Căușeni District (, ) is a district in the central part of

Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...

, with the administrative center at Căușeni. The other major city in the district is

Căinari Căinari is a town in Căușeni District, Moldova. One village is administered by the town, Căinari station. The town is located west of the district seat, Căușeni, and south of Chișinău. International relations Twin towns — Sister citi ...

. According to the 2014 Moldovan Census, the population of the district is 81,185.

History

The Căușeni District was the first district of Moldova to be recorded in 1455. The next localities of the region to be recorded were: Zaim, Cîrnățeni, Fîrlădeni, but not until the period 1535–1573. In the 16th-18th centuries, intensive agriculture and wine-making industries developed and population grew as a consequence. In 1761, in Căuşeni city, the Assumption Church was built with beautiful painted

frescoes Fresco ( or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting become ...

on the inside walls. In 1812, after the

Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) The Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Turkish Empire as one of 12 Russo-Turkish Wars. Both sides favoured peace as they feared Napoleon's moves to the east. Background The war broke out ...

Bessarabia Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coa ...

was occupied by the Russian Empire until 1917. During this period there was an intense

Russification Russification (), Russianisation or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians adopt Russian culture and Russian language either voluntarily or as a result of a deliberate state policy. Russification was at times ...

of the native population. In 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Bessarabia united with Romania. From 1918–1940 and again from 1941–1944 during the German occupation, the district became part of Tighina County. After the 1939

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and also known as the Hitler–Stalin Pact and the Nazi–Soviet Pact, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Ge ...

, Bessarabia was occupied by the USSR in June 1940. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation of the

Independence of Moldova The independence of Moldova was officially recognized on 2 March 1992, when Moldova gained membership of the United Nations. The nation had declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 27 August 1991, and was a co-founder of the post-Sovie ...

, part of Căușeni District joined with Tighina County (1991–2003). In 2003 the district became an administrative unit of Moldova.

Geography

Căușeni District is located in the southern part of Moldova. It is bordered by the following districts: Ialoveni and Anenii Noi in the north,

Slobozia District Slobozia District (; ; ) is a district of Transnistria. It is the southernmost district of Transnistria, located mostly south of Tiraspol. Its seat is the city of Slobozia, located at , on the river Dniester. The district contains 4 cities/towns ...

in the east,

Ștefan Vodă District Ștefan Vodă () is a district () in the south-east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Ștefan Vodă. As of 1 January 2011, its population was 71,900. The district is situated 100 km from Chișinău and 100 km from Odesa, Ukr ...

in the south-east, bordering in the south with

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

, and Cimișlia District in the west. The relief of the land is mostly flat, with maximum altitudes of 220–230 metres. The minimum altitude is 20–30 metres on the Lower

Dniester The Dniester ( ) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Uk ...

plain. The land has a low intensity of erosion.

Climate

The district has a

continental climate Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters). They tend to occur in central and eastern parts of the three northern-tier continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), typi ...

with an annual average district temperature of . The July average temperature is , and in January it is . Annual precipitation 450–550 mm. Average wind speed is 2–5 metres/second.

Fauna

Typical European fauna, with the presence of such mammals such as

fox Foxes are small-to-medium-sized omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull; upright, triangular ears; a pointed, slightly upturned snout; and a long, bushy tail ("brush"). Twelve species ...

es,

hedgehog A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. The ...

deer A deer (: deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family). Cervidae is divided into subfamilies Cervinae (which includes, among others, muntjac, elk (wapiti), red deer, and fallow deer) ...

wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a Suidae, suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The speci ...

polecat Polecat is a common name for several mustelid species in the order Carnivora and subfamilies Ictonychinae and Mustelinae. Polecats do not form a single taxonomic rank (i.e. clade). The name is applied to several species with broad similarities t ...

wild cat Felidae ( ) is the family of mammals in the order Carnivora colloquially referred to as cats. A member of this family is also called a felid ( ). The 41 extant Felidae species exhibit the greatest diversity in fur patterns of all terrestria ...

, ermine. and others. Of birds there are:

partridge A partridge is a medium-sized Galliformes, galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide Indigenous (ecology), native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. Several species have been introduced to the Americas. They ar ...

crow A crow is a bird of the genus ''Corvus'', or more broadly, a synonym for all of ''Corvus''. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term "raven" is not linked scientifically to any certain trait but is rathe ...

eagle Eagle is the common name for the golden eagle, bald eagle, and other birds of prey in the family of the Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of Genus, genera, some of which are closely related. True eagles comprise the genus ''Aquila ( ...

starling Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine (perching) birds known for the often dark, glossy iridescent sheen of their plumage; their complex vocalizations including mimicking; and their distinctive, often elaborate swarming behavior, know ...

swallow The swallows, martins, and saw-wings, or Hirundinidae are a family of passerine songbirds found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in Antarctica. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. The ...

s, and more.

Flora

Forests of the district are composed of tree species such as

oak An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisp ...

, ash,

hornbeam Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus ''Carpinus'' in the family Betulaceae. Its species occur across much of the temperateness, temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names The common English name ''hornbeam'' derives ...

, linden,

maple ''Acer'' is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the soapberry family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated si ...

walnut A walnut is the edible seed of any tree of the genus '' Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, '' Juglans regia''. They are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an i ...

and others. Other common plants are: wormwood, knotweed,

fescue ''Festuca'' (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae). They are evergreen or herbaceous perennial tufted grasses with a height range of and a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every ...

, and

nettle Nettle refers to plants with stinging hairs, particularly those of the genus '' Urtica''. It can also refer to plants which resemble ''Urtica'' species in appearance but do not have stinging hairs. Plants called "nettle" include: * ball nettle ...

Rivers

Căușeni district is located in the

Dniester River The Dniester ( ) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Uk ...

basin, whose main tributary is the Botna River (152 km). Most lakes are artificial in origin.

Administrative subdivisions

* Administrative center: Căușeni * Localities: 48 (2 Cities and 46 Villages in 28 Communes) ** Cities: 2 (

, Căușeni) ** Communes: 28 ** Villages: 18

Communes in Căușeni district

# Baccealia # Baimaclia # Chircăiești # Chircăieștii Noi # Cîrnățeni # Cîrnățenii Noi # Ciuflești # Coșcalia # Fîrlădeni # Grădinița # Grigorievca # Hagimus # Opaci # Pervomaisc # Plop-Știubei # Săiți # Sălcuța # Tănătari # Tănătarii Noi # Taraclia # Tocuz # Ucrainca # Ursoaia # Zaim # Copanca (claimed by

Transnistria Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and locally as Pridnestrovie, is a Landlocked country, landlocked Transnistria conflict#International recognition of Transnistria, breakaway state internationally recogn ...

) # Chițcani (controlled by

) # Cremenciug (controlled by

) # Gîsca (controlled by

)

Demographics

As of 1 January 2012, the district population was 92,000, of which 26.5% was urban and 73.5% was rural population *Births (2010): 1,088 (11.8 per 1000) *Deaths (2010): 1,199 (13.0 per 1000) *Growth rate (2010): -111 (-1.2 per 1000)

Ethnic groups

''Footnote'': * There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.

Religion

*Christians - 98.5% ** Orthodox Christians - 97.1% **

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

- 1.4% ***

Baptists Baptists are a Christian denomination, denomination within Protestant Christianity distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches ge ...

- 0.7% ***

Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a movement within the broader Evangelical wing of Protestantism, Protestant Christianity that emphasizes direct personal experience of God in Christianity, God through Baptism with the Holy Spirit#Cl ...

- 0.5% ***

Seventh-day Adventists The Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabba ...

- 0.1% ***

Evangelicals Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes evangelism, or the preaching and spreading of the Christian g ...

- 0.1% *Other 0.9% *No religion 0.6%

Economy

The main economic activities of the district are agriculture and manufacturing. Currently there are 15,721 registered companies in the district. The different types of manufacturing that predominate are: wine-making, processing of milk, bakery products, and other industries based on local

raw material A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials/Intermediate goods that are feedstock for future finished ...

s. Total Agricultural land is 93,700 ha which is (80.5%) of the total land area. Of this agricultural land, the

arable land Arable land (from the , "able to be ploughed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.''Oxford English Dictionary'', "arable, ''adj''. and ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2013. Alternatively, for the purposes of a ...

occupies 70 600 ha (60.7%), of which there are 4,300 ha of

orchards An orchard is an intentional plantation of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production. Orchards comprise fruit- or nut-producing trees that are generally grown for commercial production. Orchards are also sometimes a feature of lar ...

