__NOTOC__ ''Cydia'' is a large

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

tortrix moth The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the genus ...

s, belonging to the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

Grapholitini Grapholitini is a tribe of tortrix moth The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the s ...

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Olethreutinae. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

Grapholita ''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a) Taxonomy and systematics Georg Friedrich T ...

'' requires further study.Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009a)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae
&ndash
Genus ''Cydia'' account
Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009b)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae
&ndash
''Cydia'' species list
Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.Savela, Markku (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms &ndash

Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.Savela, Markku (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms &ndash

Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19. Moths in this genus are generally small and dull brown; their caterpillars are yellow or white and wormlike. ''Cydia'' includes many

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

of economic importance due to the damage their

caterpillar Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder Sym ...

s inflict as pests of agricultural

crop A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. When the plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop. Most crops are cultivated in agriculture or hydroponic ...

s, especially

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...

and

nut Nut often refers to: * Nut (fruit), fruit composed of a hard shell and a seed, or a collective noun for dry and edible fruits or seeds * Nut (hardware), fastener used with a bolt Nut or Nuts may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Co ...

trees. On the other hand, some ''Cydia'' species have been used for

biological control Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases, using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also invo ...

invasive weed An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...

s, and many of these small moths and their caterpillars are an important food source for other animals. A few species from the

Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kur ...

are suspected to be

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

due to disappearance of their food plants. Another well-known species is the jumping bean moth ('' C. saltitans''), whose caterpillars live in ''

Sebastiania ''Sebastiania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae first described in 1821. It is native to North and South America from Arizona and the West Indies south to Uruguay.Webster, G. L. & M.J. Huft. 1988. Revised synopsis of Pa ...

'' seeds, turning them into the famous "

Mexican jumping bean Mexican jumping beans (also known as ' in Spanish) are seed pods that have been inhabited by the larva of a small moth (''Cydia saltitans'') and are native to Mexico. The "bean" is usually tan to brown. They are from the shrub '' Sebastiania pa ...

s".

Species

Roughly 215

are currently recognized in ''Cydia'', though as noted above, the list is provisional: * '' Cydia acerivora'' (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968) * '' Cydia adenocarpi'' (Ragonot, 1875) * '' Cydia alabastrina'' Diakonoff, 1983 * '' Cydia alazon'' (Diakonoff, 1976) * '' Cydia albimaculana'' (Fernald, 1879) * '' Cydia albipicta'' (Sauter, 1968) * '' Cydia alienana'' (Caradja, 1916) * '' Cydia americana'' (Walsingham, 1879) * '' Cydia amplana'' – rusty oak moth * '' Cydia amurensis'' (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968) * '' Cydia anaranjada'' – slash pine seedworm moth * '' Cydia aphrosema'' Diakonoff, 1987 * '' Cydia aphrospila'' (Meyrick, 1921) * '' Cydia araucariae'' (Pastrana, 1951) * '' Cydia archaeochrysa'' Diakonoff, 1986 * '' Cydia astragalana'' (Staudinger, 1871) * '' Cydia atlantica'' Chambon & Frérot, 1985 * '' Cydia blackmoreana'' (Walsingham, 1903) * '' Cydia bracteatana'' (Fernald in Comstock, 1881) * '' Cydia brownorum'' Rose & Pooni, 2003 * '' Cydia callizona'' (Meyrick, 1911) * '' Cydia canariensis'' (Kuznetzov, 1972) * '' Cydia candana'' (Forbes, 1923) * '' Cydia caradjana'' (Rebel, 1910) * '' Cydia caryana'' – hickory shuckworm moth * '' Cydia celiae'' (Clarke, 1976) * '' Cydia charops'' (Diakonoff, 1971) * '' Cydia chelias'' (Meyrick, 1907) * '' Cydia chlorostola'' (possibly

) * '' Cydia cognatana'' (Barrett, 1874) * '' Cydia colorana'' Kearfott, 1907 * '' Cydia commensalana'' (Danilevsky, 1963) * '' Cydia confusana'' (McDunnough, 1935) * '' Cydia conicolana'' (Heylaerts, 1874) * '' Cydia coniferana'' (Saxesen in Ratzeburg, 1840) * '' Cydia conoterma'' (Meyrick, 1922) * '' Cydia conspicua'' * '' Cydia cornucopiae'' (Tengstrom, 1869) * '' Cydia corollana'' (Hübner,

823 __NOTOC__ Year 823 ( DCCCXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Emperor Michael II defeats the rebel forces under Thomas the Sla ...

