A cyclase is an
enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
, almost always a
lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation
Redox ( , , reduction–oxidation or oxidatio ...
, that
catalyzes
Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quick ...
a
chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemistry, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an Gibbs free energy, ...
to form a
cyclic compound
A cyclic compound (or ring compound) is a term for a compound in the field of chemistry in which one or more series of atoms in the compound is connected to form a ring. Rings may vary in size from three to many atoms, and include examples where ...
. Important cyclase enzymes include:
*
Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1, also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming). It catalyzes the following reaction:
:A ...
, which forms
cyclic AMP
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triph ...
from
adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cell (biology), cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known ...
(EC 4.6.1.1)
**
ADCY1
Adenylyl cyclase type 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY1'' gene.
This gene encodes a form of adenylyl cyclase expressed in the brain. A similar protein in mice is involved in pattern formation of the brain.
Function
ADCY1 ...
**
ADCY2
**
ADCY3
**
ADCY4
**
ADCY5
**
ADCY6
**
ADCY7
**
ADCY8
**
ADCY9
**
ADCY10
*
Guanylyl cyclase
Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), also known as 5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid ( conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GMP consists of th ...
, which forms
cyclic GMP
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP. Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in res ...
from
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process. Its structure is similar to that of the guanosine nucleoside, the only di ...
(EC 4.6.1.2)
**
GUCY1A2
Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GUCY1A2'' gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleot ...
**
GUCY1A3
**
GUCY1B3
**
Guanylate cyclase 2C
**
Guanylate cyclase 2D
**
Guanylate cyclase 2F
**
NPR1
**
NPR2
* Protein cyclase, a
ligase
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining ( ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting i ...
enzyme that produces backbone-cyclised proteins by intramolecular
transpeptidation
{{enzyme index
EC 4.6.1