's law. # For parallel transmission with equal unit intervals and equal numbers of significant conditions on each channel, the DSR is (''m''/''T'')log₂''n''; in the case of a two-condition

, this reduces to ''m''/''T''. # The DSR may be expressed in

baud In telecommunication and electronics, baud (; symbol: Bd) is a common unit of measurement of symbol rate, which is one of the components that determine the speed of communication over a data channel. It is the unit for symbol rate or modulatio ...

s, in which case, the factor log₂''n_i'' in the above summation formula should be deleted when calculating bauds. # In synchronous binary

, the DSR in

may be numerically the same as the

modulation rate In a digitally modulated signal or a line code, symbol rate, modulation rate or baud rate is the number of symbol changes, waveform changes, or signaling events across the transmission medium per unit of time. The symbol rate is measured in ''b ...

expressed in bauds. Signal processors, such as four- phase modems, cannot change the DSR, but the modulation rate depends on the

line Line most often refers to: * Line (geometry), object with zero thickness and curvature that stretches to infinity * Telephone line, a single-user circuit on a telephone communication system Line, lines, The Line, or LINE may also refer to: Arts ...

modulation scheme, in accordance with Note 4. For example, in a 2400 bit/s 4-phase sending modem, the signaling rate is 2400 bit/s on the serial input side, but the modulation rate is only 1200 bauds on the 4-phase output side.

Maximum rate

The ''maximum user signaling rate'', synonymous to gross bit rate or data signaling rate, is the maximum rate, in

, at which binary information can be transferred in a given direction between users over the telecommunications system facilities dedicated to a particular information transfer transaction, under conditions of continuous

and no overhead information. For a single channel, the

rate is given by

SCSR = \frac

, where ''SCSR'' is the single-channel signaling rate in bits per second, ''T'' is the minimum time interval in seconds for which each level must be maintained, and n is the number of significant conditions of

of the channel. In the case where an individual end-to-end telecommunications service is provided by parallel channels, the parallel-channel signaling rate is given by

PCSR = \sum_^ \frac

, where ''PCSR'' is the total

rate for ''m'' channels, ''m'' is the number of parallel channels, ''T_i'' is the minimum interval between significant instants for the ''I''-th channel, and ''n_i'' is the number of significant conditions of

for the ''I''-th channel. In the case where an end-to-end telecommunications service is provided by tandem channels, the end-to-end signaling rate is the lowest signaling rate among the component channels.

Rates and standards

References

* {{FS1037C Data transmission Temporal rates

Maximum rate

Rates and standards

See also

References