Closure may refer to:

Conceptual

Psychology

Closure (psychology) Closure or need for closure (NFC), used interchangeably with need for cognitive closure (NFCC), are social psychological terms that describe an individual's desire for a clear, firm answer or peaceful resolution to a question or problem to avert ...

, the state of experiencing an emotional conclusion to a difficult life event * Law of closure (Gestalt psychology), the perception of objects as complete rather than focusing on the gaps that the object might contain

Computer science

Closure (computer programming) In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function tog ...

, an abstraction binding a function to its scope * Relational database model: Set-theoretic formulation and

Armstrong's axioms Armstrong's axioms are a set of axioms (or, more precisely, inference rules) used to infer all the functional dependencies on a relational database. They were developed by William W. Armstrong in his 1974 paper. The axioms are sound in generating ...

for its use in database theory

Mathematics

Closure (mathematics) In mathematics, a subset of a given set (mathematics), set is closed under an Operation (mathematics), operation on the larger set if performing that operation on members of the subset always produces a member of that subset. For example, the natu ...

, the result of applying a

closure operator In mathematics, a closure operator on a Set (mathematics), set ''S'' is a Function (mathematics), function \operatorname: \mathcal(S)\rightarrow \mathcal(S) from the power set of ''S'' to itself that satisfies the following conditions for all sets ...

Closure (topology) In topology, the closure of a subset of points in a topological space consists of all points in together with all limit points of . The closure of may equivalently be defined as the union of and its boundary, and also as the intersectio ...

, for a set, the smallest closed set containing that set

Philosophy

Epistemic closure Epistemic closure is a property of some belief systems. It is the principle that if a subject S knows p, and S knows that p entails q, then S can thereby come to know q. Most epistemological theories involve a closure principle and many skeptic ...

, a principle in epistemology *

Deductive closure In mathematical logic, a set of Well-formed formula, logical formulae is deductively closed if it contains every formula that can be deductive reasoning, logically deduced from ; formally, if always implies . If is a set of formulae, the deduct ...

, a principle in logic * Cognitive closure, a principle in philosophy of mind * ''Closure: A Short History of Everything'', a philosophical book by

Hilary Lawson Hilary Lawson is an English 'philosopher' and founder of the Institute of Art and Ideas. Lawson has also had a broadcasting and documentary film-making career and founded Television and Film Productions, now known as TVF Media. Biography Lawso ...

Sociology

Closure (sociology) In sociology, closure refers to the phenomenon by which groups maintain their resources by the exclusion of others from their group based on varied criteria.Juergen Mackert "Social Closure". In Oxford Bibliographies Online: Sociology, http://www.o ...

* Closure, a concept in the

social construction of technology Social construction of technology (SCOT) is a theory within the field of science and technology studies. Advocates of SCOT—that is, social constructivists—argue that technology does not determine human action, but that rather, human action ...

Physical objects

Closure (container) A closure is a device used to close or seal a container such as a bottle, Jug (container), jug, jar, Tube (container), tube, or can (disambiguation)#Container, can. A closure may be a cap, cover, Lid (container), lid, plug, liner, or the like. ...

used to seal a bottle, jug, jar, can, or other container **

Closure (wine bottle) Closure is a term used in the wine industry to refer to a stopper, an object used to seal a bottle and avoid harmful contact between the wine and oxygen.winepros.com.au. They include: * Traditional natural cork closures (' corks') * Alterna ...

, a stopper *

Hook-and-eye closure A hook-and-eye closure is a simple and secure method of fastening garments together. It consists of a metal hook, commonly wire bent to shape, and an eye (or "eyelet") of the same material into which the hook fits. History 1898 Richardson & ...

Arts and entertainment

Film and television

* ''

Straightheads ''Straightheads'' is a 2007 British revenge/thriller film (titled ''Closure'' in the US), featuring brutal sexual violence, which follows a couple who seek revenge against a group of men. It was written and directed by Dan Reed, who made his di ...

