''Codonopsis'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

in the family

Campanulaceae The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants bel ...

. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.''Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref>Flora of China v 19 p 505, 桔梗科 jie geng ke, Campanulaceae
/ref> The enlarged genus ''Codonopsis'' is widespread across eastern, southern, central, and southeastern

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

, including

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

, the

Russian Far East The Russian Far East ( rus, Дальний Восток России, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in North Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asia, Asian continent, and is coextensive with the Far Easte ...

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

, the

Indian Subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakista ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

Indochina Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to th ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

, etc.

Uses

Medicinal uses

'' Codonopsis pilosula'' () is an important medicinal herb in

traditional Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medicine, alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. A large share of its claims are pseudoscientific, with the majority of treatments having no robust evidence ...

.Li, C. Y., et al. (2009)
Quality assessment of Radix Codonopsis by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance.
''Journal of Chromatography A'' 1216(11) 2124-29.

Food uses

'' Codonopsis lanceolata'' (Korean: deodeok) is used as a food in

Korean cuisine Korean cuisine is the set of foods and culinary styles which are associated with Korean culture. This cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient Prehistoric Korea, agricultural and nomad ...

Species

49 species are accepted.''Codonopsis'' Wall.
''

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

''. Retrieved 23 August 2024. *'' Codonopsis affinis'' – China, Himalayas, Myanmar () *'' Codonopsis alpina'' – (高山党参) – west-central China, northern Myanmar, and Tibet *'' Codonopsis argentea'' – (银背叶党参) – west-central China *''

Codonopsis atriplicifolia ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' *''

Codonopsis bactriana ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' *''

Codonopsis benthamii ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' – China, Himalayas, Myanmar *''

Codonopsis bhutanica ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' – Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet *''

Codonopsis bomiensis ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' *''

Codonopsis bragaensis ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' – Nepal *''

Codonopsis bulleyana ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' – (管钟党参) *''

Codonopsis campanulata ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' *''

Codonopsis canescens ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' – (灰毛党参) *''

Codonopsis cardiophylla ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' – (光叶党参) *'' Codonopsis chimiliensis'' – Yunnan, Myanmar (滇湎党参) *'' Codonopsis chlorocodon'' – (绿钟党参) *'' Codonopsis clematidea'' – Central Asia, Tibet, Xinjiang, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, western Himalayas (新疆党参) *'' Codonopsis cordifolioidea'' – (心叶党参) *'' Codonopsis deltoidea'' – (三角叶党参) *'' Codonopsis elliptica'' *'' Codonopsis farreri'' (synonym ''Codonopsis gombalana'' ) – Yunnan, Myanmar – (秃叶党参, 贡山党参) *'' Codonopsis foetens'' – China, eastern Himalayas (臭党参) *'' Codonopsis gongshanica'' *'' Codonopsis gracilis'' – Yunnan, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam *'' Codonopsis hemisphaerica'' *'' Codonopsis henryi'' (synonym ''Codonopsis levicalyx'' ) – (川鄂党参, 光萼党参) *'' Codonopsis hongii'' *'' Codonopsis inflata'' – Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam *'' Codonopsis javanica'' – widespread across China, Japan, Himalayas, Indochina, Java, Sumatra *'' Codonopsis kawakamii'' – Taiwan (台湾党参) *'' Codonopsis lanceolata'' – China, Korea, Japan, Russian Far East (羊乳) *'' Codonopsis lixianica'' *''

Codonopsis macrophylla ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' – Tibet *'' Codonopsis meleagris'' – (珠鸡斑党参) *'' Codonopsis micrantha'' – (小花党参) *'' Codonopsis microtubulosa'' *'' Codonopsis obtusa'' *''

Codonopsis ovata ''Codonopsis'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, ''Codonopsis'' includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. ''Campanumoea'' and ''Leptocodon.'' The enlarged genus ''Codo ...

'' – Pakistan, Kashmir *'' Codonopsis pilosula'' – China, Mongolia, Korea, Primorye (党参) *'' Codonopsis rotundifolia'' – Tibet, Yunnan, Himalayas (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan) *'' Codonopsis subglobosa'' – (球花党参) *'' Codonopsis subscaposa'' – (抽葶党参) *'' Codonopsis subsimplex'' – Tibet, Himalayas (India, Nepal, Bhutan) (藏南党参) *'' Codonopsis thalictrifolia'' – Tibet, Himalayas (India, Nepal, Bhutan) – (唐松草党参) *'' Codonopsis tsinglingensis'' – (秦岭党参) *'' Codonopsis tubulosa'' – (管花党参) *'' Codonopsis ussuriensis'' – China, Japan, Korea, Primorye (雀斑党参) *'' Codonopsis viridiflora'' – (绿花党参) *'' Codonopsis viridis'' – Tibet, Himalayas (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan)

Formerly placed here

*'' Himalacodon dicentrifolius'' (as ''Codonopsis dicentrifolia'' ) – (珠峰党参) *'' Pankycodon purpureus'' (as ''Codonopsis purpurea'' ) – Tibet, Yunnan, Himalayas (India, Nepal, Bhutan) (紫花党参) * '' Pseudocodon convolvulaceus'' (as ''Codonopsis convolvulacea'' ) – Tibet, Yunnan, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar (鸡蛋参) ** ''Pseudocodon convolvulaceus'' subsp. ''forrestii'' (as ''Codonopsis forrestii'' ) – China, Myanmar * '' Pseudocodon rosulatus'' (as ''Codonopsis rosulata'' ) – (莲座状党参)

References

External links

Codonopsis Examples and Information
Campanuloideae Campanulaceae genera Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine Medicinal plants {{medicinal-plant-stub