Csongrád (, , ) was an administrative county () of the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...

. Its territory, which was smaller than that of present-day

Csongrád-Csanád County Csongrád-Csanád ( ) is an administrative county (Counties of Hungary, comitatus or ''vármegye'') in southern Hungary, straddling the river Tisza, on the border with Serbia and Romania. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Bács-Kisku ...

, is now part of

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

, except a very small area which belongs to

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

. The capital of the county was

Szentes Szentes () is a town in south-eastern Hungary, Csongrád-Csanád County, Csongrád county, near the Tisza, Tisza river. The town is a cultural and educational center of the region. It is the third most populous town in Csongrád-Csanád County, Cso ...

Name

The county was named after a town of

Csongrád Csongrád (; , archaically also ''Црноград/Crnograd,'' ) is a town in Csongrád County in southern Hungary. History At the time of the Hungarian Conquest (the end of 9th century) the Maros Valley was under Bulgarian control. The fortre ...

, which has a

Slavic Slavic, Slav or Slavonic may refer to: Peoples * Slavic peoples, an ethno-linguistic group living in Europe and Asia ** East Slavic peoples, eastern group of Slavic peoples ** South Slavic peoples, southern group of Slavic peoples ** West Slav ...

origin, meaning "black city" ( = black, = city/town).

Geography

In the late-19th and early-20th centuries Csongrád county shared borders with the Hungarian counties of

Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun is the name of an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Hungary, comprising roughly the territory of the present Hungarian county Pest and the northern part of present ...

, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok,

Békés Békés (; ; ) is a town in Békés County, Hungary. It lies about north of Békéscsaba and east of Budapest. History The area of the present town has been inhabited since ancient times, due to its good soil and proximity to rivers. After ...

Csanád Csanád, also Chanadinus, or Cenad, was the first head ''(comes)'' of Csanád County in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 11th century. Csanád defeated and killed Ajtony who had ruled over the region now known as Banat (in R ...

, Torontál and Bács-Bodrog. Prior to the reforms of the late-19th century it had shared borders with the

Kiskunság Kiskunság ("Little Cumania", ) is a historical and geographical region in Hungary situated in the current between Kalocsa and Szeged. Its territory is 2,423 km2. Like other historical European regions called Cumania, it is named for the ...

/ Jászkunság, Pest County,

Heves County Heves county (, ) lies in northern Hungary, between the right bank of the river Tisza and the Mátra and Bükk mountains. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Pest (county), Pest, Nógrád (county), Nógrád, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and ...

, the

Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar The Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, or Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat (, , , ), was a crownland of the Austrian Empire that existed between 1849 and 1861, centered in Temeschwar. It was created by reorganization of admini ...

(1849-1860) and its predecessor the

Banat of Temeswar The Banat of Temeswar or Banat of Temes was a Habsburg province that existed between 1718 and 1778. It was located in the present day region of Banat, which was named after this province. The province was abolished in 1778 and the following ...

(until 1786). Until the mid-18th century the southern part of the county, including Szeged, had been part of the

Military Frontier The Military Frontier (; sh-Cyrl-Latn, Војна крајина, Vojna krajina, sh-Cyrl-Latn, Војна граница, Vojna granica, label=none; ; ) was a borderland of the Habsburg monarchy and later the Austrian and Austro-Hungari ...

, which the rest of the county bordered. The river

Tisza The Tisza, Tysa or Tisa (see below) is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. It was once called "the most Hungarian river" because it used to flow entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Today, it crosses several national bo ...

flowed through the county. Its area was around 1910.

History

Csongrád county arose in the 11th century as one of the first counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. It was taken by the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

in the 16th century, and reconquered by the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary at the end of the 17th century (recognised in the 1699

Treaty of Karlowitz The Treaty of Karlowitz, concluding the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699, in which the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the Holy League at the Battle of Zenta, was signed in Karlowitz, in the Military Frontier of the Habsburg Monarchy (present-day ...

). The southern part of the county, including Szeged, was part of the (Mureș)

until the mid-18th century. On 1 June 1786 the county was merged with

and

counties to form Békés-Csanád-Csongrád; they were re-separated in 1790. In the period following the

revolutions of 1848 The revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the springtime of the peoples or the springtime of nations, were a series of revolutions throughout Europe over the course of more than one year, from 1848 to 1849. It remains the most widespre ...

(1849–1860), Csongrád was part of the

Military District of Pest-Ofen {{refimprove, date=June 2012 The Military District of Pest-Ofen was one of the administrative units of the Habsburg monarchy, Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary from 1850 to 1860. The seat of the district was Buda, Ofen (Buda). It included central parts o ...

. The county gained

Kiskundorozsma Szeged ( , ; see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat of Csongrád-Csanád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most ...

with the abolition of the Jászkunság in 1876. Prior to that the area had formed a large salient (panhandle) mostly separating the southernmost area from the rest of the county; the two areas were connected by a small section of land between Kiskundorozsma and the Tisza only around across. In 1920, the

Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (; ; ; ), often referred to in Hungary as the Peace Dictate of Trianon or Dictate of Trianon, was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference. It was signed on the one side by Hungary ...

assigned a small part of the territory of the county – a small area around Horgos (now

Horgoš Horgoš (; ) is a village located in the municipality of Kanjiža, North Banat District, Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 5,709 inhabitants. A border crossing between Serbia and Hungary is located in the village. Hi ...

Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...

) in northern

Délvidék (, "southern land" or "southern territories") is a historical geographical term referring to varying areas in the southern part of what was the Kingdom of Hungary. In present-day usage, it often refers to the Vojvodina region of Serbia. In the Mi ...

– to the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" () has been its colloq ...

(renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929); the rest remained in Hungary. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, Hungary annexed the lost territory, but after the end of the war the previous borders were restored. In the , the south-western part of Csanád County (which comprised the Hungarian part of pre-1920

Torontál County Torontál (, , , ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between Serbia and Romania, except for a small area which is part of Hungary. The capital of the county was Nagybecskerek (, , ), ...

and the south-western part of pre-1920

Csanád County Csanád was an administrative county (Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now part of Hungary, except for a small area which is part of Romania. The capital of the county was Makó. Geography C ...

) was added to Csongrád county; Kardoskút was transferred to Békés county. Csongrád County was renamed

on 4 June 2020.

Demographics

Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Csongrád county were:

Earlier subdivisions

In the early 19th century Csongrád County was divided into two , which were separated by the

: in the west and in the east. In 1854 Csongrád county comprised the following (presented as they appear in the defining act):Gesetz vom 6. April 1854, RGBl. 80/1854: * * * (Hódmezővásárhely) * (i.e. the area around the city) * (i.e. the city itself)

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Csongrad County (Former) States and territories established in 1715 States and territories established in 1790 States and territories disestablished in 1552 1786 disestablishments States and territories disestablished in 1920 States and territories disestablished in 1946 Counties in the Kingdom of Hungary Vojvodina under Habsburg rule