Cândido de Faria

Cândido Aragonez de Faria (artist's name Faria, 12 August 1849 in Laranjeiras, Sergipe (Brasil) – 17 December 1911 in Paris) was a Brazilian caricaturist, painter, lithographer and poster designer who emigrated to France in 1882. Faria designed posters for performers in café-chantants and the cinema but also for music scores (lithographies in small and large formats). The collective art work of his workshop, which continued after his death, was signed ''Atelier Faria''.

Life and career

Brazil

Faria was born in 1849, the eldest of four children of physician José Cândido Faria (-1855) and Josefa Aragonez, who was of Spanish extraction.Biography of Faria
on Cartoonvirtualmuseum.org an
Luíz Antônio Barreto: ''Cândido Aragonez de Faria'', infonet.com.br
are used throughout this section Dr. Faria had studied in Montpelier and specialised in cholera. He founded the Hospital de Caridade de Laranjeiras and died in a cholera epidemic in 1855. The family moved to Rio de Janeiro, where their relatives lived. There young Cândido studied at the ''Liceu de Artes e Ofícios'' (School of Arts and Crafts) and at the ''Escola de Belas Artes'' (Fine-Arts School).

Faria's very productive career started with his artwork for many magazines satirizing local politicians and the clergy in Rio de Janeiro, like Paul Gavarni and Honoré Daumier did in France. He began as a main caricaturist in 1866 for the satirical periodical ''A Pacotilha'' (English: Fake, later ''Pandokeu'' (Joker)). In September 1869 he started with his brother Adolfo the weekly ''O Mosquito'' (The Mosquito).
In April 1871 he bought ''O Lobisomen'' (The Werewolf) from the lithographer António Alves do Vale. Faria and Vale signed some works together. Then in June 1874 Faria started a new weekly ''0 Mefistófeles'' as the sole illustrator, to be merged with ''O Mosquito'' in 1875. From 1869 through 1874 Faria was one of the illustrators of the magazine ''A Vida Fluminense'' (Life in Rio de Janeiro), since 1874 ''O Fígaro'', for which he became the sole illustrator. Since October 1876, Faria supplied cartoons to the weeklies ''O Ganganelli'' and ''O Mequetrefe'' (The Coxcomb). In 1877 he founded the magazine ''O Diabrete'' (The Goblin). Faria worked also for more ephemeral magazines, such as ''A Comédia Popular'' (The people's comedy), ''A Galeria'' (The Gallery), ''Ziguezague'' and ''Ba-Ta-Clan'' (The Hotchpotch).

Argentina

During 1879 - 1882, Faria illustrated in Buenos Aires the main satiric weekly ''El Mosquito'' and the new magazine ''Cotorra'' (English: parrot, windbag), introducing chromolithography in South America. Later he obtained the right to exclusively illustrate the artistic and literary weekly ''El Correo del Domingo'' (Sunday Post) and the daily ''El Gráfico'' (~ The graph).

France

In 1882 Faria emigrated to France and established his workshop at Paris, working with Charles Clérice of the Clérice Frères illustrators. Faria gained fame by his illustrations for books (e.g., ''Le fils de Porthos'' by Paul Mahalin, ''L'enfant d'Une vierge'' by Alfred Sirven, and ''Pour rire à deux'' by Olympe Audouard) and magazines (''La Caricature'' by Albert Robida, ''Le Papillon'', ''Le Monde illustré'' and ''La Musique pour tous''). But Faria also illustrated many editions of sheet music for the singer Paulus (Jean-Paul Habans) and created the portrait of the singer Montéhus used for numerous covers. He also illustrated sheet music for songs, romances and operettas by Justin Clérice, Louis Ganne, Charles Lecocq, Olivier Métra, Edmond Missa, Robert Planquette, Vincent Scotto and others.

