Count of Longueville is a French noble title, whose holder had the fiefdom of the
County of Longueville. The County was erected into a Duchy in 1505.
Origins
The Lordship of
Longueville was a
fief
A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form ...
that belonged to the
Giffard family.
William Marshal
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: ', French: '), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman. He served five English kings— Henry II, his sons the "Young King" ...
received half of this honour by right of his wife,
Isabel de Clare, daughter of
Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (113020 April 1176), also known as Richard FitzGilbert, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasio ...
[David Crouch, "Marshal, William (I), fourth earl of Pembroke (c.1146-1219)",'' Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, publishing Online, May 2007.] in 1191. The heir of the other half was
Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford
Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford (–1217), feudal baron of Clare in Suffolk, and lord of Tonbridge in Kent and of Cardigan in Wales, was a powerful Anglo-Norman nobleman with vast landholdings in England and Wales.
Career
Richard was the ...
.
After 1204,
William Marshal
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: ', French: '), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman. He served five English kings— Henry II, his sons the "Young King" ...
managed to keep his part, which in 1219 still belonged to his widow Isabel de Clare (Apr. 1172-1220) and her children in 1219. On the death of Isabelle de Clare, his son
William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (French: ''Guillaume le Maréchal'') (11906 April 1231) was a medieval English nobleman and was one of Magna Carta sureties. He fought during the First Barons' War and was present at the Battle of Lincoln ( ...
gave his brother
Richard
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'stro ...
his land in Normandy or the honours of Longueville and
Orbec
Orbec () is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
Population
International relations
Orbec is twinned with:
*Kingsteignton
Kingsteignton ( ), is a town and civil parish in South Devon, Englan ...
. Richard died childless, and
Louis IX of France seized the lands.
[D. J. Power, "Marshal, Richard, sixth earl of Pembroke (d. 1234)",'' Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004.]
Changes
In 1305, it was given by
Philip IV his minister
Enguerrand de Marigny
Enguerrand de Marigny, Baron Le Portier (126030 April 1315) was a French chamberlain and minister of Philip IV.
Early life
He was born at Lyons-la-Forêt in Normandy, of an old Norman family of the smaller baronage called Le Portier, which to ...
only for him to be forfeited in 1314. It belonged to the family of the
Counts of Evreux until the death of
Philip of Navarre, brother of
Charles the Bad in 1363. On 27 May 1364,
Charles V Charles V may refer to:
* Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558)
* Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain
* Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise
* Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690)
* Infa ...
offered the county of Longueville to
Bertrand du Guesclin
Bertrand du Guesclin ( br, Beltram Gwesklin; 1320 – 13 July 1380), nicknamed "The Eagle of Brittany" or "The Black Dog of Brocéliande", was a Breton knight and an important military commander on the French side during the Hundred Years' Wa ...
. The title of Comte de Longueville was awarded to
Archibald Douglas, Earl of Wigtown (d.1438), and his son
William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas
William, 6th Earl of Douglas (c. 1424 – 24 November 1440) was a Scottish nobleman. In addition to his Earldom of Douglas, he was Earl of Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Lord of Bothwell, Selkirk and Ettrick Forest, Eskdale, Lauderdale, and ...
(d.1440) in gratitude for the assistance to the future
Charles VII of France by the Scottish army rescue led by
Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, killed at the
Battle of Verneuil
The Battle of Verneuil was a battle of the Hundred Years' War, fought on 17 August 1424 near Verneuil-sur-Avre in Normandy between an English army and a combined Franco- Scottish force, augmented by Milanese heavy cavalry. The battle was a s ...
in 1424. Upon the death of
James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas and 3rd Earl of Avondale in 1488, all his titles were forfeited and subsequently the title was bestowed upon
Jean de Dunois
Jean d'Orléans, Count of Dunois (23 November 1402 – 24 November 1468), known as the "Bastard of Orléans" (french: bâtard d'Orléans) or simply Jean de Dunois, was a French military leader during the Hundred Years' War who participated in m ...
. The title remained in the hands of the
Orléans-Longueville family until the death of
Jean Louis Charles d'Orléans in 1694.
Separation and Return
In 1364, following the death of
John II of France
John II (french: Jean II; 26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364), called John the Good (French: ''Jean le Bon''), was King of France from 1350 until his death in 1364. When he came to power, France faced several disasters: the Black Death, which killed ...
, the County of Tancarville was separated from the County of Longueville, while the city of
Montivilliers
Montivilliers ( or ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Seine-Maritime Departments of France, department in the Normandy (administrative region), Normandy region in northern France.
Geography
A large light industry, light industrial and farm ...
was attached to the
royal demesne. In 1505, the
barony of Auffay was united to the county and subsequently, the
Duchy of Longueville was created by King
Louis XII of France for his first cousin once removed François d'Orléans, Count of Dunois, son of François d'Orléans, Count of Dunois, son of
Jean d'Orléans, himself an illegitimate son of the
Duke of Orléans. The title became extinct in 1694 following the death of
Marie de Nemours
Marie de Nemours, originally known as Marie d'Orléans-Longueville (1625–1707), was Princess of Neuchâtel from 1694 to 1707. She was the daughter of Henri II d'Orléans, duc de Longueville and Louise de Bourbon. After the death of her brother ...
