''Cyphostemma'' is a
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Vitaceae
The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as Vitis, grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). Th ...
, with around 250 species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. These
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
are
caudiciform and used to belong to the genus ''
Cissus
''Cissus'' is a genus of approximately 350 species of lianas (Woody plant, woody vines) in the grape family (Vitaceae). They have a cosmopolitan distribution, though the majority are to be found in the tropics.
Decription
Extrafloral nectaries ...
''.
[ The genus name comes from ]Greek
Greek may refer to:
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
''kyphos'', meaning ''hump'', and ''stemma'', meaning ''garland''.
Within the Vitaceae, ''Cyphostemma'' is most closely related to ''Cayratia
''Cayratia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Vitaceae. It consists of species of vine plants, typical of the tribe Cayratieae. Some of them are used by humans, and they are found in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa, Au ...
'' and ''Tetrastigma
''Tetrastigma'' is a genus of plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. The plants are lianas that climb with tendrils and have palmately compound leaves. Plants are dioecious, with separate male and female plants; female flowers are characterize ...
''. All species of ''Cyphostemma'' were once included in the genus ''Cissus'' but are now considered to be distinct.
Distribution
They originate from Northeast Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...
to southern Arabia
The Arabian Peninsula (, , or , , ) or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate. At , comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world.
Geographically, the ...
, in particular from Madagascar
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...
through to Indochina
Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to th ...
.
Species
#'' C. abercornense'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. adamii'' Desc.
#'' C. adenanthum'' (Fresen.) Desc.
#'' C. adenocarpum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. adenocaule'' (Steud. ''ex'' A.Rich.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. adenocephalum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. adenopodum'' (Sprague) Desc.
#'' C. agnus-castus'' (Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. allophyloides'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. alnifolium'' (Schweinf. ''ex'' Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. amplexicaule'' Desc.
#'' C. anatomicum'' (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. ankirihitrensis'' Desc.
#'' C. auriculata'' (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
#'' C. auriculatum'' (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
#'' C. bainesii'' (Hook.f.) Desc.
#'' C. bambuseti'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. barbosae'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. betiforme'' (Chiov.) Vollesen
#'' C. bidgoodiae'' Verdc.
#'' C. biternatum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. boranense'' Vollesen
#'' C. bororense'' (Klotzsch) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. braunii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. brieyi'' (De Wild.) Compère
#'' C. buchananii'' (Planch.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. bullatum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. burgeri'' Vollesen
#'' C. cabui'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. camerounense'' Desc.
#'' C. chevalieri'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. chloroleucum'' (Welw.''ex'' Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. chrysadenium'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. cirrhosum'' (Thunb.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. congestum'' (Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. congoense'' (auct.) Desc.
#'' C. connivens'' (Lam.) Desc.
#'' C. conradsii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. cornigera'' Desc.
#'' C. cornus-africani'' Thulin
#'' C. crassiusculum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. crinitum'' (Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. cristigera'' Desc.
#'' C. crithmifolium'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. crotalarioides'' (Planch.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. cryptoglandulosum'' Verdc.
#'' C. cuneatum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. currorii'' (Hook.f.) Desc.
#'' C. curvipodum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. cymosum'' (Schumach. & Thonn.) Desc.
#'' C. cyphopetalum'' (Fresen.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. dasycarpum'' Verdc.
#'' C. dasypleurum'' (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. decurrens'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. degraeri'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. delphinensis'' Desc.
#'' C. dembianensis'' (Chiov.) Vollesen
#'' C. descoingsii'' Lavie
#'' C. desenfansii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. digitatum'' (Forssk.) Desc.
#'' C. duparquettii'' (Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. dysocarpum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. echinocarpa'' Desc.
#'' C. egregium'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. elephantopus'' Desc.
#'' C. elisabethvilleanum'' (Dewit) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. eminii'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. engleri'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. erythreae'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. erythrocephalum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. feddeanum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. flavicans'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. flaviflorum'' (Sprague) Desc.
#'' C. fragariifolium'' (Bojer ''ex'' Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. fugosioides'' (Gilg) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. gigantophyllum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. gillettii'' (De Wild. & T.Durand) Desc.
#'' C. glandulosissimum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. glanduloso-pilosa'' Desc.
#'' C. gracillimum'' (Werderm.) Desc.
#'' C. grahamii'' Verdc.
#'' C. grandistipulatum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. graniticum'' (Wild & R.B.Drumm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. greenwayi'' Verdc.
#'' C. greveanum'' Desc.
#'' C. griseorubrum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. hardyi'' Retief
#'' C. haumanii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. hereroense'' (Schinz) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. heterotrichum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. hildebrandtii'' (Gilg) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. hispidiflorum'' (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. homblei'' (De Wild.) Desc.
#'' C. horombense'' Desc.
#'' C. huillense'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. humile'' (N.E.Br.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. hypargyreum'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. hypoleucum'' (Harv.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. jaegeri'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. jiguu'' Verdc.
#'' C. johannis'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. juttae'' (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. kaniamae'' (Mullend. ''ex'' Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. kapiriense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. keilii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. kibweziense'' Verdc.
#'' C. kilimandscharicum'' (Gilg) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. kirkianum'' (Planch.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. kiwakishiense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. knittelii'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. kundelunguense'' Malaisse
#'' C. lageniflorum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. lanigerum'' (Harv.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. laza'' Desc.
#'' C. leandrii'' Desc.
