In
cross-coupling reaction
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two fragments are joined together with the aid of a metal catalyst. In one important reaction type, a main group organometallic compound of the type R-M (R = organic fragment, M ...
s, the component reagents are called cross-coupling partners or simply coupling partners. These reagents can be further classified according to their
nucleophilic
In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they a ...
vs
electrophilic
In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom that car ...
character:
:R-X + R'-Y → R-R' + XY
Typically the electrophilic coupling partner (R-X) is an aryl halide, but triflates are also used. Nucleophilic coupling (R'-Y) partners are more diverse. In the
Suzuki reaction,
boronic esters and
boronic acids serve as nucleophilic coupling partners. Expanding the scope of coupling partners is a focus methods development in
organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the intentional construction of organic compounds. Organic molecules are often more complex than inorganic compounds, and their synthesis has developed into one o ...
.
[{{cite journal , title=4-Methoxy-4'-nitrophenyl. Recent Advances In The Stille Biaryl Coupling Reaction and Applications in Complex Natural Products Synthesis, doi=10.15227/orgsyn.088.0197, author=Robert M. Williams, journal=Org. Synth., year=2011, volume=88, pages=197–201 , pmid=21960729 , pmc=3181114 ]
References
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions