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The following is a
glossary A glossary (from , ''glossa''; language, speech, wording), also known as a vocabulary or clavis, is an alphabetical list of Term (language), terms in a particular domain of knowledge with the definitions for those terms. Traditionally, a gloss ...
of terms used in
tables games Tables games are a class of board game that includes backgammon and which are played on a tables board, typically with two rows of 12 vertical markings called point (tables game), points. Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tab ...
, essentially games played on a Backgammon-type board. Terms in this glossary should not be game-specific (e.g. specific to a single game like
Backgammon Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards. It is the most widespread Western member of the large family of tables games, whose ancestors date back at least 1,600 years. The earliest record of backgammo ...
or Acey-deucey), but applicable to a range of tables games.


A

; ace # A die roll of one. # The face of a die with one pip. (Historically, 2=''deuce'', 3=''trey'', 4=''quater'', 5=''cinc'', 6=''sice''; though these terms are now obsolete.Murray (1941), p. 59.Parlett (2018), p. 28.) ; ace point : The player's first point on the board. Also home point or one point.


B

; backgammon : A game in which the loser has not only failed to
bear Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family (biology), family Ursidae (). They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats ...
any pieces off, but has pieces in the opponent's home table or on the bar. It is worth triple. ; bar : The central strip separating the left and right halves of the board, usually formed by the raised edges or rails of each half board. The raised partition of the board.Longacre (1980), pp. 129 ff. ; bear off : To remove one's
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
from the board in the final stages of a
game A game is a structured type of play usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or video games) or art ...
. The first to do so usually wins the game; however, in Trictrac, it scores points but the game continues. Also throw off or take off. ; bearing table : The table in which
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
are borne off.Forgeng and Mclean (2008), p. 224. ; block : Any point on the board where two or more
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
rest. An opponent may not
land Land, also known as dry land, ground, or earth, is the solid terrestrial surface of Earth not submerged by the ocean or another body of water. It makes up 29.2% of Earth's surface and includes all continents and islands. Earth's land sur ...
on such a point. ; blockade : A succession of blocked points i.e. points held by at least two
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
. Also prime.Crane (2006), pp. 139 ff. ; blot : A single
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
on a point. In many
tables games Tables games are a class of board game that includes backgammon and which are played on a tables board, typically with two rows of 12 vertical markings called point (tables game), points. Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tab ...
, this is a vulnerable situation as the man is liable to be hit by an opposing man. ; board # The whole playing area, traditionally a hinged, wooden tray. # Same as quadrant. Thus there are four boards. In
Backgammon Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards. It is the most widespread Western member of the large family of tables games, whose ancestors date back at least 1,600 years. The earliest record of backgammo ...
and similar games, there is a home board and outer board on each player's side. ; break a point : To remove one of two
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
on a point, thus leaving a blot. Also clear a point. ; builder : Once two
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
have been placed on a point, any extra men are builders.


C

; cast # The number rolled on a die or
dice A die (: dice, sometimes also used as ) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, ro ...
.Cram & Forgeng (2017), pp. 243–311 # To throw or roll the die or
dice A die (: dice, sometimes also used as ) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, ro ...
.Fiske (1905), pp. 158–160. ; checker : US backgammon term for any of the pieces used for playing the
game A game is a structured type of play usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or video games) or art ...
. Also counter, man or stone. ; cinque # A die roll of five # The face of a die with five pips. ; closed point, closed space # Usually, a point or
space Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless ...
that is occupied by two or more opposing
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
. # In some games, a point or
space Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless ...
that is occupied by exactly two opposing
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
. See Nard. ; cocked die : A die that comes to rest tilted and not flat. May be automatically invalid in some games. ; come in, come on : To bring a
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
back into play, after it has been hit or knocked off. ; contrary movement : A game of contrary movement is one in which the players move their pieces in opposing directions. Examples:
Backgammon Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards. It is the most widespread Western member of the large family of tables games, whose ancestors date back at least 1,600 years. The earliest record of backgammo ...
, Trictrac.Parlett (1999), pp. 75–86 ; corner rattler, hornaskella : A player's last pieces in the Icelandic game Chasing the girls (Að Elta Stelpur).Bell (1979). ; counter : Any one of the pieces used for playing the
game A game is a structured type of play usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or video games) or art ...
. Also checker (US), man or stone. ; cover a blot : To place a second
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
on an isolated piece thus making a point. ; cup : The container used to throw the dice or die. Should have a small lip on the inside to prevent fixing the dice. Also dice cup.


