The Chloroflexota are a

phylum In biology, a phylum (; plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature f ...

bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...

containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are

aerobic Aerobic means "requiring air," in which "air" usually means oxygen. Aerobic may also refer to * Aerobic exercise, prolonged exercise of moderate intensity * Aerobics, a form of aerobic exercise * Aerobic respiration, the aerobic process of cellu ...

thermophile A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between . Many thermophiles are archaea, though they can be bacteria or fungi. Thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earl ...

s, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic

phototroph Phototrophs () are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (e.g. carbohydrates) and acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. It is a common misconcep ...

s, which use light for

photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored i ...

(

green non-sulfur bacteria The Chloroflexia are a class of bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexota, known as filamentous green non-sulfur bacteria. They use light for energy and are named for their green pigment, usually found in photosynthetic bodies called chlorosomes. Chl ...

); and

anaerobic Anaerobic means "living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen", as opposed to aerobic which means "living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen." Anaerobic may also refer to: * Anaerobic adhesive, a bonding a ...

halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics (such as the toxic chlorinated

ethenes Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or . It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds). Ethylene i ...

and

polychlorinated biphenyl Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly carcinogenic chemical compounds, formerly used in industrial and consumer products, whose production was banned in the United States by the Toxic Substances Control Act in 1979 and internationally by t ...

s) as electron acceptors. The members of the phylum ''Chloroflexota'' are

monoderm In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. Gram-positive bact ...

s (that is, have one cell membrane with no outer membrane), but they stain mostly gram-negative. Many well-studied phyla of bacteria are

diderms Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall s ...

and stain

gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall ...

, whereas well-known monoderms that stain Gram-positive include ''Firmicutes'' (or ''

Bacillota The Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. The renaming of phyla such as Firmicutes in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earl ...

'') ( low G+C gram-positives), ''

Actinomycetota The ''Actinomycetota'' (or ''Actinobacteria'') are a phylum of all gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their contributions to soi ...

'' (high-G+C gram-positives) and ''

Deinococcota ''Deinococcota'' (synonym, ''Deinococcus-Thermus'') is a phylum of bacteria with a single class, ''Deinococci'', that are highly resistant to environmental hazards, also known as extremophiles. These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them ...

'' (gram-positive diderms with thick peptidoglycan).

History

The taxon name was created in the 2001 edition of Volume 1 of

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology ''Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology'' is the main resource for determining the identity of prokaryotic organisms, emphasizing bacterial species, using every characterizing aspect. The manual was published subsequent to the ''Bergey's Manu ...

and is the Latin plural of the name ''

Chloroflexus Chloroflexales is an order of bacteria in the class Chloroflexia. Taxonomy The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). * ...

'', the name of the type genus of the phylum, a

common practice In European art music, the common-practice period is the era of the tonal system. Most of its features persisted from the mid-Baroque period through the Classical and Romantic periods, roughly from 1650 to 1900. There was much stylistic evoluti ...

. In 1987,

Carl Woese Carl Richard Woese (; July 15, 1928 – December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain of life) in 1977 through a pioneering phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, ...

, regarded as one of the forerunner of the molecular phylogeny revolution, divided Eubacteria into 11 divisions based on

16S ribosomal RNA 16 S ribosomal RNA (or 16 S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure. The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA ...

(SSU) sequences and grouped the genera ''

'', ''

Herpetosiphon ''Herpetosiphon'' is a genus of bacteria in the family '' Herpetosiphonaceae''. Phylogeny References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16965551 Phototrophic bacteria Bacteria genera Chloroflexota ...

'' and '' Thermomicrobium'' into the "green non-sulfur bacteria and relatives", which was temporarily renamed as "Chloroflexi" in Volume One of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Chloroflexota being a deep branching phylum (see

Bacterial phyla Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain ''Bacteria''. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is debated, a popular definition is that a bacterial phylum is a monophyletic lineage of bacteria whose 16S rRNA genes ...

), it was considered in Volume One of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology to include a single class with the same name. Since 2001, however, new classes have been created thanks to newly discovered species, and the phylum Chloroflexi is now divided into several classes. "

Dehalococcoidetes ''Dehalococcoidia'' is a class of Chloroflexota, a phylum of Bacteria. It is also known as the DHC group. The name ''Dehalococcoidetes'' is a placeholder name given by Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt, 2004, after ''Dehalococcoides ethenogenes'', a ...

