Cândido Aragonez de Faria (artist's name Faria, 12 August 1849 in Laranjeiras, Sergipe (Brasil) – 17 December 1911 in Paris) was a Brazilian

caricaturist A caricaturist is an artist who specializes in drawing caricatures. List of caricaturists * Abed Abdi (born 1942) * Abril Lamarque (1904–1999) * Al Hirschfeld (1903–2003) * Alex Gard (1900–1948) * Alexander Saroukhan (1898–1977) * Alfre ...

painter Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...

lithographer Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by the German ...

and poster designer who emigrated to France in 1882. Faria designed posters for performers in café-chantants and the cinema but also for music scores (lithographies in small and large formats). The collective art work of his workshop, which continued after his death, was signed ''Atelier Faria''.

Life and career

Brazil

Faria was born in 1849, the eldest of four children of physician José Cândido Faria (-1855) and Josefa Aragonez, who was of Spanish extraction.Biography of Faria
on Cartoonvirtualmuseum.org an
Luíz Antônio Barreto: ''Cândido Aragonez de Faria'', infonet.com.br
are used throughout this section Dr. Faria had studied in Montpelier and specialised in

cholera Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...

. He founded the Hospital de Caridade de Laranjeiras and died in a cholera epidemic in 1855. The family moved to Rio de Janeiro, where their relatives lived. There young Cândido studied at the ''Liceu de Artes e Ofícios'' (School of Arts and Crafts) and at the ''Escola de Belas Artes'' (Fine-Arts School). Faria's very productive career started with his artwork for many magazines satirizing local politicians and the clergy in

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...

, like Paul Gavarni and

Honoré Daumier Honoré-Victorin Daumier (; February 26, 1808 – February 10 or 11, 1879) was a French painter, sculptor, and printmaker, whose many works offer commentary on the social and political life in France, from the July Revolution, Revolution of 1830 ...

did in France. He began as a main caricaturist in 1866 for the satirical periodical ''A Pacotilha'' (English: Fake, later ''Pandokeu'' (Joker)). In September 1869 he started with his brother Adolfo the weekly ''O Mosquito'' (The Mosquito). In April 1871 he bought ''O Lobisomen'' (The Werewolf) from the lithographer António Alves do Vale. Faria and Vale signed some works together. Then in June 1874 Faria started a new weekly ''0 Mefistófeles'' as the sole illustrator, to be merged with ''O Mosquito'' in 1875. From 1869 through 1874 Faria was one of the illustrators of the magazine ''A Vida Fluminense'' (Life in Rio de Janeiro), since 1874 ''O Fígaro'', for which he became the sole illustrator. Since October 1876, Faria supplied cartoons to the weeklies ''O Ganganelli'' and ''O Mequetrefe'' (The Coxcomb). In 1877 he founded the magazine ''O Diabrete'' (The Goblin). Faria worked also for more ephemeral magazines, such as ''A Comédia Popular'' (The people's comedy), ''A Galeria'' (The Gallery), ''Ziguezague'' and ''Ba-Ta-Clan'' (The Hotchpotch).

Argentina

During 1879 - 1882, Faria illustrated in Buenos Aires the main satiric weekly ''El Mosquito'' and the new magazine ''Cotorra'' (English: parrot, windbag), introducing

chromolithography Chromolithography is a method for making multi-colour printmaking, prints in lithography, and in theory includes all types of lithography that are printed in colour. However, in modern usage it is normally restricted to 19th-century works, and ...

in South America. Later he obtained the right to exclusively illustrate the artistic and literary weekly ''El Correo del Domingo'' (Sunday Post) and the daily ''El Gráfico'' (~ The graph).

France

In 1882 Faria emigrated to France and established his workshop at Paris, working with Charles Clérice of the Clérice Frères illustrators. Faria gained fame by his illustrations for books (e.g., ''Le fils de Porthos'' by Paul Mahalin, ''L'enfant d'Une vierge'' by Alfred Sirven, and ''Pour rire à deux'' by Olympe Audouard) and magazines (''La Caricature'' by Albert Robida, ''Le Papillon'', ''Le Monde illustré'' and ''La Musique pour tous''). But Faria also illustrated many editions of sheet music for the singer Paulus (Jean-Paul Habans) and created the portrait of the singer Montéhus used for numerous covers. He also illustrated sheet music for songs, romances and operettas by Justin Clérice, Louis Ganne,

Charles Lecocq Alexandre Charles Lecocq (; 3 June 183224 October 1918) was a French composer, known for his opérettes and opéra comique, opéras comiques. He became the most prominent successor to Jacques Offenbach in this sphere, and enjoyed considerable su ...

, Olivier Métra, Edmond Missa,

Robert Planquette Jean Robert Planquette (; 31 July 1848 – 28 January 1903) was a French composer of songs and operettas. Several of Planquette's operettas were extraordinarily successful in Britain, especially ''Les cloches de Corneville'' (1878), the length o ...