D

; dice cup : A
cup A cup is an open-top vessel (container) used to hold liquids for drinking, typically with a flattened hemispherical shape, and often with a capacity of about . Cups may be made of pottery (including porcelain), glass, metal, wood, stone, pol ...
used to shake and roll the
dice A die (: dice, sometimes also used as ) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, ro ...
. ; die, dice : A die is one of usually two or three six-sided cubes used in playing a tables game. Each face of the cube is marked with a number of pips from 1 to 6 that is used in moving
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
or scoring. Plural: dice. ; division : Same as quadrant. ; doubles : See doublet. ; doublet : Two
dice A die (: dice, sometimes also used as ) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, ro ...
each with the same pip count. In some
tables games Tables games are a class of board game that includes backgammon and which are played on a tables board, typically with two rows of 12 vertical markings called point (tables game), points. Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tab ...
, the player plays each die twice. Also doubles. : In French tables games, there were individual names for the doublets as follows:''Trictrac''
at ''Le Salon des Jeux''. Retrieved 29 October 2021. * doublet of Aces: ''bezas'' (diminutive of ''ambesas''), ''bezet''; * doublet of 2: double two (''doublet de deux''); * doublet of 3: ''ternes''; * doublet of 4: ''carmes''; * doublet of 5: ''quines''; * doublet of 6: ''sonnez'' ("ring the bells"). ; doubling cube, doubling die : An extra and slightly larger die used especially in modern Backgammon to raise the game value or stakes on the game. Marked with the numerals 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64.''Backgammon Galore Glossary''
at bkgm.com. Retrieved 27 September 2022.


E

; enter : To play a piece onto the tables or board. ; expose a blot, expose a point : See uncover a blot. ; exposed : Said of a
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
that sits alone on a point. In most games he is vulnerable to being hit by an opposing man.


G

; gammon : A game in which the loser has failed to
bear off The following is a glossary of terms used in tables games, essentially games played on a Backgammon-type board. Terms in this glossary should not be game-specific (e.g. specific to a single game like Backgammon or Acey-deucey), but applicable to ...
any pieces. It is worth double.


H

; hit # In hitting games, to force an isolated opposing piece (or blot) off the board by moving a piece to the point concerned e.g. as in
Backgammon Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards. It is the most widespread Western member of the large family of tables games, whose ancestors date back at least 1,600 years. The earliest record of backgammo ...
. Also 'knock off'. # To score points by being in a position to move a piece to a point on which an isolated opposing piece is located e.g. as in Trictrac. ; hit and run, hit-and-run : Move in which a player uses one throw to hit an opposing blot and a second throw to move the hitting piece to a point occupied by a friendly piece. ; hitting game : A game in which hitting a blot is permitted. Examples:
Backgammon Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards. It is the most widespread Western member of the large family of tables games, whose ancestors date back at least 1,600 years. The earliest record of backgammo ...
and Portes.Papahristou & Refanidis (2013), pp. 2–3. ; home # noun. The first point on a player's side. # noun. The starting or finishing point. # adverb. To the player's first six points. # To play at home. To play one's pieces in one's first twelve points. ; home board, home table : That quadrant of the board containing a player's points 1 to 6. Also inner board or inner table.Jacoby & Crawford (1970), pp. 220–224. Sometimes also called the finishing quadrant or bearing table. ; home point : See ace point. ; homewards : Towards the player's first point.


I

; inner board, inner table : See home board.


K

; knock off : See hit.


M

; march : The route of one or more
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
around the board. ; man, men : Any of the counters used to play a tables game. Formerly table-man.Halliwell-Phillips (1852), p. 845.Parlett (1999), p. 58. Man is the traditional English term, but it is also called a checker (US), counter, piece or stone. ; move : The action of advancing a
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
in accordance with the roll of a die. If a man is advanced by the total score on two dice, it is a double move.


O

; off the board : Placed anywhere that is not on the playing surface. Where a
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
is sent when hit. ; open point, open space # Usually, a point or
space Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless ...
that is not occupied by two or more opposing
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
. # In some games, point or
space Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless ...
that is not occupied by exactly two
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
. See Nard. ; opening roll : The first dice throw of a game which decides who will go first ; outer board, outer table : The penultimate quadrant of the board, preceding the player's home table or inner table.


P

; parallel movement : A game of parallel movement is one in which the players move their pieces in the same direction around the board. Examples: Fevga, Jacquet, Narde, Moultezim. ; piece : Any of the counters used in
tables games Tables games are a class of board game that includes backgammon and which are played on a tables board, typically with two rows of 12 vertical markings called point (tables game), points. Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tab ...
.Parlett (1999), p. 58. Also checker, man or stone.
Man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
is the traditional term. ; pile # A stack of two or more
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
on a point.Murray (1941), pp. 57–69. # To place men one on top of another. ; pin, pinning, pinning a blot : In pinning games, to move a piece onto a point containing a single enemy
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
thus preventing it from further movement. ; pinning game : A game in which pinning a blot is permitted. Example:
Plakoto Plakoto (Πλακωτό) is a tables game for two players that is popular in Greece. The object is for the player to bring all 15 pieces around to his or her own home board and then bear them off. The player who bears off all 15 pieces first ...
. ; pip, pips : The spots on the
dice A die (: dice, sometimes also used as ) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, ro ...
. ; play : To move a
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
based on the roll of a die or
dice A die (: dice, sometimes also used as ) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, ro ...
. ; point, make a point, make the point # Any one of the triangular spaces on a tables board. # To make a point is to establish two or more
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
on it such that it cannot be captured. ; prime # A succession of blocked points, normally points held by at least two opposing
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
. Also blockade. # A succession of six points so occupied. Also side prime.


