The Codex Veronensis, designated by the

siglum Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mecha ...

b (used in the critical editions of Nestle-Åland and the UBS Greek New Testament) or 4 (in the Beuron system), is a 5th-century

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

manuscript of the four

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christianity, Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the second century Anno domino, AD the term (, from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message w ...

s, written on

vellum Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin (rather than the skin of other animals), or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellu ...

which has been dyed purple. The text is written in silver and occasionally gold ink, and is a version of the

old Latin Old Latin, also known as Early, Archaic or Priscan Latin (Classical ), was the Latin language in the period roughly before 75 BC, i.e. before the age of Classical Latin. A member of the Italic languages, it descends from a common Proto-Italic ...

New Testament Gospels. The Gospels follow in the Western order.

Description

The manuscript is a

codex The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format of a stack of pages bound at one edge, along the side of the text. But the term ''codex'' is now r ...

(precursor to the modern

book A book is a structured presentation of recorded information, primarily verbal and graphical, through a medium. Originally physical, electronic books and audiobooks are now existent. Physical books are objects that contain printed material, ...

), containing the Latin text of the four

s written on purple parchment, with 1 column and 18 lines per page. It has several missing sections (Matthew 1:1-11; 15:12-23; 23:18-27; John 7:44-8:12; Luke 19:26-21:29; Mark 13:9-19; 13:24-16:20). On the several pages which are missing, they also include the pages which contained John 7:44-8:11. Space-considerations show that the missing pages included John 7:53-8:11, the passage known as the Pericope Adulterae. Gold ink is used for the first page of each Gospel book, and all

nomina sacra In Christian scribal practice, (singular: , Latin for 'sacred name') is the abbreviation of several frequently occurring divine names or titles, especially in Greek manuscripts of the Bible. A consists of two or more letters from the original w ...

(special names/titles employed in early Christian writings and copies of the New Testament books) are also written in gold ink. In Luke 8:21 it reads αυτον instead of αυτους; the reading αυτον is supported by , and Minuscule 705. In John 1:34 reads ὁ ἐκλεκτός together with the manuscripts , , א, e, ff, syr. In John 14:14 the entire verse is omitted along with manuscripts X ''f'' 565 1009 1365 ℓ ''76'' ℓ ''253'' vg sy arm geo Diatessaron. The Latin text of the codex is a representative of the

Western text-type In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Western text-type is one of the main text types. It is the predominant form of the New Testament text witnessed in the Old Latin and Syriac translations from the Greek, and also in quotations from ...

in its European/Italian recension. The codex is one of the principal witnesses to the Old Latin Text-Type I along with manuscripts Codex Corbeiensis II (VL8) and Codex Vindobonensis (VL17), although in John 1:1-10:13 it has a slightly earlier type of the Old Latin text. In biblical scholar Francis Crawford Burkitt's opinion, it represents the type of text that

Jerome Jerome (; ; ; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian presbyter, priest, Confessor of the Faith, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome. He is best known ...

used as the basis of the

Vulgate The Vulgate () is a late-4th-century Bible translations into Latin, Latin translation of the Bible. It is largely the work of Saint Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels used by the Diocese of ...

. The manuscript was examined by Giuseppe Bianchini in the mid-18th century. The text was edited by Bianchini, Belsheim, J. Belsheim
''Codex Veronensis. Quattuor Evangelia''
(Prague, 1904). and Jülicher. It was named Veronensis after Verona, the city where it was located. It is currently located in the Chapter Library, at the

Verona Cathedral file:Italy - Verona - Cathedral.jpg, 250px, Verona Cathedral (2022) Verona Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Verona, northern Italy, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary under the designation ''Santa Maria Matricolare''. It is the episc ...

(''Biblioteca Capitolare della Cattedrale di Verona'').

References

External links

Image from ''Codex Veronensis''More information at Earlier Latin Manuscripts
{{DEFAULTSORT:Veronensis Purple parchment Gospel Books Vetus Latina New Testament manuscripts 5th-century biblical manuscripts 5th-century illuminated manuscripts

Description

See also

References

Further reading

External links