Overview
The Cuban-American Treaty of Relations of 1934 replaced theOverthrow of the Cuban Government
The President of Cuba in 1933 was Gerardo Machado. At this time, there was a movement in opposition to Machado, to which he responded by using brutality. U.S. ambassador Benjamin Sumner Welles went to the American Embassy in Havana to advise Machado to restitute the constitutional guarantees. Machado rejected this advice and in the following months a large strike took place in Havana, and soon spread throughout the entire island. A conspiracy against Machado was discovered within the Cuban army and when Machado attempted to look into it, several officers informed him that unless he resigned, he risked intervention from the United States. Machado then resigned and fled the country. Carlos M. Céspedes took his place as the president. Several weeks later, another uprising took place, by dissatisfied sergeants lead by Fulgencio Batista. They took control of the island and forced Céspedes and his cabinet out of the Presidential palace. Céspedes was replaced by Ramón Grau San Martín as the president. The government under Ramón Grau San Martín was never recognized by the United States, and he was forced to resign in January of 1934. The United States recognized the Cuban government under Carlos Mendieta, when he took the office of President on January 20th of 1934.Good Neighbor Policy
The Good Neighbor Policy was an idea that Franklin D. Roosevelt mentioned in his first inaugural address. The Good Neighbor Policy was a policy that opposed the involvement of the United States in the affairs of Latin American nations that Roosevelt implemented in efforts to improve relations with Latin America. In December of 1933, Roosevelt declared: “The definite policy of the United States from now on is one opposed to armed intervention.”Cuban-American Treaty of Relations of 1934
The Cuban-American Treaty of Relations of 1934 was signed in Washington on May 29th of 1934. Most of the articles from the Platt Amendment were done away with. It contained five articles, which were conditions that the government of Cuba agreed to by signing. Article I stated that the Cuban-American Treaty of Relations of 1903 would be abrogated. Article II, carried over from the 1903 treaty, stated that the Cuban government would deem previous military actions of the United States as lawful. Article III, also carried over from the 1903 treaty, stated that the government of Cuba would allow the United States to keep its naval stations, specifically the station in Guantanamo. Article IV stated that the Cuban government would acknowledge the right of the United States to quarantine its naval bases in the instance of the outbreak of disease. Article V stated that both governments agreed to ratify the treaty in Washington as soon as possible.The 1934 treaty
In 1934, a new Treaty of Relations replaced the 1903 Treaty of Relations. Articles IV and V of the 1903 Treaty were carried forward to the new Treaty: Cuba agreed to continue to recognize as lawful all prior military actions taken by the United States and it was agreed that the base could be quarantined in times of contagion. The lease for the Naval Station, contemplated in article VII of the 1903 Treaty, was recognized as having been agreed to and its provisions continuing. One motivation for the 1934 Treaty of Relations was to remove the irritating provisions of the 1903 Treaty, as part of Franklin Roosevelt'sSee also
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