The Co-operative Women's Guild, founded in 1883, was an auxiliary organisation of the co-operative movement in the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

that promoted women in co-operative structures and provided social and other services to its members.

History

The guild was founded in 1883 by Alice Acland, who edited the "Women's Corner" of the '' Co-operative News,'' and Mary Lawrenson, a teacher who suggested the creation of an organization to promote instructional and recreational classes for mothers and girls. Acland began organizing a Women's League for the Spread of Co-operation, which held its first formal meeting of 50 women at the 1883 Co-operative Congress in Edinburgh and established local branches. It began as an organization dedicated to spreading the co-operative movement, but soon expanded beyond the retail-based focus of the movement to organizing political campaigns on women's issues including health and suffrage. Annie Williams, a suffragette organiser for the

Women's Social and Political Union The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was a women-only political movement and leading militant organisation campaigning for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom founded in 1903. Known from 1906 as the suffragettes, its membership and p ...

Newcastle Newcastle usually refers to: *Newcastle upon Tyne, a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England, United Kingdom *Newcastle-under-Lyme, a town in Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom *Newcastle, New South Wales, a metropolitan area ...

found in 1910 that "Co-operative women are very keen to know about 'Votes for Women'." In 1884, the league changed its name to the Women's Co-operative Guild and later to the Co-operative Women's Guild. In 1899,

Margaret Llewelyn Davies Margaret Caroline Llewelyn Davies (16 October 1861 – 28 May 1944) was a British social activist who served as general secretary of the Co-operative Women's Guild from 1889 until 1921. Her election has been described as a "turning point" in th ...

was elected general secretary of the Guild and was widely credited with greatly increasing the success of the Guild. By 1910, it had 32,000 members. Maternity benefits were included in the

National Insurance Act 1911 The National Insurance Act 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5. c. 55) created National Insurance, originally a system of health insurance for industrial workers in Great Britain based on contributions from employers, the government, and the workers themselves. ...

because of the guild's pressure. The guild became more politically active, and expanded its work beyond the British Isles; their objectives included the establishment of minimum wages and maternity benefits, and in April 1914 they were involved in an International Women's Congress at

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, which passed a resolution totally opposing war:

this Conference is of opinion that the terrible method of war should never again be used to settle disputes between nations, and urge that a partnership of nations, with peace as its object, should be established and enforced by the people's will.

In July 1931 the Women's Co-operative Guild at their conference passed a resolution advocating compulsory sterilisation for the mentally or physically unfit. After

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, the guild became more involved in peace activism, concentrating especially on the social and political conditions that encouraged or gave rise to war, as well as opposition to the arms trade. In 1933 they introduced the White Poppy as a pacifist alternative to the

British Legion The Royal British Legion (RBL), formerly the British Legion, is a British Charitable organization, charity providing financial, social and emotional support to members and veterans of the British Armed Forces, their families and dependants. ...

's annual red poppy appeal. At this time membership of the guild was at its peak, with 1,500 branches and 72,000 members. The guild continued with several local branches, although it did not have the visibility within the co-operative movement that it once did. It closed after 133 years on 25 June 2016.

General secretaries

:1883: Alice Acland :1885: Mary Lawrenson :1889:

:1922: Honora Enfield :1927: Eleanor Barton :1937: Rose Simpson :1940: Cecily Cook :1953: Mabel Ridealgh :1963: Kathleen Kempton :1983: Diane Paskin :Sue Bell :2005: Claire Morgan :2011: Colette Harber

References

External links

*
Centenary historyCWG Archive at the Bishopsgate InstituteCWG Archive at LSE Archives
{{Use British English, date=November 2020 1883 establishments in the United Kingdom Eugenics organizations Organizations established in 1883 Organizations disestablished in 2016 Political advocacy groups in the United Kingdom Victorian era Women's organisations based in the United Kingdom

History

General secretaries

See also

References

External links