The coat of arms of Russia derives from the earlier coat of arms of the Russian Empire. Though modified more than once since the reign of Ivan III (1462–1505), the current coat of arms is directly derived from its medieval original, with the

double-headed eagle The double-headed eagle is an Iconology, iconographic symbol originating in the Bronze Age. The earliest predecessors of the symbol can be found in Mycenaean Greece and in the Ancient Near East, especially in Mesopotamian and Hittite Empire#icon ...

having

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...

and earlier antecedents. The general

tincture A tincture is typically an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Solvent concentrations of 25–60% are common, but may run as high as 90%.Groot Handboek Geneeskrachtige Planten by Geert Verhelst In chemistr ...

corresponds to the fifteenth-century standard.

Description and usage

The two main elements of Russian state symbols (the two-headed eagle and Saint George slaying the dragon) predate Peter the Great. According to the Kremlin's website:

«...четырёхугольный, с закруглёнными нижними углами, заострённый в оконечности красный геральдический щит с золотым двуглавым орлом, поднявшим вверх распущенные крылья. Орел увенчан двумя малыми коронами и — над ними — одной большой короной, соединенными лентой. В правой лапе орла — скипетр, в левой — держава. На груди орла, в красном щите, — серебряный всадник в синем плаще на серебряном коне, поражающий серебряным копьём черного опрокинутого навзничь и попранного конём дракона.»

Which is translated as:

"… a gold two-headed eagle with raised extended wings set against a four-cornered red heraldic shield with rounded lower corners. Two small crowns top the eagle's heads, with one large crown above them. The three crowns are linked by a ribbon. The eagle holds a sceptre in its right claw and an orb in its left claw. The eagle bears a red shield on its breast depicting a silver horseman in a blue cape, mounted upon a silver horse and slaying a black dragon with a silver spear."

The current coat of arms was designed by artist Yevgeny Ukhnalyov; it was adopted on 30 November 1993 by a

presidential decree A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, royal figure, or other relevant authorities, according to certain procedures. These procedures are usually defined by the constitution, Legislative laws, or customary l ...

, and then by a

federal law Federal law is the body of law created by the federal government of a country. A federal government is formed when a country has a central government as well as regional governments, such as subnational states or provinces, each with constituti ...

signed by President

Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as Prime Minister of Ru ...

on December 20, 2000. Russia 2018

Today, the imperial crowns on each head stand for the unity and sovereignty of

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, both as a whole and in its constituent republics and regions. The orb and scepter grasped in the eagle's talons are traditional heraldic symbols of sovereign power and authority. Of note is that the scepter shows the

Droste effect The Droste effect (), known in art as an example of ''mise en abyme'', is the effect of a picture recursion, recursively appearing within itself, in a place where a similar picture would realistically be expected to appear. This produces a loo ...

, as it is topped by a miniature image of the coat-of-arms itself. They have been retained in the modern Russian arms despite the fact that the Russian Federation is not a monarchy, which led to objections by the Communists even though both the blue ribbon and the collar of the Order of St. Andrew (which in the imperial arms supported the three crowns and surrounded the central

shield A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand, which may or may not be strapped to the wrist or forearm. Shields are used to intercept specific attacks, whether from close-ranged weaponry like spears or long ranged projectiles suc ...

) have been removed from the current coat of arms. It appears on the federal buildings and is on the cover of the national passport. The standard of the

president of Russia The president of Russia, officially the president of the Russian Federation (), is the executive head of state of Russia. The president is the chair of the State Council (Russia), Federal State Council and the President of Russia#Commander-in-ch ...

is a squared Russian tricolour defaced with the coat of arms of Russia, the banner of the

Russian Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military of Russia. They are organized into three service branches—the Russian Ground Forces, Ground Forces, Russian Navy, Navy, and Russi ...

also has the coat of arms centered on the obverse side. Some state awards of Russia are also designed based on the coat of arms, including the State Prize.

Russian ruble The ruble or rouble (; Currency symbol, symbol: ₽; ISO 4217, ISO code: RUB) is the currency of the Russia, Russian Federation. Banknotes and coins are issued by the Central Bank of Russia, which is Russia's central bank, monetary authority ind ...

coins depict the coat of arms on the obverse side since 2016.