, Vincent Scotto and others. Since 1895, Faria and the lithographers Sebaïn and Axelrod created posters for shows, tourism and general advertising. From 1902 up to his death in 1911 he was, with about 300 posters, the main poster designer for the film company

Pathé Pathé SAS (; styled as PATHÉ!) is a French major film production and distribution company, owning a number of cinema chains through its subsidiary Pathé Cinémas and television networks across Europe. It is the name of a network of Fren ...

('' Les Victimes de l'alcoolisme'' by

Ferdinand Zecca Ferdinand Zecca (19 February 1864 – 23 March 1947) was a pioneer French film director, film producer, actor and screenwriter. He worked primarily for the Pathé company, first in artistic endeavors then in administration of the internationall ...

, ''L'assommoir'' based on

Emile Zola Emile or Émile may refer to: * Émile (novel) (1827), autobiographical novel based on Émile de Girardin's early life * Emile, Canadian film made in 2003 by Carl Bessai * '' Emile: or, On Education'' (1762) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a treatise o ...

, and so on). In France Faria married and had a son Jacques, artist and father of Philippe Aragonez de Faria, who would curate his father's and grandfather's work.

Gallery

Le Violon brisé (couverture du petit format, 1885).jpg, Illustration for the music score of the song ''Le Violon brisé'', 1885. Medrano Boum-Boum (c1900).jpg, Poster for the Cirque Medrano, Paris, c. 1900 Les chrysanthemes.jpg, Poster for ''Les chrysanthèmes'', a 1907

Pathé Frères Pathé SAS (; styled as PATHÉ!) is a French major film production and distribution company, owning a number of cinema chains through its subsidiary Pathé Cinémas and television networks across Europe. It is the name of a network of Fren ...

film Naissance de Jesus by Candido Faria.jpg, Poster for ''Vie et passion de notre seigneur Jésus-Christ'', a silent film directed by Ferdinand Zecca and

Segundo de Chomón Segundo Víctor Aurelio Chomón y Ruiz (also Chomont or Chaumont ; 17 October 1871 – 2 May 1929) was a pioneering Spanish film director, cinematographer and screenwriter. He produced many short films in France while working for Pathé, Pat ...

, 1907 En r'venant du premier mai. Illustration Faria.jpg, Sheet for the song ''En r'venant du premier mai''. Les Vampires de la côte - Cândido de Faria - 1908 - EYE A03060 - neg0069.jpg, Film poster for ''Les Vampires de la côte'', 1908. Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands. Le Cirque Miniature - Cândido de Faria - 1908 - NL-EYE-EFG1914 A05148.jpg, Film poster for ''Le Cirque Miniature'', 1908. Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands. Le reflet vivant - Cândido de Faria - 1908 - EYE A05149.jpg, Film poster for ''Le reflet vivant'', 1908. Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands. Vercingétorix - Cândido de Faria - 1909 - NL-EYE-EFG1914 A06136.jpg, Film poster for ''Vercingétorix'', 1909. Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands. Candido Aragonez de Faria Chamonix-Mont-Blanc.jpg, Poster for ''Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, Cachat's majestic'' hotel. Ca. 1910.

Literature

* Philippe Aragonez de Faria: **''Faria. Volume I, Biographie et oeuvre de Cândido de Faria et de Jacques de Faria, L'atelier Faria'', Le Chesnay (50 rue Moxouris, 78150), 1995. etc. ** ''Faria. Volume XIX, Biographie et oeuvre de Cândido de Faria et de Jacques de Faria, L'atelier Faria, Période parisienne'', Le Chesnay (50 rue Moxouris, 78150), 1995. **''Cândido de Faria, 1849-1911: un maître de l'affiche'', Le Chesnay (50 rue Moxouris, 78150), 1999. Éd. commémorative du 150e anniversaire de la naissance de Cândido de Faria. * Herman de Castro Lima, ''História da Caricatura Brasileira'' (4 vols.)

External links

*
Posters on the Gallica website
*
Covers of sheet music on the Gallica website
*
Files
on Ciné-Ressources *
Covers of small format sheet music on Médihal (free images and open archives; collection ''Chansons-papier et édition musicale en images'')
*
Covers of large format musical parts of ''Illustrated Sheet Music'' (image database with information on dates, publishers and authors)

Luíz Antônio Barreto: ''Cândido Aragonez de Faria'', infonet.com.br

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Faria, Candido de 19th-century French painters French male painters 20th-century French painters 20th-century French male artists 1849 births 1911 deaths French poster artists 19th-century French illustrators 20th-century French illustrators French caricaturists 20th-century Brazilian painters 20th-century Brazilian male artists Brazilian poster artists 19th-century Brazilian illustrators 20th-century Brazilian illustrators Brazilian caricaturists Art Nouveau illustrators 20th-century French printmakers 19th-century Brazilian painters 19th-century Brazilian male artists Brazilian printmakers 19th-century French male artists French satirists Brazilian satirists French magazine illustrators Brazilian magazine illustrators French magazine cartoonists Brazilian magazine cartoonists French advertising artists and illustrators Brazilian advertising artists and illustrators 19th-century Brazilian lithographers 19th-century French lithographers 20th-century Brazilian lithographers 20th-century Brazilian lithographers