Since 1895, Faria and the lithographers Sebaïn and Axelrod created posters for shows, tourism and general advertising. From 1902 up to his death in 1911 he was, with about 300 posters, the main poster designer for the film company Pathé ('' Les Victimes de l'alcoolisme'' by Ferdinand Zecca, ''L'assommoir'' based on Emile Zola, and so on).

In France Faria married and had a son Jacques, artist and father of Philippe Aragonez de Faria, who would curate his father's and grandfather's work.

Gallery

Le Violon brisé (couverture du petit format, 1885).jpg, Illustration for the music score of the song ''Le Violon brisé'', 1885.
Medrano Boum-Boum (c1900).jpg, Poster for the Cirque Medrano, Paris, c. 1900
Les chrysanthemes.jpg, Poster for ''Les chrysanthèmes'', a 1907 Pathé Frères film
Naissance de Jesus by Candido Faria.jpg, Poster for ''Vie et passion de notre seigneur Jésus-Christ'', a silent film directed by Ferdinand Zecca and Segundo de Chomón, 1907
En r'venant du premier mai. Illustration Faria.jpg, Sheet for the song ''En r'venant du premier mai''.
Les Vampires de la côte - Cândido de Faria - 1908 - EYE A03060 - neg0069.jpg, Film poster for ''Les Vampires de la côte'', 1908. Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands.
Le Cirque Miniature - Cândido de Faria - 1908 - NL-EYE-EFG1914 A05148.jpg, Film poster for ''Le Cirque Miniature'', 1908. Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands.
Le reflet vivant - Cândido de Faria - 1908 - EYE A05149.jpg, Film poster for ''Le reflet vivant'', 1908. Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands.
Vercingétorix - Cândido de Faria - 1909 - NL-EYE-EFG1914 A06136.jpg, Film poster for ''Vercingétorix'', 1909. Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands.
Candido Aragonez de Faria Chamonix-Mont-Blanc.jpg, Poster for ''Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, Cachat's majestic'' hotel. Ca. 1910.

Literature

* Philippe Aragonez de Faria:
**''Faria. Volume I, Biographie et oeuvre de Cândido de Faria et de Jacques de Faria, L'atelier Faria'', Le Chesnay (50 rue Moxouris, 78150), 1995. etc.
** ''Faria. Volume XIX, Biographie et oeuvre de Cândido de Faria et de Jacques de Faria, L'atelier Faria, Période parisienne'', Le Chesnay (50 rue Moxouris, 78150), 1995.
**''Cândido de Faria, 1849-1911: un maître de l'affiche'', Le Chesnay (50 rue Moxouris, 78150), 1999. Éd. commémorative du 150e anniversaire de la naissance de Cândido de Faria.
* Herman de Castro Lima, ''História da Caricatura Brasileira'' (4 vols.)

External links

*
Posters on the Gallica website
*
Covers of sheet music on the Gallica website
*
Files
on Ciné-Ressources
*
Covers of small format sheet music on Médihal (free images and open archives; collection ''Chansons-papier et édition musicale en images'')
*
Covers of large format musical parts of ''Illustrated Sheet Music'' (image database with information on dates, publishers and authors)




Luíz Antônio Barreto: ''Cândido Aragonez de Faria'', infonet.com.br

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Faria, Candido de
19th-century French painters
French male painters
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
1849 births
1911 deaths
French poster artists
19th-century French illustrators
20th-century French illustrators
French caricaturists
20th-century Brazilian painters
20th-century Brazilian male artists
Brazilian poster artists
19th-century Brazilian illustrators
20th-century Brazilian illustrators
Brazilian caricaturists
Art Nouveau illustrators
20th-century French printmakers
19th-century Brazilian painters
19th-century Brazilian male artists
Brazilian printmakers
19th-century French male artists
French satirists
Brazilian satirists
French magazine illustrators
Brazilian magazine illustrators
French magazine cartoonists
Brazilian magazine cartoonists
French advertising artists and illustrators
Brazilian advertising artists and illustrators
19th-century Brazilian lithographers
19th-century French lithographers
20th-century Brazilian lithographers
20th-century Brazilian lithographers