Historical versions

The heraldic device of Russia has gone through three major periods in its history, undergoing major changes in the transitions between the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

, the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

, and the

Russian Federation Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. The use of the double-headed eagle as a Russian coat of arms goes back to the 15th century. With the

fall of Constantinople The Fall of Constantinople, also known as the Conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 55-da ...

and the end of the

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the ...

in 1453, the Grand Dukes of

Muscovy Muscovy or Moscovia () is an alternative name for the Principality of Moscow (1263–1547) and the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721). It may also refer to: *Muscovy Company, an English trading company chartered in 1555 *Muscovy duck (''Cairina mosch ...

came to see themselves as the successors of the Byzantine heritage, a notion reinforced by the marriage of Ivan III to Sophia Paleologue (hence the expression " Third Rome" for Moscow and, by extension, for the whole of Imperial Russia). Ivan adopted the golden Byzantine double-headed eagle in his seal, first documented in 1472, marking his direct claim to the Roman imperial heritage and posing as a sovereign equal and rival to the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...

. In 1497, it was stamped on a charter of share and allotment of independent princes' possessions. At about the same time, the image of a gilt, double-headed eagle on a red background appeared on the walls of the Palace of Facets in the

Moscow Kremlin The Moscow Kremlin (also the Kremlin) is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia. Located in the centre of the country's capital city, the Moscow Kremlin comprises five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall along with the K ...

. The other main Russian coat of arms, the image of St George slaying the dragon, is contemporaneous. In its first form, as a rider armed with a spear, it is found in the seal of Vasili I of Moscow in 1390. At the time of Ivan III, the dragon was added, but the final association with Saint George was not made until 1730, when it was described as such in an Imperial decree. Eventually, St George became the patron saint of Moscow (and, by extension, of Russia). After the assumption of the title of ''

Tsar Tsar (; also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar''; ; ; sr-Cyrl-Latn, цар, car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word '' caesar'', which was intended to mean ''emperor'' in the Euro ...

'' by Ivan IV, the two coats are found combined, with the eagle bearing an escutcheon depicting St George on the breast. With the establishment of the

Moscow Patriarchate The Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus (), also known as the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, is the title of the Primate (bishop), primate of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). It is often preceded by the honorific "His Holiness". As the Ordinar ...

in 1589, a patriarchal cross was added for a time between the heads of the eagle.

1547–1917: Russian Tsardom

''Main:''

1721–1917: Russian Empire

1918–93: Soviet and post-Soviet Russia

The coat of arms of the

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

(RSFSR) was adopted on 10 July 1918 by the government of the

(Soviet Union), and modified several times afterwards. It shows

wheat Wheat is a group of wild and crop domestication, domesticated Poaceae, grasses of the genus ''Triticum'' (). They are Agriculture, cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known Taxonomy of wheat, whe ...

as the symbol of

agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

, a rising

sun The Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System. It is a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light a ...

for the ''future of the Russian nation'', the

red star A red star, five-pointed and filled, is a symbol that has often historically been associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with the hammer and sickle, but is also used as a purely socialist symbol in the 21st century. ...

(the RSFSR was the last Soviet Republic to include the star in its state emblem, in 1978) as well as the

hammer and sickle The hammer and sickle (Unicode: ) is a communist symbol representing proletarian solidarity between industrial and agricultural workers. It was first adopted during the Russian Revolution at the end of World War I, the hammer representing wo ...

for the victory of

Communism Communism () is a political sociology, sociopolitical, political philosophy, philosophical, and economic ideology, economic ideology within the history of socialism, socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a ...

and the "world-wide socialist community of states". The Soviet Union state motto ("Workers of the world, unite!") in Russian ('' — ') is also a part of the coat of arms. The

acronym An acronym is a type of abbreviation consisting of a phrase whose only pronounced elements are the initial letters or initial sounds of words inside that phrase. Acronyms are often spelled with the initial Letter (alphabet), letter of each wor ...

of the RSFSR is shown above the hammer and sickle, and reads '', for "" (). Similar emblems were used by the Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republics (ASSR) within the Russian SFSR; the main differences were generally the use of the republic's acronym and the presence of the motto in the language(s) of the

titular nation The titular nation is the single dominant ethnic group in a particular state, typically after which the state was named. The term was first used by Maurice Barrès in the late 19th century. Soviet Union The notion was used in the Soviet Union to ...