* '' Cydia cosmophorana'' * '' Cydia costastrigulana'' (McDunnough, 1935) * '' Cydia crassicornis'' (possibly extinct) * '' Cydia cryptomeriae'' (Issiki in Issiki & Mutuura, 1961) * '' Cydia cupressana'' Kearfott, 1907 * '' Cydia curiosa'' Razowski, 2009 * '' Cydia curitibana'' Schönherr, 1987 * '' Cydia curvivalva'' Liu & Yan, 1998 * '' Cydia cytisanthana'' Burmann & Pröse, 1988 * '' Cydia dadionopa'' (Diakonoff, 1976) * '' Cydia daedalota'' (Meyrick, 1916) * '' Cydia dalbergiacola'' Liu, 1992 * '' Cydia damascana'' (Razowski, 1966) * '' Cydia danilevskyi'' (Kuznetzov, 1973) * '' Cydia defensa'' (Meyrick, 1922) * '' Cydia derrai'' Pröse, 1988 * '' Cydia deyana'' (Chrétien, 1915) * '' Cydia dissulta'' Diakonoff, 1983 * '' Cydia dochmasima'' Diakonoff, 1987 * '' Cydia doria'' (Clarke, 1976) * ''

Cydia duplicana ''Cydia duplicana'' is a small moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in all across Europe, extending barely into Asia in the Transcaucasus, Turkestan and Kazakhstan. The wingspan is 13–19 mm. Adults are on wing from May or June to ...

'' * '' Cydia elpore'' (Diakonoff, 1976) * '' Cydia ergoda'' Razowski, 2013 * '' Cydia ermolenkoi'' (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968) * '' Cydia erotella'' (Heinrich, 1923) * '' Cydia ethelinda'' (Meyrick, 1934) * '' Cydia eucyanea'' Walsingham, 1914 * '' Cydia eudesma'' Walsingham, 1914 * '' Cydia exquisitana'' (Rebel, 1889) * '' Cydia fabivora'' (Meyrick, 1928) * '' Cydia fagiglandana'' – beech moth * '' Cydia fahlbergiana'' (Thunberg, 1797) * '' Cydia falsifalcellum'' * '' Cydia farsica'' (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968) * '' Cydia fletcherana'' (Kearfott, 1907) * '' Cydia flexiloqua'' (Heinrich, 1926) * '' Cydia gallaesaliciana'' (Riley, 1881) * '' Cydia garacana'' (Kearfott, 1907) * '' Cydia gilviciliana'' (Staudinger, 1859) * '' Cydia glandicolana'' * '' Cydia grandicula'' (Heinrich, 1926) * '' Cydia grunertiana'' (Ratzeburg, 1868) * '' Cydia guttifera'' (Meyrick, 1913) * '' Cydia gypsograpta'' (possibly extinct) * '' Cydia honorana'' (Herrich-Schffer, 1851) * '' Cydia hygrotrema'' (Diakonoff, 1971) * '' Cydia ilipulana'' (Walsingham, 1903) * '' Cydia illustrana'' (Kuznetzov in Ler, 1986) * ''

Cydia illutana __NOTOC__ ''Cydia illutana'' is a small moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from western and central Europe (Great Britain, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany and France), north to Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland) and east ...

'' * '' Cydia indivisa'' * '' Cydia infausta'' (Walsingham, 1900) * '' Cydia inflata'' (Meyrick, 1916) * '' Cydia informosana'' (Walker, 1863) * '' Cydia ingens'' – longleaf pine seedworm moth * '' Cydia ingrata'' (Heinrich, 1926) * '' Cydia injectiva'' (Heinrich, 1926) * '' Cydia inopiosa'' (Heinrich, 1926) * '' Cydia inquinatana'' * '' Cydia interscindana'' (Möschler, 1866) * '' Cydia intexta'' (Kawabe, 1980) * '' Cydia japonensis'' Kawabe, 1980 * '' Cydia johanssoni'' Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993 * '' Cydia kamijoi'' (Oku, 1968) * '' Cydia kozlovi'' (Kuznetzov, 1962) * '' Cydia kurokoi'' – nut fruit tortrix * '' Cydia lacustrina'' (Miller, 1976) * '' Cydia lajonquierei'' (Capuse, 1970) * '' Cydia largo'' Heppner, 1981 * '' Cydia laricana'' (Busck, 1916) * '' Cydia laricicolana'' (Kuznetzov, 1960) * '' Cydia larimana'' (Walsingham, 1895) * '' Cydia latifemoris'' * ''

Cydia latiferreana ''Cydia latiferreana'', the filbertworm moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was formerly (and sometimes is still) separated in a monotypic genus ''Melissopus''. It is found in most of North America. The wingspan is about 18 mm. Ad ...