#'' C. ledermannii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. lelyi'' (Hutch.) Desc.
#'' C. lentianum'' (Volkens & Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. letouzeyanum'' Desc.
#'' C. leucorufescens'' Desc.
#'' C. leucotrichum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. libenii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. loandense'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. lovemorei'' Willd. & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. luteum'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. lynesii'' (Dewit) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. macrocarpa'' Desc.
#'' C. manambovensis'' Desc.
#'' C. manikense'' (De Wild.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. mannii'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. mappia'' (Lam.) Galet
#'' C. maranguense'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. marlothii'' (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. marunguense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. masukuense'' (Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. megabotrys'' (Collett & Hemsl.) B.V.Shetty
#'' C. meyeri-johannis'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Verdc.
#'' C. michelii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. micradenium'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. microdipterum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. migiurtinorum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. mildbraedii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. milleri'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. molle'' (Steud. ''ex'' A.Rich.) Desc.
#'' C. montagnacii'' Desc.
#'' C. montanum'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. muhuluense'' (Mildbr.) Desc.
#'' C. nanellum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. natalitium'' (Szyszyl.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. nigroglandulosum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. niveum'' (Hochst. ''ex'' Schweinf.) Desc.
#'' C. njegerre'' (Gilg & Strauss) Desc.
#'' C. obovato-oblongum'' (De Wild.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. odontadenium'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. oleraceum'' (Bolus) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. omburense'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. ornatum'' (A.Chev. ''ex'' Hutch. & Dalziel) Desc.
#'' C. ouakense'' Desc.
#'' C. overlaetii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. oxyphyllum'' (A.Rich.) Vollesen
#'' C. pachyanthum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. pachypus'' Desc.
#'' C. pannosum'' Vollesen
#'' C. passargei'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. paucidentatum'' (Klotzsch) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. pendulum'' (Welw. ex Baker) Desc..
#'' C. perforatum'' (Louis ''ex'' Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. phyllomicron'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. pobeguinianum'' Desc.
#'' C. princeae'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. pruriens'' (Welw. ''ex'' Baker) Desc.
#'' C. pseudoburgeri'' Verdc.
#'' C. pseudonjegerre'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. pseudorhodesiae'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. pseudosesquipedale'' Verdc.
#'' C. pseudoupembaense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. puberulum'' (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. pumilum'' Desc.
#'' C. quinatum'' (Dryand.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. rhodesiae'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. richardsiae'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. ringoetii'' (De Wild.) Desc.
#'' C. rivae'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. robsonii'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. robynsii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. roseiglandulosum'' Desc.
#'' C. rotundistipulatum'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. rowlandii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. ruacanense'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. rubroglandulosum'' Retief & B.-E.van Wyk
#'' C. rubromarginatum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. rubrosetosum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. rupicola'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. rutilans'' Desc.
#'' C. sakalavensis'' Desc.
#'' C. sanctuarium-selousii'' Verdc.
#'' C. sarcospathulum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. saxicola'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. saxicolum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. scarlatinum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. schimperi'' (Hochst. ''ex'' A.Rich.) Desc.
#'' C. schlechteri'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. schliebenii'' (Mildbr.) Desc.
#'' C. segmentatum'' (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. seitzianum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. septemfoliatum'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. serjanioides'' (Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. serpens'' (Hochst. ''ex'' A.Rich.) Desc.
#'' C. sesquipedale'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. sessilifolium'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. setosum'' (Roxb.) Alston
#'' C. shinyangense'' Verdc.
#'' C. simplicifolium'' A.Björnstad
#'' C. simulans'' (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. sokodense'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. spinosopilosum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. stefanianum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. stefaninianum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. stegosaurus'' Verdc.
#'' C. stenolobum'' (Welw. ''ex'' Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. stenopodum'' (Gilg ''ex'' Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. stipulaceum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. strigosum'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. subciliatum'' (Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. sulcatum'' (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. taborense'' Verdc.
#'' C. tenuissimum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. ternatomultifidum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. ternatum'' (Forssk.) Desc.
#'' C. thomasii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. tisserantii'' Desc.
#'' C. trachyphyllum'' (Werderm.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. trilobata'' (Lam.) M.R.Almeida
#'' C. triumfettoides'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. tsaratananensis'' Desc.
#'' C. ukerewense'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. upembaense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. urophyllum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. uter'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. uwanda'' Verdc.
#'' C. vandenbergheae'' Malaisse & Matamba
#'' C. vandenbrandeanum'' (Dewit) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. vanderbenii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. vanmeelii'' (Lawalrée) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. vezensis'' Desc.
#'' C. villosicaule'' Verdc.
#'' C. villosiglandulosum'' (Werderm.) Desc.
#'' C. violaceoglandulosum'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. viscosum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. vogelii'' (Hook.f.) Desc.
#'' C. vollesenii'' Verdc.
#'' C. waterlotii'' (A.Chev.) Desc.
#'' C. wilmsii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. wittei'' (Staner) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. woodii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. zanzibaricum'' Verdc.
#'' C. zechianum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. zimmermannii'' Verdc.
#'' C. zombense'' (Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
: List sources :[Grubben, G. J. H]
Vegetables.
PROTA. 2004.[NOTE: Each species from the list at Tropicos.org was also checked against its corresponding entry at ''theplantlist.org'' for accepted status before being included on this page. Species listed at ''theplantlist'' that were as yet unresolved were included on this list. ]
References
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1941482
Vitaceae genera