Cocos Malay is a post-creolized variety (linguistics), variety of Malay language, Malay, spoken by the Cocos Malays of Home Island, Christmas Island, and those originally from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cocos Islands currently living in Sabah. Cocos Malay derives from the Malay trade languages of the 19th century, specifically the Betawi language. Malay language, Malay is offered as a second language in schools, and Indonesian language, Indonesian has prestige status; both are influencing the language, bringing it more in line with standard Malay. There is also a growing influence of English language, English, considering the Islands having been an Australian territory and globalization drifting modern terms into the daily parlance. In 2009, Cocos Malay students were prohibited from using their own language and failure to comply resulted in punishment in the form of "speaking tickets" which meant that they were required to carry out cleaning duties in school. However, this form of language restriction ended by 2011.

Characteristics

It has the following characteristics: * Javanese influence: "shark", "papaya", "shoulderblade" etc. * First-person and second-person singular "" "", from Hokkien. * Causative verb "". * "" not only means "there is ...", but also is the progressive particle. * Possessive marker "". * Third person indefinite "", from "person"Alexander Adelaar, 1996. "Malay in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1996".

Phonology

Vowels

Consonants

There are three ways in which Cocos Malay differs from Malay language, Standard Malay and Indonesian language, Indonesian: # The uvular [ʁ] which always occurs Intervocalic consonant, intervocalically is present in Coco Malay but not in Standard Malay or Indonesian. # Certain consonants, [f v ʃ z], which occur in Standard Malay are not present in Cocos Malay. # With regard to the [h] amongst the three languages, the [h] in Cocos Malay is often dropped, especially in word-initial position. Examples include: ::

References

{{austronesian-lang-stub Languages of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Javanese language Languages of Indonesia Languages of Sabah Languages of Malaysia Malay-based pidgins and creoles Pidgins and creoles of Australia