CosMoS CE2F were a series of

swimmer delivery vehicle A diver propulsion vehicle (DPV), also known as an underwater propulsion vehicle, sea scooter, underwater scooter, or swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV) by armed forces, is an item of diving equipment used by scuba divers to increase range underwa ...

s (SDV) built by M/s Cos.Mo.S Spa. which was based in

Livorno Livorno () is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of the Tuscany region of Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of 152,916 residents as of 2025. It is traditionally known in English as Leghorn ...

, Italy.

Design

Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum0161jfCamp Aguinaldo Arturo Enrile AFP Museum Capinpin Street Quezon Cityfvf 10

The craft weighs out of water and is long according to type. It resembles a

torpedo A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target. Historically, such ...

but has two cockpits for the crew. Some models have a roof with sliding doors for the cockpits. In some models the rear cockpit is long and can seat two divers for a total crew of three. Its battery-electric motors gives it a submerged range of at , the maximum speed being . For long distance it generally reaches the operating area either attached to or towed by another vessel. A belly-pan beneath its hull can carry special equipment, or of heavy explosive charges, or of

limpet mine A limpet mine is a type of naval mine attached to a target by magnets. It is so named because of its superficial similarity to the shape of the limpet, a type of sea snail that clings tightly to rocks or other hard surfaces. A swimmer or diver m ...

s, or small 'micro-torpedoes' stated to be for use against divers or small underwater vehicles. They were made in various variants and supplied to various countries. Models were designated according to maximum operating depth in metres, for example - /X30 means 30 m. X30, X60 and X100 versions were sold. The /X100T version was the most advanced type marketed showing the final evolution of the design. It has digital control module, displaying navigation and platform details, and a fully integrated

autopilot An autopilot is a system used to control the path of a vehicle without requiring constant manual control by a human operator. Autopilots do not replace human operators. Instead, the autopilot assists the operator's control of the vehicle, allow ...

. Images (see the references below) of the roofed versions of these vehicles show no forward direct vision windows (but only side windows in the sliding doors), and pilot vision was by a screen in the cockpit from a television camera, likeliest in the front of the vehicle's hemispherical bow; this presumably would prevent carriage of a warhead or other load by attaching it to the front of the bow as was done on

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

human torpedo Human torpedoes or manned torpedoes are a type of diver propulsion vehicle on which the diver rides, generally in a seated position behind a fairing. They were used as secret naval weapons in World War II. The basic concept is still in use. ...

es.

Timeline

* 1950s: The ex- Decima Flottiglia MAS member Ing. Pucciarini set up Cos.Mo.S Spa ('Cosmos'), which started to build wet subs for civilian and military use. The history of Cosmos was secretive and not well known. * 1950/51: Cosmos started making a type of small "chariot"-type wetsub called ''Ippocampo'' (Italian for "

seahorse A seahorse (also written ''sea-horse'' and ''sea horse'') is any of 46 species of small marine Osteichthyes, bony fish in the genus ''Hippocampus''. The genus name comes from the Ancient Greek (), itself from () meaning "horse" and () meanin ...

") for tourist and sports use. Some had a

petrol Gasoline (North American English) or petrol ( Commonwealth English) is a petrochemical product characterized as a transparent, yellowish, and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. When formul ...

engine with a long intake air hose to a float; some had a battery-electric engine. * Mid-1980s: Pucciarini sought retirement. The firm was eventually sold to Carlos Cardoen. * Late 1980s: Cosmos had been negotiating a sale of wetsubs to Iraq, but Middle East politics interfered. * April 1981: Woojungsa, a Korean scuba gear firm, was set up. * 1993: Woojungsa set up

Samcheok Samcheok (; ) is a city in Gangwon Province, South Korea. To the west are the Taebaek Mountains, which form a high flat plain of more than 1,000 meters, and to the east the coastal plain slopes sharply. Samcheok borders Donghae in the north, ...

Yard. * 1996: Woojungsa developed a Korean standard military

drysuit A dry suit or drysuit provides the wearer with environmental protection by way of thermal insulation and exclusion of water, and is worn by divers, boaters, water sports enthusiasts, and others who work or play in or near cold or contaminated ...

. * Woojungsa started making rigid inflatable boats, by technology transfer from Delta Power Services in UK. * 1997: The IMF crisis broke out, and Korea found it easier to make its own boats than to import them; Woojungsa benefitted from this. * Coastguards needed a better patrol boat for rough weather. This need was fulfilled by the first Korean self-righting patrol boat, which Woojungsa designed and made. * 1999: Woosungja set up its Research and Development lab is established. The company name was changed to VOGO. It means "treasure house" in Korean, and it is similar to the name of the powerful maritime figure

Jang Bogo Jang Bo-go (787–841), whose childhood name was Gungbok or Gungpa (), was a Sillan who rose to prominence in the Later Silla period of Korea as a powerful maritime figure who effectively controlled the Yellow Sea (West Sea), and dominated the ...

from the Shilla period. * 2000: VOGO started making aluminium ships. * Early 2000s: The Italian Government closed Cosmos down, stated to be because of undesirable political involvements. Cosmos had transferred technology to WooJungSa (now Vogo Engineering). Good quality of Cosmos's products led to new small/wet-sub manufacturers to start making them, including in South Korea, UAE, Sweden and Indonesia. * 2005: The latest (as at end of 2015) modern form of the CE2F submersible was developed. * 2013: Woosungja developed a submersible that can operate on surface and underwater. **

Specification

* Length - * Weight : 2.1 tonnes * Maximum depth : * Range: at * Speed : (underwater) * Crew: 2

List of customers

* Taiwan - CE2F/X30 * Greece - CE2F/X60 * Colombia - CE2F/X30 later upgraded to X60 * India - CE2F/X100 * Pakistan - CE2F/X?? * Argentina - CE2F/X60 * Egypt - CE2F * South Korea - CE2F/X60 * Philippines - 3 x CE2F/X60 ordered in the 1960s for then Underwater Operations Unit. 1 preserved for display at Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum

References

External links