" is a placeholder name given by Hugenholtz & Stackebrandt, 2004, after "''Dehalococcoides ethenogenes''" a species partially described in 1997. The first species fully described was ''Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens'', by Moe et al. 2009, but in the description of that species the class was not made official nor were families or orders laid out as the two species share only 90%

identity, meaning that they could fall in different families or even orders. Recent phylogenetic analysis of the Chloroflexota has found very weak support for the grouping together of the different classes currently part of the phylum. The six classes that make up the phylum did not consistently form a well-supported clade in phylogenetic trees based on concatenated sequences for large datasets of proteins, and no

conserved signature indels Conserved signature inserts and deletions (CSIs) in protein sequences provide an important category of molecular markers for understanding phylogenetic relationships. CSIs, brought about by rare genetic changes, provide useful phylogenetic markers ...

were identified that were uniquely shared by the entire phylum. However, the classes Chloroflexi and Thermomicrobia were found to group together consistently by both the usual phylogenetic means and the identification of shared conserved signature indels in the 50S ribosomal protein L19 and the enzyme UDP-glucose 4-epimerase. It has been suggested that the phylum Chloroflexi ''sensu stricto'' should comprise only the classes Chloroflexi and Thermomicrobia, and the other four classes ("Dehalococcoidetes," Anaerolineae, Caldilineae and Ktedonobacteria) may represent one or more independent phyla branching in the neighborhood of the Chloroflexi.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the

List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature ...

(LPSN) and

National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The ...

(NCBI).

Taxonomy

Genus "''Candidatus'' Chlorotrichoides" corrig. Oren et al. 2020 Chlorothrix"_Klappenbach_&_Pierson_2004_non_Dyar_1921_non_Berger-Perrot_1982.html" ;"title="Chlorothrix_(bacterium).html" ;"title="''Candidatus'' Chlorothrix (bacterium)">Chlorothrix" Klappenbach & Pierson 2004 non Dyar 1921 non Berger-Perrot 1982">Chlorothrix_(bacterium).html" ;"title="''Candidatus'' Chlorothrix (bacterium)">Chlorothrix" Klappenbach & Pierson 2004 non Dyar 1921 non Berger-Perrot 1982br /> Genus "''Candidatus'' Nitrocaldera" Spieck et al. 2020
Genus "''Candidatus'' Nitrotheca" Spieck et al. 2020
Class "Limnocylindria" Mehrshad et al. 2018 *Order "Limnocylindrales" Mehrshad et al. 2018 **Family " Limnocylindraceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018 (SL56) ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Aquidulcis" corrig. Rodriguez-R et al. 2020 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Limnocylindrus" Mehrshad et al. 2018 Class Ktedonobacteria Cavaletti et al. 2007 emend. Yabe et al. 2010 *Order Thermogemmatisporales Yabe et al. 2011 **Family Thermogemmatisporaceae Yabe et al. 2011 ***Genus '' Thermogemmatispora'' Yabe et al. 2011 *Order Ktedonobacterales Cavaletti et al. 2007 **Family Dictyobacteraceae Wang et al. 2019 ***Genus '' Dictyobacter'' Yabe et al. 2017 ***Genus '' Tengunoibacter'' Wang et al. 2019 **Family Ktedonobacteriaceae Cavaletti et al. 2007 ***Genus '' Ktedonobacter'' corrig. Cavaletti et al. 2007 ***Genus '' Ktedonospora'' Yabe et al. 2021 **Family Ktedonosporobacteraceae Yan et al. 2020 ***Genus '' Ktedonosporobacter'' Yan et al. 2020 **Family Reticulibacteraceae Yabe et al. 2021 ***Genus '' Reticulibacter'' Yabe et al. 2021 **Family Thermosporotrichaceae Yabe et al. 2010 ***Genus '' Thermosporothrix'' Yabe et al. 2010 Class " Umbricyclopia" Mehrshad et al. 2018 *Order " Umbricyclopales" Mehrshad et al. 2018 **Family " Umbricyclopaceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Umbricyclops" Mehrshad et al. 2018 (TK10) Class " Bathosphaeria" Mehrshad et al. 2018 *Order " Bathosphaerales" Mehrshad et al. 2018 **Family " Bathosphaeraceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Bathosphaera" Mehrshad et al. 2018 (JG30-KF-CM66) Class Tepidiformia Kochetkova et al. 2020 *Order Tepidiformales Kochetkova et al. 2020 **Family Tepidiformaceae Kochetkova et al. 2020 ***Genus "'' Tepidiforma'' Kochetkova et al. 2020 Class

Dehalococcoidia ''Dehalococcoidia'' is a class of Chloroflexota, a phylum of Bacteria. It is also known as the DHC group. The name ''Dehalococcoidetes'' is a placeholder name given by Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt, 2004, after ''Dehalococcoides ethenogenes'', a ...

Löffler et al. 2013 *Order

Dehalococcoidales ''Dehalococcoidia'' is a class of Chloroflexota, a phylum of Bacteria. It is also known as the DHC group. The name ''Dehalococcoidetes'' is a placeholder name given by Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt, 2004, after ''Dehalococcoides ethenogenes'', a ...

Löffler et al. 2013 **Family

Dehalococcoidaceae ''Dehalococcoidia'' is a class of Chloroflexota, a phylum of Bacteria. It is also known as the DHC group. The name ''Dehalococcoidetes'' is a placeholder name given by Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt, 2004, after ''Dehalococcoides ethenogenes'', a ...

Löffler et al. 2013 ***Genus ''

Dehalococcoides ''Dehalococcoides'' is a genus of bacteria within class Dehalococcoidia that obtain energy via the oxidation of hydrogen and subsequent reductive dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds in a mode of anaerobic respiration called organoha ...

'' Löffler et al. 2013 ***Genus ''

Dehalogenimonas ''Dehalogenimonas'' is a genus in the phylum Chloroflexota (Bacteria). Members of the genus ''Dehalogenimonas'' can be referred to as dehalogenimonads (''viz.'' Trivialisation of names). Etymology The name ''Dehalogenimonas'' derives from:Lati ...

'' Moe et al. 2009 Class " Thermofontia" corrig. Ward et al. 2018 *Order " Phototrophicales" Zheng et al. 2022 **Family " Phototrophicaceae" Zheng et al. 2022 ***Genus "'' Phototrophicus''" Zheng et al. 2022 Class Ardenticatenia Kawaichi et al. 2013 *Order Ardenticatenales Kawaichi et al. 2013 **Family Ardenticatenaceae Kawaichi et al. 2013 ***Genus ''

Ardenticatena ''Ardenticatena'' is a Gram-negative, thermophilic and chemoheterotrophic genus of bacteria from the family of Ardenticatenaceae with one known species ('' Ardenticatena maritima''). ''Ardenticatena maritima'' has been isolated from iron-rich se ...

'' Kawaichi et al. 2013 Class " Caldilineia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020 *Order Caldilineales Yamada et al. 2006 **Family " Amarolineaceae" Andersen et al. 2019 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Amarolinea" Andersen et al. 2019 **Family Caldilineaceae Yamada et al. 2006 ***Genus ''

Caldilinea ''Caldilinea'' is a genus of bacteria from the family of Caldilineaceae. References Further reading * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q21078596 Chloroflexota Bacteria genera ...

'' Sekiguchi et al. 2003 ***Genus '' Litorilinea'' Kale et al. 2013 Class Thermoflexia Dodsworth et al. 2014 *Order Thermoflexales Dodsworth et al. 2014 **Family Thermoflexaceae Dodsworth et al. 2014 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Roseilinea" Thiel et al. 2016 ***Genus '' Thermoflexus'' Dodsworth et al. 2014 Class " Anaerolineia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 *Family " Profundisolitariaceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018 **Genus "''Candidatus'' Profundisolitarius" Mehrshad et al. 2018 (CL500-11) *Order " Promineifilales" **Family " Promineifilaceae" ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Promineofilum" McIlroy et al. 2016 *Order Aggregatilineales Nakahara et al. 2019 **Family Aggregatilineaceae Nakahara et al. 2019 ***Genus '' Aggregatilinea'' Nakahara et al. 2019 *Order Anaerolineales Yamada et al. 2006 **Family

Anaerolineaceae Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in this family, most of which only encompass one species. All known members of the f ...

