''Dactylorhiza'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the orchid

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...

. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''

Orchis ''Orchis'' is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), occurring mainly in Europe and Maghreb, Northwest Africa, and ranging as far as Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang. The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις ''orchis'', meaning "testicl ...

'', which has two round tubers.

Description

They are hardy

tuber Tubers are a type of enlarged structure that plants use as storage organs for nutrients, derived from stems or roots. Tubers help plants perennate (survive winter or dry months), provide energy and nutrients, and are a means of asexual reproduc ...

ous geophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions. The tuber is flattened and finger-like. The long

leaves A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...

are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long

stem Stem or STEM most commonly refers to: * Plant stem, a structural axis of a vascular plant * Stem group * Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics Stem or STEM can also refer to: Language and writing * Word stem, part of a word respon ...

which reaches a height of . Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem. The

inflorescence In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a mai ...

, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact

raceme A raceme () or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate growth, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are ...

with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are white and all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.

Taxonomy

Etymology

The name ''Dactylorhiza'' is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος ''daktylos'' 'finger' and ῥίζα ''rhiza'' 'root', referring to the palmately two- to five-lobed tubers of this genus.

Species

Many

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

in this genus hybridise so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague (but see), with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as pulverised fuel ash, where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them. 34 species are accepted. *'' Dactylorhiza aristata'' – keyflower, eastern China to southern Alaska *'' Dactylorhiza armeniaca'' – Turkey and western Transcaucasia *'' Dactylorhiza bucovina'' – Romania *'' Dactylorhiza cantabrica'' – northwestern Spain *'' Dactylorhiza cyrnea'' – Corsica *'' Dactylorhiza czerniakowskae'' – Central Asia *'' Dactylorhiza elata'' – stately Dactylorhiza, western Europe to northwestern Africa *'' Dactylorhiza elcitoi'' – eastern Italy *'' Dactylorhiza euxina'' – north-central and northeastern Turkey and the Caucasus *'' Dactylorhiza foliosa'' – richly leaved Dactylorhiza, Madeira *'' Dactylorhiza francis-drucei'' – Great Britain and Ireland **''Dactylorhiza francis-drucei'' var. ''ebudensis'' **''Dactylorhiza francis-drucei'' subsp. ''francis-drucei'' ** ''Dactylorhiza francis-drucei'' subsp. ''traunsteinerioides'' *'' Dactylorhiza gervasiana'' – Southern Italy, Corsica, Sicily, and Algeria *'' Dactylorhiza graggeriana'' – western Himalayas *'' Dactylorhiza hatagirea'' – Pakistan, Himalayas, Tibet, Xinjiang, Mongolia and northern and central China *'' Dactylorhiza iberica'' – Greece, Turkey, Levant, Caucasus, and Iran *'' Dactylorhiza incarnata'' – early marsh orchid, Europe to western and central Asia, Siberia, and Mongolia **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''cilicica'' **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''coccinea'' ** ''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' – (Europe to Turkey) **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''gemmana'' – (W. Europe) **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' – (Europe to Mongolia). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''krylovii'' – (W. Europe to Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' – (Europe) **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' – (Europe) **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''versicolor'' – (Europe) *'' Dactylorhiza insularis'' – island Dactylorhiza, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and Morocco *'' Dactylorhiza isculana'' – Austria *'' Dactylorhiza kafiriana'' – northeastern Afghanistan to western Himalayas *'' Dactylorhiza kulikalonica'' – Central Asia *'' Dactylorhiza maculata'' – heath spotted orchid or moorland spotted orchid, northwestern Africa, Europe, Turkey, Siberia, Mongolia, and Xinjiang ** ''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' (synonym ''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' ) – common spotted orchid, Fuch's dactylorhiza (Europe to Siberia) **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maculata'' – (Europe to Siberia) **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maurusia'' – (Morocco) **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'' **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''sooana'' **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' nothosubsp. ''transiens'' *'' Dactylorhiza magna'' – Central Asia *'' Dactylorhiza majalis'' – broad-leaved marsh orchid western marsh orchid, fan orchid, or common marsh orchid, Europe ** ''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''baltica'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''calcifugiens'' – (Denmark) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''cordigera'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''elatior'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' nothosubsp. ''godferyana'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''kalopissii'' ** ''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''lapponica'' (synonyms ''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' and ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' ) – (Europe to western Siberia) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''macedonica'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'' – (Europe) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''nieschalkiorum'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'' (synonym ''Dactylorhiza kerryensis'' ) – Irish marsh orchid (W. & SW. Ireland, N. Great Britain) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''pindica'' ** ''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''praetermissa'' (synonym ''Dactylorhiza praetermissa'' ) – leopard marsh orchid, southern marsh orchid (W. & NW. Europe) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' – (

Samos Samos (, also ; , ) is a Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese archipelago, and off the coast of western Turkey, from which it is separated by the Mycale Strait. It is also a separate reg ...

) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''sphagnicola'' *'' Dactylorhiza phoenissa'' – Lebanon *'' Dactylorhiza purpurella'' – northern marsh orchid, Great Britain and Ireland **''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. ''cambrensis'' **''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. ''purpurella'' *'' Dactylorhiza romana'' – Roman Dactylorhiza, Mediterranean, Caucasus, and western Asia **''Dactylorhiza romana'' subsp. ''georgica'' **''Dactylorhiza romana'' subsp. ''guimaraesii'' **''Dactylorhiza romana'' subsp. ''romana'' – Markus' Dactylorhiza (N. Portugal to W. Spain and Italy). *'' Dactylorhiza russowii'' – Germany to Finland and eastern European Russia to central Siberia *'' Dactylorhiza sajanensis'' – central Siberia *'' Dactylorhiza salina'' – Caucasus to Central Asia and Amur *'' Dactylorhiza sambucina'' – elder-flowered orchid, Europe ( Photos) *'' Dactylorhiza sibirica'' – central Siberia *'' Dactylorhiza stortonii'' – eastern Italy *'' Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' – northern and northeastern Turkey, Caucasus, and Iran *'' Dactylorhiza viridis'' – Frog orchid, subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere **''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''virescens'' – (Temp. Asia, N. America) **''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''viridis'' – (subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere)

Hybrids

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

accepts the following inter-specific hybrids. Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = a hybrid variety. *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''abantiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''nieschalkiorum'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''altobracensis'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Austria, France, and Italy *''Dactylorhiza × alutiiqorum'' (''D. aristata'' × ''D. viridis'') – Aleutian Islands *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'') – W. & C. Europe) **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''aschersoniana'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'') – W. & C. Europe **''Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''ishorica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''baltica'') – northwestern European Russia **''Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana'' nothovar. ''mulignensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'') – Germany and Switzerland **''Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''predaensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'') – Austria and Switzerland **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''templinensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. majalis'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''baicalica '' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. salina'') – Buryatia *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''balabaniana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') – Lebanon and Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bayburtiana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. umbrosa'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''beckeriana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''boluiana'' (''D. nieschalkiorum'' × ''D. saccifera'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') – Spain to central Europe and Ukraine **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''braunii'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'') – Spain to central Europe and Ukraine **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''lilacina'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'') – Czechoslovakia *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''conigera'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. viridis'') – France, Great Britain, and Iceland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''daunia'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''pindica'') – Greece and Italy *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''delamainii'' (''D. elata'' × ''D. maculata'') – France *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''drucei'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. viridis'') – Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Great Britain, and Iceland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dubreuilhii'' (''D. elata'' × ''D. incarnata'') – France and Spain *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftiana'' (''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''lapponica'') – France to middle Europe and the Baltic states *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''erdingeri'' (''D. sambucina'' × ''D. viridis'') – Austria, Czechoslovakia, and France *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''flixensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''lapponica'') – Switzerland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''fourkensis'' (''D. majalis'' subsp. ''pindica '' × ''D. sambucina'') – Greece *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gabretana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''grandis'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') – Benelux, France, Great Britain, and Sweden *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guilhotii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. viridis'') – France and Great Britain *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guillaumeae'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. sambucina'') – France and Italy *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gustavssonii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'') – Greece and Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' – Belgium, France, Great Britain, Netherlands ( Unplaced) *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''influenza'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. sambucina'') Austria, Italy *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''katarana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''kalopissii'') – Greece *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'') – western and central Europe and East European Russia ** ''Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''ampolai'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'') – Austria, France, Ireland, Italy, and Switzerland ** ''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''kerneriorum'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'') – Spain to Poland, Romania, and eastern European Russia ** ''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''lillsundica'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'') – Austria, France, and Sweden *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''latirella'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. purpurella'') – Germany, Great Britain, and Ireland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''lehmannii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. russowii'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''megapolitana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. russowii'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''metsowonensis'' (''D. majalis'' subsp. ''kalopissii'' × ''D. sambucina'' – Greece *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mixta'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. viridis'') – Austria, Italy, France, Great Britain, Ireland, and Norway *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ornonensis'' (''D. elata'' × ''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') – France *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''perez-chiscanoi'' (''D. elata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''lapponica'') – Spain *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rizeana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. urvilleana'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rombucina'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Italy *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ruppertii'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, and Switzerland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''salteri'' (''D. majalis'' subsp. ''praetermissa'' × ''D. purpurella'') – Great Britain *''Dactylorhiza × senayi'' ( (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') – Spain to Czechoslovakia and Sweden *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serbica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''saccifera'') – Italy and Yugoslavia *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sivasiana'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cilicica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''szaboiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''maculata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''cordigera'') – Romania *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vallis-peenae'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. russowii'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. purpurella'') – Great Britain and Ireland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''viridella'' (''D. purpurella'' × ''D. viridis'') – Great Britain and Ireland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vitosana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Bulgaria *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vogtiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. incarnata'') – Turkey

Distribution and habitat

These terrestrial orchids grow in basic soils in

wet meadow A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are Solubility, saturated for part or all of the growing season which prevents the growth of trees and brush. Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of ...

bog A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and musk ...

heath A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and is characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a coole ...

land and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are distributed throughout the

subarctic The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of hemiboreal regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Fennoscandia, Northwestern Russia, Siberia, and the Cair ...

and

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

northern hemisphere. It is found across much of

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

and

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

from

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

and

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

and

Kamchatka The Kamchatka Peninsula (, ) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about . The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk make up the peninsula's eastern and western coastlines, respectively. Immediately offshore along the Pacific ...

, including

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

, the

Middle East The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western Eur ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

Scandinavia Scandinavia is a subregion#Europe, subregion of northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

, the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

, etc. Inclusion of the widespread frog orchid, often called '' Coeloglossum viride'', into ''Dactylorhiza'' as per some recent classifications,Bateman, R.M. (2009). Evolutionary classification of European orchids: the crucial importance of maximising explicit evidence and minimising authoritarian speculation. Journal Europäischer Orchideen 41: 243-318. s ''Dactylorhiza viridis''/ref> expands the genus distribution to include

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

and much of the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ''Dactylorhiza''
/ref>

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * *

External links

* *
Flora of North America Genus page

Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) in European Russia: combined molecular and morphological analysis

Dactylorhiza picture database

Mayank Thakur and V. K. Dixit, ''Aphrodisiac Activity of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo in Male Albino Rats'', Oxford Journals, Medicine, Evidence-based Compl. and Alt. Medicine, Volume 4, Supplement 1, p. 29-31
{{Authority control Orchideae genera