The Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland (, PCP-PR) is a

far-left Far-left politics, also known as extreme left politics or left-wing extremism, are politics further to the left on the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left. The term does not have a single, coherent definition; some ...

communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...

political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ...

in Peru. It was founded in 1970, through a split in the Peruvian Communist Party – Red Flag. It is led by

Alberto Moreno Alberto Moreno Pérez (; born 5 July 1992) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for club Como. An academy graduate of local side Sevilla, he made his senior debut for the club's reserve side in 2011 before going on t ...

and Rolando Breña. Its youth wing is the Communist Youth of Peru. In 1980 it participated in the general elections on the lists of UNIR. In the same year it became one of the founding organizations of the United Left (IU). After the downfall of IU, PCdelP-PR launched New Left Movement (MNI) as its electoral front. Currently PCdelP-PR is the major

Marxist Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflic ...

group in the country. It used to participate in the build-up of the Broad Left Front (FAI) and it is currently a member of the

left-wing Left-wing politics describes the range of Ideology#Political ideologies, political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy either as a whole or of certain social ...

electoral coalition

Together for Peru Together for Peru () is a Peruvian Centre-left politics, centre-left to Left-wing politics, left-wing Political alliance, political coalition founded with the incumbent registration of the Peruvian Humanist Party. Formally a registered political ...

. The general secretary of the party, Alberto Moreno, was the FAI candidate in the 2006 presidential elections. The official organ of the Central Committee of the party is called ''Patria Roja''.

History

Background

José Carlos Mariátegui José Carlos Mariátegui La Chira (; June 14, 1894 – April 16, 1930) was a Peruvian writer, sociologist, historian, journalist, politician, and Marxist philosopher. A prolific author despite his early death, El Amauta (from Quechua: ham ...

, a Peruvian Marxist from the early 20th century, founded the Peruvian Socialist Party in 1928. He embraced Marxism during his stay in Europe in the 1920s, and he is considered one of the main intellectuals of Latin American left-wing thought, known for his integral study of the Peruvian reality through dialectical materialism in his famous work '' Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality''. Aside from organizing the Socialist Party of Peru, Mariátegui also supported the creation of the Workers' General Confederation of Peru (CGTP), as well as the Yanaconas Federation After Mariátegui's death, Eudocio Ravines, following orders from the Soviet Union, renames the party to the Peruvian Communist Party (PCP). After the year 1930, the party started having problems with the different military dictatorships and

right-wing Right-wing politics is the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position based on natural law, economics, authority, property ...

governments, as well as with other political groupings of the age. It also had to confront the

American Popular Revolutionary Alliance The Peruvian Aprista Party (, PAP) () is a Peruvian social-democratic political party and a member of the Socialist International. The party was founded as the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (, APRA) by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Tor ...

founded by

Victor Raul Haya de la Torre The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...

, a

socialist Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...

but openly

anti-communist Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when th ...

movement. The PCP influenced with its idea to the CGTP, the Students Federation of Peru (FEP), various

feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideology, ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social gender equality, equality of the sexes. Feminism holds the position that modern soci ...

and intersectionalist movements, supporting the fight for

socialism Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...

in the world and the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. However, during the 1950s and 1960s, the PCP, led by Jorge del Prado, is thought to have adopted more

Eurocommunist Eurocommunism was a trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties, which said they had developed a theory and practice of social transformation more relevant for Western Europe. During the Cold War, they sough ...

and reformist positions which decreased its influence.

Origins and foundation

Controversies and the later split in the year 1963 between the

Communist Party of the Soviet Union The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),. Abbreviated in Russian as КПСС, ''KPSS''. at some points known as the Russian Communist Party (RCP), All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet ...

and the

Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...

, the

Sino-Soviet split The Sino-Soviet split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War. This was primarily caused by divergences that arose from their ...

, ended up being one of the main reasons of the many schisms in the party. It held an important role in the IV National Conference in 1964, where the first big schism of the party would happen between a pro-

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

faction and a pro-

Maoist Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic o ...

faction. This last faction breaks off the party to create its own, the Communist Party of Peru – Red Flag, a Maoist Communist party led by Saturnino Paredes. In that same period, different left-wing organizations appear, inspired by the success of

Trotskyism Trotskyism (, ) is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Russian revolutionary and intellectual Leon Trotsky along with some other members of the Left Opposition and the Fourth International. Trotsky described himself as an ...

, Fochism, the success of the

Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution () was the military and political movement that overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista, who had ruled Cuba from 1952 to 1959. The revolution began after the 1952 Cuban coup d'état, in which Batista overthrew ...

and other

liberation movement A liberation movement is an organization or political movement leading a rebellion, or a non-violent social movement, against a colonial power or national government, often seeking independence based on a nationalist identity and an anti-imperiali ...

s from colonized countries, meanwhile the original Peruvian Communist Party is led by Jorge del Prado. In 1968 different organizations of the party, such as the Regional Committee of Ica, National Organization Committee and the Political-Military Committee Red Fatherland, join into a "National Committee of Reorganization" whose objective was to fight against the dogmatic direction the PCP-Red Flag was taking. This phase ends in the VI National Conference in 1969, where a group of anti-revisionist Marxists is expelled and, in 1970, those expelled members would end up forming Red Fatherland.

2020 Peruvian protests

The party supported the

2020 Peruvian protests The 2020 Peruvian protests were a series of demonstrations sparked after the removal of President Martín Vizcarra that took place from 9 November to 17 November 2020. The controversial removal of Vizcarra was recognized as a coup d'état by ma ...

and the removal of Manuel Merino, and labelled the

removal of Martín Vizcarra Removal may refer to: * Removal (band) * Removal jurisdiction in the United States courts * Deportation, the legal removal by a government of a foreign citizen from its territory * Removal of a child from its parents and placement in foster care ...

as a coup d'état by Congress.

Bibliography

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References