Yamada et al. 2006 ***Genus ''

Anaerolinea ''Anaerolinea'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in this fa ...

'' Sekiguchi et al. 2003 emend. Yamada et al. 2006 ***Genus ''

Bellilinea ''Bellilinea'' is a thermophilic bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve gene ...

'' Yamada et al. 2007 ***Genus "''

Brevefilum ''Brevefilum'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in this fa ...

''" McIlroy et al. 2017 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Denitrolinea" Okubo et al. 2021 ***Genus "'' Desulfolinea''" Van Vliet et al. 2020 ***Genus ''

Flexilinea ''Flexilinea'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in this fa ...

'' Sun et al. 2015 ***Genus ''

Levilinea ''Levilinea'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species ('' Levilinea saccharolytica''). References Chloroflexota Bacteria genera Monotypic bacteria genera {{bacteria-stub ...

'' Yamada et al. 2006 ***Genus ''

Leptolinea ''Leptolinea'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in this fa ...

'' Yamada et al. 2006 ***Genus ''

Longilinea ''Longilinea'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in this fa ...

'' Yamada et al. 2007 ***Genus ''

Ornatilinea ''Ornatilinea'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species ('' Ornatilinea apprima''). ''Ornatilinea apprima'' has been isolated from microbial mat from an anaerobic sludge blanket reactor from the Tomsk Regi ...

'' Podosokorskaya et al. 2013 ***Genus ''

Pelolinea ''Pelolinea'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in this fam ...

'' Imachi et al. 2014 ***Genus ''

Thermomarinilinea ''Thermomarinilinea'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in ...

'' Nunoura et al. 2013 ***Genus "''

Thermanaerothrix ''Thermanaerothrix'' is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species ('' Thermanaerothrix daxensis''). ''Thermanaerothrix daxensis'' has been isolated from water from the Saint-Christophe spring in France ...

''" Gregoire et al. 2011 ***Genus "''Candidatus''" Villigracilis'' Nierychlo et al. 2019 Class Thermomicrobiia Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016 *Order

Sphaerobacterales ''Sphaerobacter'' is a genus of bacteria. When originally described it was placed in its own subclass (Spahaerobacteridae) within the class Actinomycetota The ''Actinomycetota'' (or ''Actinobacteria'') are a phylum of all gram-positive bac ...

Stackebrandt, Rainey & Ward-Rainey 1997 **Family

Sphaerobacteraceae ''Sphaerobacter'' is a genus of bacteria. When originally described it was placed in its own subclass (Spahaerobacteridae) within the class Actinomycetota. Subsequently, phylogenetic studies have now placed it in its own order Sphaerobacterales ...

Stackebrandt, Rainey & Ward-Rainey 1997 ***Genus '' Nitrolancea'' Sorokin et al. 2014 ''Nitrolancetus''"_Sorokin_et_al._2012.html" ;"title="Nitrolancetus.html" ;"title="''Nitrolancetus">''Nitrolancetus''" Sorokin et al. 2012">Nitrolancetus.html" ;"title="''Nitrolancetus">''Nitrolancetus''" Sorokin et al. 2012***Genus ''Sphaerobacter'' Demharter et al. 1989 *Order Thermomicrobiales Garrity & Holt 2002 **Family Thermomicrobiaceae Garrity & Holt 2002 ***Genus '' Thermomicrobium'' Jackson, Ramaley & Meinschein 1973 ***Genus '' Thermorudis'' King & King 2014 Class

Chloroflexia The Chloroflexia are a class of bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexota, known as filamentous green non-sulfur bacteria. They use light for energy and are named for their green pigment, usually found in photosynthetic bodies called chlorosomes. Chl ...