s (with the exception of the state emblem of the Dagestan ASSR, whic
had the motto in eleven languages
as there is no single Dagestani language). The

as a whole adopted its emblem in 1923, which remained in use until the

dissolution of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration No. 142-N of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. Declaration No. 142-Н of ...

in 1991. Although it is technically an emblem rather than a coat of arms, since it does not follow traditional heraldic rules, in Russian it is called (), the word used for a traditional coat of arms. It was the first state insignia created in the style known as socialist heraldry, a style also seen in e.g. the Chinese national emblem. The emblem shows the Soviet emblems of the Hammer and Sickle and the Red Star over a globe, in the center of a wreath wrapped in ribbons emblazoned with the communist motto ("Workers of the world, unite!") in the

official language An official language is defined by the Cambridge English Dictionary as, "the language or one of the languages that is accepted by a country's government, is taught in schools, used in the courts of law, etc." Depending on the decree, establishmen ...

s of the Soviet republics with the Russian inscription in the centre, in the reverse order they were mentioned in the Soviet Constitution. Each Soviet Republic (SSR) and Autonomous Soviet Republic (ASSR) had its own coat of arms, largely inspired by the state emblem of the Union. Four versions were used: 6 ribbons were used in 1923, which were written on in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Georgian,

Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian diaspora, Armenian communities around the ...

, and Azerbaijani; 11 ribbons with the addition of Turkmen, Uzbek, Tajik, Kazakh, Kyrgyz; 16 with the addition of Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Moldavian, and Finnish. Finally, the inscriptions in Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Uzbek, Tajik, Kazakh and Kyrgyz were updated to reflect their transition from the

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

to the

Cyrillic script The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, Mongolic, Uralic languages, Uralic, C ...

. The final version of the emblem was adopted in 1956 with the removal of the Finnish inscription from the insignia, reflecting the 1956 transformation of the

Karelo-Finnish SSR The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish SSR), also called Soviet Karelia or simply known as Karelia, was a republic of the Soviet Union. It existed from 31 March 1940 until it was made part of the Russian SFSR on 16 July 1956 ...

into the Karelian ASSR. In 1992, the inscription was changed from RSFSR ('') to the Russian Federation ('') in connection with the change of the name of the state. In 1993, president

Boris Yeltsin Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and statesman who served as President of Russia from 1991 to 1999. He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from 1961 to ...

signed a decree to replace the Communist design by the present coat of arms.

Evolution

File:Печать Мстислава Владимирович XII век.svg, 1094–1132: Seal of
Mstislav I Monomakh File:Seal of Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny.png, 1209–1227: Seal of
Mstislav Mstislavich File:Печать Святослава Всеволодовича.JPG, 1200–1252: Seal of
Sviatoslav III of Vladimir File:Seal of Alexander Nevsky 1236.png, 1236–1263: Seal of

Alexander Nevsky Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (; ; monastic name: ''Aleksiy''; 13 May 1221 – 14 November 1263) was Prince of Novgorod (1236–1240; 1241–1256; 1258–1259), Grand Prince of Kiev (1249–1263), and Grand Prince of Vladimir (1252–1263). ...

( Theodore Stratelates slaying the giant serpent) File:Печать Иван Калита.JPG, 1325–1340: Seal of
Ivan I File:Печать Дмитрия-Донского 2 Reverse.svg, 1359–1389: Seal of

Dmitry Donskoy Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy (; 12 October 1350 – 19 May 1389) was Prince of Moscow from 1359 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1363 until his death. He was the heir of Ivan II. He was the first prince of Moscow to openly challenge Mongol ...

File:Печать Василия I Дмитриевича, 1389.svg, 1389–1425: Seal of
Vasily I File:Печать Василия II Васильевича Темного.svg, 1425–1462: Seal of
Vasily II File:Oreshnikov i Proris.jpg, 1446–1447: Silver coin of
Dmitry Shemyaka File:Seal of Ivan 3.png, 1472–1502: Seal of
Ivan III the Great File:Seal of Ivan 4 1539.svg, 1539: Seal of
Ivan IV the Terrible
1533–1584 File:Seal of Ivan 4 1577.png, 1577: Greater seal of
Ivan IV the Terrible
1533–1584 File:COA by Ivan IV of Russia 1577.png, 1577: Coat of arms
under Ivan IV
1533–1584 File:Russia03.gif, 1584–1667: Coat of arms of the

Tsardom of Russia The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan the Terrible, Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. ...

File:Russian coa 1589 grozny.png, 1584–1598: Seal of
Feodor I File:Russian coa 1605 lzhe.png, 1605: Seal of

False Dmitry I False Dmitry I or Pseudo-Demetrius I () reigned as the Tsar of all Russia from 10 June 1605 until his death on 17 May 1606 under the name of Dmitriy Ivanovich (). According to historian Chester S.L. Dunning, Dmitry was "the only Tsar ever raise ...

File:Olearius seal MF.gif, 1613–1645: Seal of

Michael Michael may refer to: People * Michael (given name), a given name * he He ..., a given name * Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael Given name * Michael (bishop elect)">Michael (surname)">he He ..., a given nam ...

File:Olearius seal AM.gif, 1645–1654: Seal of
Alexis File:Novikov triple eagle.jpg, 1654: Variant coat of arms
under Alexis (after

Pereiaslav Agreement The Pereiaslav Agreement or Pereyaslav AgreementPereyaslav Agreement
Bri ...

) File:Russian-coa-1667.png, 1667–1721: Coat of arms of the

File:Russian-coat-arm-1667.svg, 1667–1721: Variant coat of arms of the

File:Печать Алексея Михаиловича, 1667 год.gif, 1667–1676: Seal of
Alexis File:Great Seal of the Tsardom of Russia in the early 18th century (retouched).jpg, 1682–1696: Seal of
Peter I File:Acta Eruditorum - III stemmi, 1708 – BEIC 13371326.jpg, 1698–1699: Sketch of seal under Peter I (by ) File:«Арифметика» Магницкого 01.jpg, 1703: Coat of arms
under Peter I (published in the book

Arithmetic Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that deals with numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms. ...

) File:Московский герб. Henri Abraham Chatelain (1714-1720).jpg, 1714–1720:Coat of arms
under Peter I File:CoA of Russian Empire (1721).svg, 1721–1725: Imperial coat of arms under

Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...

File:Catherinecoa.gif, 1725–1727: Imperial coat of arms under

Catherine I Catherine I Alekseyevna Mikhailova (born Marta Samuilovna Skavronskaya; – ) was the second wife and Empress consort of Peter the Great, whom she succeeded as Emperor of all the Russias, Empress of Russia, ruling from 1725 until her death in 1 ...

File:Ekaterina I ruble.jpg, 1725–1727: Silver ruble under

File:Государственный герб 1730.jpg, 1727–1730: Imperial coat of arms under Peter II File:CoA of Russian Empire (1730).png, 1730–1798, 1801–1825: Imperial coat of arms under Anna, Ivan VI, Elizabeth,

Catherine the Great Catherine II. (born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 172917 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power after overthrowing her husband, Peter I ...

and Alexander I File:Rubl 1732.jpg, 1730–1737: Silver ruble under Anna File:Rubl 1739.jpg, 1737–1740: Silver ruble under Anna File:Іоан Антонович. Рубль 1741 року..jpg, 1741: Silver ruble under
Ivan VI File:Dondog-Dashi banner.jpg, 1741–1762: Imperial coat of arms under Elizabeth File:Ryskt mynt av koppar med dubbelörn, 1780 - Skoklosters slott - 108161.tif, 1758–1796: Copper coin of 5 kopecks under Elizabeth and

File:Maltese cross Russian coat of arms.jpg, 1799–1801: Imperial coat of arms under Paul I File:Russian COA 1796 a.jpg, 1799–1801: Variant coat of arms under Paul I File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire 1799-1801.png, 1799–1801: Variant coat of arms under Paul I File:Lesser Coat of Arms of Russian Empire (1800-1802).svg, 1799–1801: Variant coat of arms under Paul I File:Russian Empire-Full coat of arms.3.jpg, 1800: The draft of the greater coat of arms presented to Paul I File:R2-kopeiki-1825-goda-300x300.jpg, 1810–1830: Copper coin of 2 kopecks under Alexander I and Nicholas I File:Coat of arms of Russia in 1803-1830.gif, 1803–1840: Variant of coat of arms under Alexander I and Nicholas I File:Russian COA 1825—55 B.jpg, 1825–1828: Imperial coat of arms under Nicholas I File:5 kopek, 1833. Ryskt mynt - Skoklosters slott - 109914.tif, 1830–1839: Copper coin under Nicholas I File:Russian COA 1825—55 A.jpg, 1828–1856: Imperial coat of arms under Nicholas I File:Coat of Arms of Russian Empire (1876).jpg, 1856–1882: Greater
coat of arms under
Alexander II File:Greater Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire 1856.jpg, 1856–1882: Variant greater
coat of arms under
Alexander II File:Middle Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire 1856.jpg, 1856–1882: Middle
coat of arms under
Alexander II File:Russian Coat of Arms 1856.png, 1856–1882: Lesser
coat of arms under
Alexander II File:Greater Coats of Arms of the Russian Empire - The sketch of Adolf Sharleman (1882).jpg, 1882–1917: Greater
coat of arms under
Alexander III and Nicholas II File:Middle Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire.png, 1882–1917: Middle coat of arms under Alexander III and Nicholas II File:Lesser Coat of Arms of Russian Empire 2.png, 1882–1917: Lesser coat of arms under Alexander III and Nicholas II File:Lesser coat of arms of the Russian Empire.svg, 1882–1917: Variant lesser coat of arms under Alexander III and Nicholas II File:Russian coa 1917.svg, 1917:

Provisional Government A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, a transitional government or provisional leadership, is a temporary government formed to manage a period of transition, often following state collapse, revoluti ...

/
Republican coat of arms File:Coat of arms of the Kolchak government (unofficial).png, 1918–1920: Coat of arms of the Russian State File:3 rub Kolchak.jpg, 1919: Banknote of 3 of the Russian State File:Coats of arms of the Russian SFSR (1918-1920).svg, 1918–1920: 1st coat of arms of the

Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

File:Emblem of the Russian SFSR (1920–1954).svg, 1920–1954: 2nd coat of arms of the Russian SFSR File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union 1923–1936.svg, 1923–1931: 1st coat of arms of the Soviet Union (6 languages) File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1931–1936).svg, 1931–1936: 2nd coat of arms of the Soviet Union (7 languages) File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1936–1946).svg, 1936–1946: 3rd coat of arms of the Soviet Union (11 languages) File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1946-1956).svg, 1946–1955: 4th coat of arms of the Soviet Union (16 languages) File:Coat of arms of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1954-1978).svg, 1954–1978: 3rd coat of arms of the Russian SFSR (without dividing points in ) File:State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg, 1956–1991: 5th coat of arms of the Soviet Union (15 languages) File:Emblem of the Russian SFSR (1978–1991), Emblem of Russia (1991–1992).svg, 1978–1992: 4th coat of arms of the Russian SFSR (added a five-pointed star) File:Coat of arms of the Russian Federation (1992-1993).svg, 1992–1993: Coat of arms of the Russian Federation after the

File:Russia coat federal constitutional law.jpg, 1993: Present
coat of arms (official publication) File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg, 1993: Present
coat of arms File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation 2.svg, 1993: Present
coat of arms (other variant) File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation bw.svg, 1993: Present
coat of arms (single-color version) File:Digital gerb russia max.svg, 2017: Present
digital coat of arms (with details) File:Digital gerb russia.svg, 2017: Present
digital coat of arms File:Emblem of the President of Russia.svg, 2019: Present digital coat of arms used by the

Kremlin The Moscow Kremlin (also the Kremlin) is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia. Located in the centre of the country's capital city, the Moscow Kremlin (fortification), Kremlin comprises five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Mosco ...

office and the

President of Russia The president of Russia, officially the president of the Russian Federation (), is the executive head of state of Russia. The president is the chair of the State Council (Russia), Federal State Council and the President of Russia#Commander-in-ch ...

References

External links

*
Heraldry of the Russian Empire
*

(archived 29 September 2007) {{Coats of arms of Asia

National symbols of Russia

Saint George and the Dragon Double-headed eagle Coats of arms introduced in 1993