'' – filbertworm moth (sometimes separated in ''Melissopus'') * '' Cydia latisigna'' Miller, 1986 * '' Cydia lautiuscula'' (Heinrich, 1926) * '' Cydia leguminana'' (Lienig & Zeller, 1846) * '' Cydia leucobasis'' (Busck, 1916) * '' Cydia leucogrammana'' (Hofmann, 1898) * '' Cydia leucostoma'' – tea flush worm * '' Cydia maackiana'' (Danilevsky, 1963) * '' Cydia malesana'' (Meyrick, 1920) * '' Cydia marathonana'' Pröse & Sutter, 1973 * '' Cydia maxima'' (Kuznetzov, 1973) * '' Cydia medicaginis'' – alfalfa moth * '' Cydia mediocris'' (Kuznetzov, 1972) * '' Cydia melanoptycha'' Diakonoff, 1983 * '' Cydia membrosa'' (Heinrich, 1926) * '' Cydia menoides'' Walsingham, 1914 * '' Cydia microgrammana'' (Guenée, 1845) * '' Cydia millenniana'' – larch gall moth * '' Cydia miscitata'' (Heinrich, 1926) * '' Cydia montana'' * '' Cydia montezuma'' Miller, 1986 * '' Cydia monticola'' (Kuznetzov, 1962) * '' Cydia multilineana'' (Kearfott, 1907) * '' Cydia multistriana'' (Chrétien, 1915) * '' Cydia nebulocula'' (Diakonoff, 1976) * '' Cydia negatana'' (Rebel in Rebel & Rogenhofer, 1896) * '' Cydia neolopha'' (Meyrick, 1926) * '' Cydia nigra'' (Miller, 1966) * ''

Cydia nigricana ''Cydia nigricana'', the pea moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Europe. Description It is a small (15 mm wingspan), grey-brown moth whose larvae (caterpillars) feed in the pods of garden peas. They have a long antenn ...

'' – pea moth * '' Cydia ninana'' Dyar, 1903 * '' Cydia nomaea'' (Meyrick, 1917) * '' Cydia obliqua'' (may belong in ''C. plicatum'') * '' Cydia obnisa'' (Heinrich, 1926) * '' Cydia obtecta'' (Meyrick, 1922) * '' Cydia obumbrana'' Kuznetzov, 1992 * '' Cydia odontica'' Diakonoff, 1983 * '' Cydia omana'' Razowski, 1995 * '' Cydia oxytropidis'' (Martini, 1912) * '' Cydia pactolana'' – spruce bark tortrix * '' Cydia palmetum'' (Heinrich, 1928) * '' Cydia pamira'' (Obraztsov, 1943) * '' Cydia parapteryx'' * '' Cydia peiui'' (Stanoiu & Neme, 1974) * '' Cydia pentalychna'' (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1938) * '' Cydia perelegans'' (Kuznetzov, 1962) * '' Cydia perfricta'' (Meyrick, 1920) * '' Cydia periclydonia'' Diakonoff, 1983 * '' Cydia perlaeta'' Walsingham, 1914 * '' Cydia perrupta'' (Meyrick, 1922) * '' Cydia persica'' (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968) * '' Cydia phalacris'' (Meyrick, 1912) * '' Cydia phyllisi'' Miller, 1986 * '' Cydia piperana'' – ponderosa pine seedworm moth * '' Cydia plicatum'' (may include ''C. obliqua, C. storeella'') * '' Cydia plumbiferana'' (Staudinger, 1871) * ''

Cydia pomonella The codling moth (''Cydia pomonella'') is a member of the Lepidopteran family Tortricidae. They are major pests to agricultural crops, mainly fruits such as apples and pears. Because the larvae are not able to feed on leaves, they are highly dep ...

'' – codling moth * '' Cydia populana'' (Busck, 1916) * '' Cydia prismatica'' (Meyrick, 1911) * '' Cydia prosperana'' (Kearfott, 1907) * '' Cydia pseudomalesana'' Clarke, 1986 * '' Cydia pseudotsugae'' (Evans, 1969) * '' Cydia pulchella'' Durrant in Walsingham, 1914 * '' Cydia pycnochra'' (Meyrick, 1920) * '' Cydia pyraspis'' (Meyrick, 1928) * '' Cydia pyrivora'' – pear fruit moth, pear tortricid * '' Cydia rana'' (Forbes, 1924) * '' Cydia reflectrix'' (Meyrick, 1928) * '' Cydia rhodaspis'' (Meyrick, 1928) * '' Cydia rjabovi'' (Kuznetzov, 1962) * '' Cydia rufipennis'' * ''

Cydia saltitans ''Cydia saltitans'' or jumping bean moth is a moth from Mexico that is most widely known as its larva, where it inhabits the carpels of seeds from several related shrubby trees, mainly '' Sebastiania pavoniana'' or '' Sapium biloculare'' ( syn ...