Gupta et al. 2013 *Genus "'' Dehalobium''" Wu et al. 2002 *Genus "''Candidatus'' Lithoflexus" Saghai et al. 2020 *Genus "''Candidatus'' Sarcinithrix" Nierychlo et al. 2019 *Order " Thermobaculales" **Family " Thermobaculaceae" ***Genus "'' Thermobaculum''" Botero et al. 2004 *Order Kallotenuales Cole et al. 2013 **Family Kallotenuaceae Cole et al. 2013 ***Genus '' Kallotenue'' Cole et al. 2013 *Order

Herpetosiphonales Herpetosiphonales is an order of bacteria in the class Chloroflexia. See also * List of bacterial orders This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in N ...

Gupta et al. 2013 **Family

Herpetosiphonaceae ''Herpetosiphonaceae'' is a family of bacteria in the order '' Herpetosiphonales''. References External links Phototrophic bacteria Chloroflexota {{bacteria-stub ...

Gupta et al. 2013 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Anthektikosiphon" Ward, Fischer & McGlynn 2020 ***Genus ''

Herpetosiphon ''Herpetosiphon'' is a genus of bacteria in the family '' Herpetosiphonaceae''. Phylogeny References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16965551 Phototrophic bacteria Bacteria genera Chloroflexota ...

'' Holt & Lewin 1968 'Flavilitoribacter''_García-López_et_al._2020.html" ;"title="Flavilitoribacter.html" ;"title="'Flavilitoribacter">'Flavilitoribacter'' García-López et al. 2020">Flavilitoribacter.html" ;"title="'Flavilitoribacter">'Flavilitoribacter'' García-López et al. 2020*Order Chloroflexales Gupta et al. 2013 **Suborder Roseiflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 ***Family Roseiflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 ["Kouleotrichaceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018] ****Genus "'' Kouleothrix''" Kohno et al. 2002 ****Genus '' Heliothrix'' Pierson et al. 1986 ****Genus ''

Roseiflexus ''Roseiflexus'' is a genus of bacteria in the family ''Roseiflexaceae'' with one known species ('' Roseiflexus castenholzii''). References Further reading * * * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q21078681 Bacteria genera Monotypic bacteria genera

'' Hanada et al. 2002 **Suborder Chloroflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 ***Family Chloroflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 ****Genus ''Candidatus'' Chloranaerofilum Thiel et al. 2016 ****Genus ''

'' Pierson & Castenholz 1974 ''Chlorocrinis''".html" ;"title="Chlorocrinis.html" ;"title="''Chlorocrinis">''Chlorocrinis''"">Chlorocrinis.html" ;"title="''Chlorocrinis">''Chlorocrinis''"***Family Oscillochloridaceae Gupta et al. 2013 ****Genus ''Candidatus'' Chloroploca Gorlenko et al. 2014 ****Genus ''Chloronema'' ♪ Dubinina & Gorlenko 1975 ****Genus ''Oscillochloris'' Gorlenko & Pivovarova 1989 ****Genus ''Candidatus'' Viridilinea Grouzdev et al. 2018

Etymology

The name ''Chloroflexi'' is a Neolatin nominative case masculine plural of ''

'', which is the name of the first genus described. The noun is a combination of the Greek adjective ''chloros, -a, on (χλωρός, -ά, -όν)'', meaning "greenish-yellow," and the Latin masculine passive perfect participle ''flexus'' (of ''flecto''), meaning "bent." The etymology is unrelated to

chlorine Chlorine is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate betwee ...

, an element that was discovered in 1810 by

Sir Humphry Davy Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor who invented the Davy lamp and a very early form of arc lamp. He is also remembered for isolating, by using electricity, several elements for the ...

and named after its pale green colour. Another phylum with the same root is ''

Chlorobiota The green sulfur bacteria are a phylum of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria that metabolize sulfur. Green sulfur bacteria are nonmotile (except ''Chloroherpeton thalassium'', which may glide) and capable of anoxygenic photosynthes ...

'', whereas "''

Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria (), also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis. The name ''cyanobacteria'' refers to their color (), which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blu ...

''" has the root ''cyanos'' (''κύανος''), meaning "blue-green." Unlike some other phyla, there is no theme root in the name of genera of Chloroflexota, and in fact many genera beginning with "''Chloro-''" or ending in ''"-chloris"'' are either cyanobacteria or chlorobi.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chloroflexota Phototrophic bacteria Bacteria phyla Chloroflexota