Complex systems biology (CSB) is a branch or subfield of

mathematical and theoretical biology Mathematical and theoretical biology, or biomathematics, is a branch of biology which employs theoretical analysis, mathematical models and abstractions of the living organisms to investigate the principles that govern the structure, development a ...

invented by Robert Rosen concerned with

complexity Complexity characterises the behaviour of a system or model whose components interaction, interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, leading to nonlinearity, randomness, collective dynamics, hierarchy, and emergence. The term is generall ...

of both structure and function in biological organisms, as well as the emergence and evolution of organisms and species, with emphasis being placed on the

interconnectivity In telecommunications, interconnection is the physical linking of a carrier's network with equipment or facilities not belonging to that network. The term may refer to a connection between a carrier's facilities and the equipment belonging t ...

of, and within, biological network inference, and on modelling the fundamental relations inherent to life. According to Baianu ''et al''. CSB is a field that has only a partial overlap with the more conventional concepts of

complex systems theory A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other. Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication sy ...

and

systems biology Systems biology is the computational modeling, computational and mathematical analysis and modeling of complex biological systems. It is a biology-based interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on complex interactions within biological syst ...

, because CSB is concerned with philosophy and human consciousness. Moreover,

mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...

can model a wide range of

complex systems A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other. Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication s ...

, but this is claimed not to be relevant. Complex-adaptive-system

Complexity of organisms and biosphere

There is no satisfying definition of

in biology.Bonner, J. T. 1988. The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Seawifs global biosphere

According to Rosen, most

complex system A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other. Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication ...

models are not about biological subjects, such as

genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding ge ...

s and organisms, although biology has been successfully modelled since the 19th century. Two approaches based on

information theory Information theory is the scientific study of the quantification (science), quantification, computer data storage, storage, and telecommunication, communication of information. The field was originally established by the works of Harry Nyquist a ...

and

network topology Network topology is the arrangement of the elements ( links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and contro ...

graph theory In mathematics, graph theory is the study of ''graphs'', which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of '' vertices'' (also called ''nodes'' or ''points'') which are conne ...

have been combined to model human

consciousness Consciousness, at its simplest, is sentience and awareness of internal and external existence. However, the lack of definitions has led to millennia of analyses, explanations and debates by philosophers, theologians, linguisticians, and scien ...

. Regarding

ontology In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exis ...

(the philosophical

metaphysics Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of conscio ...

of reality), one is assuming that there is a

hierarchy A hierarchy (from Greek: , from , 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another. Hierarchy is an important ...

of complexity levels of organization distinct from reality. Baianu ''et al''. claim that taxonomic ranks such as order,

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

, etc. reflect a hierarchy of complexity levels of organization in biology. Because of their variability, ability to heal and self-reproduce, and so on, organisms are defined as '

meta-system Meta-systems have several definitions. In general, they link the concepts " system" and "meta-". A "meta-system" is about other systems, such as describing, generalizing, modelling, or analyzing the other system(s). According to Turchin and Josly ...

s' of simpler systems in CSB.Metasystem Transition Theory

Valentin Turchin Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin (russian: Валенти́н Фёдорович Турчи́н, 14 February 1931 in Podolsk – 7 April 2010 in Oakland, New Jersey) was a Soviet and American physicist, cybernetician, and computer scientist. He d ...

Cliff Joslyn Cliff Joslyn (born 1963) is an American mathematician, cognitive scientist, and cybernetician. He is currently the Chief Knowledge Scientist and Team Lead for Mathematics of Data Science at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Seattle, Was ...

, 1993-1997 A meta-system is a system of systems.

Autopoiesis The term autopoiesis () refers to a system capable of producing and maintaining itself by creating its own parts. The term was introduced in the 1972 publication '' Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living'' by Chilean biologist ...

also models such a biological system of systems, however, Baianu ''et al''. claim that in biology a meta-system is not equivalent to such a system of systems. They also claim it differs from the meta-system defined in a blog by Kent D. Palmer because organisms are different from machines or robots. If, according to Hopcroft ''et al''., robots or

automata An automaton (; plural: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine, or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions.Automaton – Definition and More ...

can be defined by five qualities: states, startup state, input and output sets/alphabet and transition function, organisms are different.

Topics in complex systems biology

The following is a list of topics covered in complex systems biology: * Applicability of

quantum theory Quantum theory may refer to: Science *Quantum mechanics, a major field of physics *Old quantum theory, predating modern quantum mechanics * Quantum field theory, an area of quantum mechanics that includes: ** Quantum electrodynamics ** Quantum ...

to genetics. * Relational biology

Notes

References cited

* Baianu, I. C., Computer Models and Automata Theory in Biology and Medicine., ''Monograph'', Ch.11 in M. Witten (Editor), ''Mathematical Models in Medicine'', vol. 7., Vol. 7: 1513-1577 (1987),Pergamon Press:New York, (updated by Hsiao Chen Lin in 2004 * Renshaw, E., ''Modelling biological populations in space and time''. C.U.P., 1991. * Rosen, Robert.1991, ''Life Itself: A Comprehensive Inquiry into the Nature, Origin, and Fabrication of Life'', Columbia University Press, published posthumously: * Rosen, Robert .1970. ''Dynamical system theory in biology''. New York, Wiley-Interscience. * Rosen, Robert. 2000, ''Essays on Life Itself'', Columbia University Press. * Rosen, Robert. 2003, "''Anticipatory Systems; Philosophical, Mathematical, and Methodolical Foundations''", Rosen Enterprises publs.

Complexity of organisms and biosphere

Topics in complex systems biology

See also

Notes

References cited

Further reading