Cyclase

A cyclase is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecule ...

, almost always a

lyase In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bond A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms or ions that enables the formation of molecules and crystals. The bon ...

, that

catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycl ...

chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and break ...

to form a

cyclic compound A cyclic compound (or ring compound) is a term for a compound in the field of chemistry in which one or more series of atoms in the compound is connected to form a ring. Rings may vary in size from three to many atoms, and include examples where ...

. Important cyclase enzymes include: *

Adenylyl cyclase Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1, also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming). It catalyzes the following reaction: :A ...

, which forms

cyclic AMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transd ...

from

adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms ...

(EC 4.6.1.1) ** ADCY1 ** ADCY2 **

ADCY3 Adenylyl cyclase type 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY3'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ' ...

** ADCY4 ** ADCY5 **

ADCY6 Adenylyl cyclase type 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY6'' gene. Function This gene encodes adenylyl cyclase 6, which is a membrane-associated enzyme and catalyzes the formation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine m ...

** ADCY7 ** ADCY8 **

ADCY9 Adenylyl cyclase type 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY9'' gene. Function Adenylyl cyclase is a membrane bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. It is regulated by a family of G protein-coupled re ...

** ADCY10 *

Guanylyl cyclase Guanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2, also known as guanyl cyclase, guanylyl cyclase, or GC; systematic name GTP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-GMP-forming)) is a lyase enzyme that converts guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to cyclic guanos ...

, which forms

cyclic GMP Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP. Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in r ...

from

guanosine triphosphate Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process. Its structure is similar to that of the guanosine nucleoside, the only ...

(EC 4.6.1.2) **

GUCY1A2 Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GUCY1A2'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ...

GUCY1A3 Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GUCY1A3'' gene. Function Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heterodimeric protein consisting of an alpha and a beta subunit, catalyzes the conversion of ...

GUCY1B3 Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GUCY1B3'' gene. Function Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heterodimeric protein consisting of an alpha and a beta subunit, catalyzes the conversion of ...

** Guanylate cyclase 2C ** Guanylate cyclase 2D ** Guanylate cyclase 2F **

NPR1 Natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor A), also known as NPR1, is an atrial natriuretic peptide receptor. In humans it is encoded by the ''NPR1'' gene. Function NPR1 is a membrane-bound guanylat ...

** NPR2 * Protein cyclase, a

ligase In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining ( ligation) of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the larger molecules or the enz ...

enzyme that produces backbone-cyclised proteins by intramolecular transpeptidation {{enzyme index EC 4.6.1