(3.7%) and 5,200 ha of

vineyards A vineyard ( , ) is a plantation of grape-bearing vines. Many vineyards exist for winemaking; others for the production of raisins, table grapes, and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice and study of vineyard production is kno ...

(4.5%).

Education

The district operates 69 educational institutions, including institutions of

secondary education Secondary education is the education level following primary education and preceding tertiary education. Level 2 or ''lower secondary education'' (less commonly ''junior secondary education'') is considered the second and final phase of basic e ...

- 37 (14,960 students),

kindergartens Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...

- 31 (3014 children), a creative center for children.

Politics

Căușeni District has historically voted mainly for right-wing parties. In Moldova the district is represented by the

Alliance for European Integration The Alliance for European Integration () was a centre-right, anti-communist coalition that governed Moldova from the July 2009 election until it lost to a no confidence vote in the Parliament on February 13, 2013. It was succeeded by the anti-co ...

(AEI). The

Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (, PCRM) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in a post-Soviet state. It has been variously described as Com ...

(PCRM) has seen a continuous fall in the percentage of the vote during the last three elections. During the last three elections the vote for the AEI has grown from 11,179 votes to 20,140 votes representing an increase of 80%.

Elections

, - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan="2" valign=center, Parties and coalitions !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=% !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=+/− , - , , align=left,

, align="right", 16,082 , align="right", 41.19 , align="right", −3.07 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova The Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova (, PLDM) is a conservative political party in Moldova. The party is led by Tudor Deliu. Until 2016, PLDM was led by Vlad Filat, who was Prime Minister of Moldova from 2009 to 2013, in two cabinets. Immedi ...

, align="right", 12,525 , align="right", 32.08 , align="right", +19.62 , - , , align=left,

Democratic Party of Moldova The European Social Democratic Party (, PSDE) is a centre-left, populist Social democracy, social democratic political party in Moldova. Established in 1997, the party holds pro-European views, and is an associate member of the Party of European ...

, align="right", 4,725 , align="right", 12,10 , align="right", +3.13 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...

, align="right", 2,515 , align="right", 6.44 , align="right", −5.68 , - , bgcolor=#0033cc, , align=left, European Action Movement , align="right", 835 , align="right", 2.14 , align="right", +2.14 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, United Moldova , align="right", 437 , align="right", 1.12 , align="right", +1.12 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, Other Party , align="right", 1,538 , align="right", 3.91 , align="right", -18.34 , - , align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2", Total (turnout 57.46%) , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 39,352 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",

Culture

In the Căușeni District there are: 37 houses of culture, several folk bands with a Title 31 model, and 74 amateur artistic groups with a total of 1200 participants. There is a School of Arts in Căușeni city, a school of Music in both

and Copanca, a museum of history and

ethnography Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. It explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject of the study. Ethnography is also a type of social research that involves examining ...

of Căușeni, the " Alexei Mateevici House Museum" in Zaim, and in Cainari, a Museum of history and ethnography in Copanca, and 45 public

Libraries A library is a collection of Book, books, and possibly other Document, materials and Media (communication), media, that is accessible for use by its members and members of allied institutions. Libraries provide physical (hard copies) or electron ...

including 9 branches for children].

Health

Health services are provided in Căușeni District through: a general fund hospital with 292 beds, 19 Magnetic field imaging (MFI) units, 13 health centres, 5 health points, and 13 clinical diagnostic laboratories.

Tourism

* Assumption of Our Lady Church, Căușeni *

Trajan's Wall Trajan's Wall () is the name used for several linear earthen fortifications () found across Eastern Europe, Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine. Contrary to the name and popular belief, evidence shows the ramparts were likely not built under the reign ...

in villages Copanca and Chircăiești

References

External links

Căuşeni District Council

District population per year
* Discuție:Raionul Căușeni
Rezultatele alegerilor din 28 noiembrie 2010 în raionul Căușeni
{{DEFAULTSORT:Causeni Districts of Moldova