'' – jumping bean moth * '' Cydia sammuti'' Diakonoff, 1986 * '' Cydia secretana'' (Kuznetzov, 1973) * '' Cydia seductana'' (Kuznetzov, 1962) * '' Cydia semicinctana'' (Kennel, 1901) * ''

Cydia servillana ''Cydia servillana'' is a moth of the family Tortricidae which forms galls on the young shoots of willow (''Salix'' species). It was first described by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1836. Description A single egg is laid on the buds of t ...

'' (Duponchel in Godart, 1836) * '' Cydia siderocosma'' (Diakonoff, 1969) * '' Cydia signifer'' Walsingham, 1914 * '' Cydia silvana'' (Kuznetzov, 1970) * ''

Cydia splendana ''Cydia splendana'', the chestnut tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Europe. It is also known as the acorn moth, but this can also refer to ''Blastobasis glandulella'' from North America, which belongs to the more primit ...

'' – chestnut tortrix, acorn moth * '' Cydia staphiditis'' (Meyrick, 1930) * '' Cydia stirpicola'' (Meyrick, 1926) * '' Cydia storeella'' (possibly extinct or belongs in ''C. plicatum'') * '' Cydia striatana'' (Caradja, 1916) * '' Cydia strigulatana'' (Kennel, 1899) * '' Cydia strobilella'' – spruce seed moth * '' Cydia succedana'' * '' Cydia sumptuosana'' (Rebel in Rebel & Zerny, 1928) * '' Cydia tana'' (Kearfott, 1907) * '' Cydia taocosma'' (Meyrick, 1914) * '' Cydia tonosticha'' (Meyrick, 1922) * '' Cydia toreuta'' – eastern pine seedworm moth * '' Cydia torostoma'' (Clarke, 1972) * '' Cydia trasias'' (Meyrick, 1928) * '' Cydia trichota'' Diakonoff, 1988 * '' Cydia trifascicolana'' Schönherr, 1987 * '' Cydia trogodana'' Pröse, 1988 * '' Cydia tropicana'' Kuznetzov, 1992 * '' Cydia tunisiana'' Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993 * '' Cydia turcianae'' Chambon in Chambon, Witzgall & Bengtsson, 1993 * '' Cydia ulicetana'' * '' Cydia undosa'' (Diakonoff, 1957) * '' Cydia uranatma'' (Meyrick, 1936) * '' Cydia vallesiaca'' (Sauter, 1968) * '' Cydia walsinghamii'' * '' Cydia zebeana'' – larch bark moth

Former species

* '' Cydia euryteles'' (Meyrick, 1936)

Synonyms

Obsolete

scientific name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

s (

junior synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...

s and others) of ''Cydia'' are: * ''Adenoneura'' Walsingham, 1907 * ''Carpocampa'' Harris, 1841 (unjustified emendation) * ''Carpocapsa'' Treitschke, 1829 * ''Cerata'' Stephens, 1852 * ''Coccyx'' Treitschke, 1829 * ''Collicularia'' Obraztsov, 1960 * ''Crobilophora'' (''

lapsus In philology, a lapsus (Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking. Investigations In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and K ...

'') * ''Crobylophora'' Kennel, 1910 (''non'' Meyrick, 1880:

preoccupied The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linn ...

) * ''Danilevskia'' Kuznetzov, 1970 * ''Dicraniana'' Diakonoff, 1984 * ''Erminea'' Kirby & Spence, 1826 * ''Erminia'' (''lapsus'') * ''Hedulia'' Heinrich, 1926 * ''Kenneliola'' Paclt, 1951 * ''Lasperesia'' (''lapsus'') * ''Laspeyresia'' Hübner, 1825 (''non'' R.L., 1817:

) * ''Lespeyresia'' (''lapsus'') * ''Melisopus'' (''lapsus'') * ''Melissopus'' Riley, 1882 * ''Melliopus'' (''lapsus'') * ''Mellisopus'' (''lapsus'') * ''Mellissopus'' (''lapsus'') * ''Phanetoprepa'' Obraztsov, 1968 * ''Pseudotomoides'' Obraztsov, 1959 * ''Semasia'' Stephens, 1829 * ''Strobila'' Sodoffsky, 1837 (''non'' Sars, 1829:

) In addition to the uncertain relationship of ''Cydia'' and ''

'' already mentioned above, the synonymy of the present genus has been subject to some confusion with its close relative '' Pammene'': ''Eucelis, Trycheris'' and ''Orchemia'' are sometimes listed as

s of ''Cydia'', but the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

of the former two is ''Tortrix mediana'' (a junior synonym of '' P. aurana''), and that of the third is '' Orchemia gallicana'' (a junior synonym of '' P. gallicana'').Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009c)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae
&ndash
Genus ''Pammene'' account
Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Apr-19.

References

External links

Eurasian ''Cydia'' of Economic Importance
{{Taxonbar, from=Q898181 Grapholitini Tortricidae genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner Insect pests of millets