Q

; quadrant : One of the four sections of a tables board. Also board, division, quarter or table. ; quarter : Same as quadrant.


R

; rail : Same as off the board.Obolenksky and James (1974), pp. 169–171. The rail is the raised edge of the board. ; re-enter : To play a
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
to the board after it has been removed, typically after being hit. ; rest : A
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
is said to 'rest' when he pauses on an intermediate point in moving the total of two or more
dice A die (: dice, sometimes also used as ) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, ro ...
. ; roll the die, roll the dice : To project or throw the die or dice onto the board. Also cast or throw. ; running game : A game in which there is no hitting or pinning and players 'race' around the board in the same direction. Example: Fevga. See also games of parallel movement.


S

; setting the men : To place the
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
in position at the start of a
game A game is a structured type of play usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or video games) or art ...
. ; side prime : A blockade of six consecutive points. See also prime. ; singleton : A single
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
on a point; also called a blot.Bell (1979). ; space : One of usually 24 rectangular sections of a tables board, especially an historical one, one which
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
may be placed during play. Equivalent of point q.v. ; stack # To place
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
one on top of one another. Also pile. # A heap of men so placed. Also pile. ; stone : See
man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...
.


T

; table # Same as quadrant. One of the four divisions of the board. # Sometimes used to describe each half of the board (left and right). ; tableman, tablemen, table-man, table-men : Original name for the pieces or
men A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the fa ...
, q.v. ; Tables board : The playing surface of a tables game. ; Tables game : A game played using a tables board. ; ''talon'' : Point no. 1 in French
tables games Tables games are a class of board game that includes backgammon and which are played on a tables board, typically with two rows of 12 vertical markings called point (tables game), points. Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tab ...
such as Trictrac and Jacquet.Lalanne, Philippe (2021)
''Jacquet''
an

at ''Le Salon des Jeux''. Retrieved 14 November 2021. ; throw # Same as roll when referring to dice. # Throw off. Same as
bear off The following is a glossary of terms used in tables games, essentially games played on a Backgammon-type board. Terms in this glossary should not be game-specific (e.g. specific to a single game like Backgammon or Acey-deucey), but applicable to ...
. ; trictrac, Trictrac board : Type of board used for Trictrac and other French
tables games Tables games are a class of board game that includes backgammon and which are played on a tables board, typically with two rows of 12 vertical markings called point (tables game), points. Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tab ...
. Similar to a backgammon board, but with high side rails and holes in the rails for scoring purposes. ; triplet : Three dice each with the same pip count.


U

; uncover a blot, uncover a point : To remove a man or men from a point leaving only one man behind, who is thus exposed.


Footnotes


References


Literature

* Bell, R. C. (1979). ''Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations''. NY: Dover. * Clay, Robin A. (1992). ''Backgammon''. London: Hodder. * Crane, Michael (2006). ''Backgammon''. London: Teach Yourself. * Forgeng, Jeff, Dorothy Johnston and David Cram (2003). ''Francis Willughby's Book of Games''. Ashgate Press. . * Halliwell-Phillips, James Orchard (1852). ''A Dictionary of Archaic & Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs'', Volume 2 (J–Z). London: John Russell Smith. * Jacoby, Oswald and John R. Crawford (1970)
''The Backgammon Book''
NY: Vikong. * Longacre, John (1980). ''Backgammon of Today''. NY: Bell. * * Murray, H. J. R. (1941). "“The Mediaeval Games of Tables" in ''Medium Aevum'', Vol. 10, ed. by Charles Talbot Onions. Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. pp. 57-69. * Obolensky, Prince Alexis and Ted James (1974)
''Backgammon''
London: Star. riginally publ. as ''Backgammon: The Action Game'', NY: Collier (1969) and London: Allen (1971).* * Singman, Jeffrey L. (1999). ''Daily Life in Medieval Europe''. Westport: Greenwood.


External links


Glossary
of the US Backgammon Federation. {{Tables games
Tables games Tables games are a class of board game that includes backgammon and which are played on a tables board, typically with two rows of 12 vertical markings called point (tables game), points. Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tab ...
* Wikipedia glossaries using description lists