. From 1648, Longueville was also
Sovereign Prince of Neuchâtel, a Swiss territory. In 1654 the eighth duke was created a peer as
Duke of Coulommiers but the peerage was never registered and so became extinct at his death.
List of Lords and Counts
* Osbern de Bolbec
*
Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville
Walter Gautier Giffard, Lord of Longueville, Normandy (a.k.a. 'Giffard of Barbastre'), was a Norman baron, a Tenant-in-chief in England, a Christian knight who fought against the Saracens in Spain during the Reconquista and was one of the 15 ...
*
Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham
*
Walter Giffard, 2nd Earl of Buckingham
Walter Giffard, 2nd Earl of Buckingham (died 1164) was an English peer.
He inherited the earldom in 1102 from his father Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham, and died without issue in 1164 (during the reign of King Henry II); he was buried in ...
*
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: ', French: '), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman. He served five English kings— Henry II, his sons the "Young King" ...
, husband of
Isabel de Clare, daughter of
Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (113020 April 1176), also known as Richard FitzGilbert, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasio ...
, himself great grandson to
Rohese Giffard, daughter of
Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville
Walter Gautier Giffard, Lord of Longueville, Normandy (a.k.a. 'Giffard of Barbastre'), was a Norman baron, a Tenant-in-chief in England, a Christian knight who fought against the Saracens in Spain during the Reconquista and was one of the 15 ...
.
*
Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke
Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (119115 April 1234), was the son of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and brother of William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, whom he succeeded to the Earldom of Pembroke and Lord Marshal of England upon hi ...
*
Enguerrand de Marigny
Enguerrand de Marigny, Baron Le Portier (126030 April 1315) was a French chamberlain and minister of Philip IV.
Early life
He was born at Lyons-la-Forêt in Normandy, of an old Norman family of the smaller baronage called Le Portier, which to ...
(–30 April 1315), chamberlain and minister of
King Philip IV, Count of Longueville from 1305 to 1314.
*
Philippe de Navarre (1336–1363), Count of Longueville. Childless.
*
Bertrand du Guesclin
Bertrand du Guesclin ( br, Beltram Gwesklin; 1320 – 13 July 1380), nicknamed "The Eagle of Brittany" or "The Black Dog of Brocéliande", was a Breton knight and an important military commander on the French side during the Hundred Years' Wa ...
(1320–13 July 1380), constable of France and Castile, Count of Longueville from 1364 Chamberlain, France, Pontorson captain, captain of Mount St. Michael, king of Granada, Duke of Molina.
*
Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas
Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas (c. 1391 – 26 June 1439) was a Scottish nobleman and general during the Hundred Years' War.
Life
Douglas was the son of Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas and Margaret Stewart, eldest daughter o ...
(† 26 June 1439), Count of Longueville, 2nd Duke of Touraine, the son of Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas.
*
William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas
William, 6th Earl of Douglas (c. 1424 – 24 November 1440) was a Scottish nobleman. In addition to his Earldom of Douglas, he was Earl of Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Lord of Bothwell, Selkirk and Ettrick Forest, Eskdale, Lauderdale, and ...
(† 24 November 1440), Count of Longueville, son of the previous.
*
Jean de Dunois
Jean d'Orléans, Count of Dunois (23 November 1402 – 24 November 1468), known as the "Bastard of Orléans" (french: bâtard d'Orléans) or simply Jean de Dunois, was a French military leader during the Hundred Years' War who participated in m ...
(23 November 1402 – 24 November 1468), a French captain during the Hundred Years' War, comrade in arms of
Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc (french: link=yes, Jeanne d'Arc, translit= �an daʁk} ; 1412 – 30 May 1431) is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the coronat ...
, Count of Dunois, Count of Longueville from 1443, Baron de Gex, lord of Parthenay of Valbonais, Claix,
Grand Chamberlain of France
The Grand Chamberlain of France (french: Grand Chambellan de France) was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France, a member of the '' Maison du Roi'' ("King's Household"), and one of the Great Offices of the Maison du Roi during the Anc ...
, President of the Council of Thirty-Six.
* Francis II d’Orléans (1478–1513)
*
Louis I d’Orléans (1480–1516) brother of the preceding.
* Claude d’Orléans (1508–1524) son of the preceding.
*
Louis II d’Orléans (1510–1537) brother of the preceding.
*
François III d’Orléans (1535–1551) son of the preceding.
*
Léonor d’Orléans (1540–1573) first cousin of the preceding.
*
Henri I d’Orléans (1568–1595) son of the preceding.
*
Henri II d’Orléans (1595–1663) son of the preceding.
* Jean Louis Charles d’Orléans (1646–1668), son of the preceding. He resigned the title to his half-brother in 1668.
* Charles Paris d’Orléans (1668–1672) half-brother of the preceding. On his death the title went back to his half-brother.
* Jean Louis Charles d’Orléans (1672–1694).
See also
*
Duke of Longueville
Duke of Longueville (''Longueville-sur-Scie'') was a title of French nobility, though not a peerage of France.
History
The title was created in 1505 by King Louis XII of France for his first cousin once removed, François d'Orléans, Count of ...
Notes and references
{{reflist
House of Évreux
House of Douglas and Angus
House of Orléans
French titles of nobility
French nobility