'', a 2007 British thriller film, US release title ''Closure'' * "Closure" (''8 Simple Rules'' episode), a 2005 television episode * "Closure" (''Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.''), a 2015 television episode * "Closure" (''Casualty''), a 1986 television episode * "Closure", a two-part episode, split between seasons 1 and 2 of ''Law and Order: SVU'' * "Closure" (''Raines''), a 2007 television episode * "Closure" (''Shrinking''), a 2023 television episode * "Closure" (''Tru Calling''), a 2004 television episode * "Closure" (''The X-Files''), a 2000 television episode

Music

Closure (band) Closure was a Canadian alternative rock band. History Closure formed in 2002 in Vancouver, British Columbia and previously signed to TVT Records. The band released their first album, a self-titled album, in 2003. The album received mediocre revi ...

, Canadian rock band * ''Closure'' (video), a 1997 Nine Inch Nails video set

Albums and EPs

* ''Closure'' (Attila album), 2021 album by Attila * ''Closure'' (Closure album), 2003 album by Closure * ''Closure'', 2004 EP by

Everclear Everclear is a line of rectified spirits (also known as grain alcohol and neutral spirit) produced by the American company Luxco. It is made from grain and is bottled at 60%, 75.5%, 94.5% and 95% alcohol by volume (120, 151, 189, and 190 U.S. ...

* ''Closure'' (Integrity album), 2001 album by Integrity * ''Closure'' (Spahn Ranch album), 2001 * '' Closure: Live'', 2001 live album by Theatre of Tragedy

Songs

* "Closure", by Aly & AJ from ''

Insomniatic ''Insomniatic'' is the third studio album by American pop rock duo Aly & AJ, released on July 10, 2007 by Hollywood Records. The album features an electronic based sound, differing from their previous pop-rock and acoustic releases, that was acce ...

'', 2007 * "Closure", by Asking Alexandria from ''

Reckless & Relentless {{Infobox album , name = Reckless & Relentless , type = studio , artist = Asking Alexandria , cover = AA Reckless & Relentless.jpg , alt = , released = 5 April 2011{{Cite web, url=http://sumerianrecords.com/art ...

'', 2011 * "Closure", by Botch from '' The Unifying Themes of Sex, Death and Religion'', 1997 * "Closure" (Cadet song), single by Cadet, 2017 * "Closure" (Chevelle song), by Chevelle from ''Wonder What's Next'', 2002 * "Closure", by Chris Brown featuring H.E.R. from '' Breezy'', 2022 * "Closure", by Divine Heresy from ''

Bleed the Fifth ''Bleed the Fifth'' is the debut studio album by American metal band Divine Heresy, released in August 2007. It sold approximately 2,700 copies in its first week of release.

'', 2007 * "Closure", by Gabrielle from ''

Always Always may refer to: Film and television * ''Always'', a 1985 film directed by Henry Jaglom * ''Always'' (1989 film), a 1989 romantic comedy-drama directed by Steven Spielberg * ''Always'' (2011 film), a 2011 South Korean film, also known as ''O ...

'', 2007 * "Closure", single by

Hayley Warner Hayley Warner (born 23 January 1992) is an Australian singer-songwriter. In 2009, she finished as runner-up in the seventh and final ''Australian Idol'', and was noted for her high-energy performances and vast vocal range. In 2013, ''The Daily ...

, 2015 * "Closure", by Hood from ''

Outside Closer ''Outside Closer'' is the sixth studio album by Hood (band), Hood. It was released on Domino Recording Company on 17 January 2005. Critical reception At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream cri ...

'', 2005 * "Closure", by I Prevail from ''

True Power ''True Power'' is the third studio album by American rock band I Prevail, released on August 19, 2022. The album was proceeded by the singles "Body Bag" and "Bad Things". "Self-Destruction", "There's Fear in Letting Go", "Deep End" and "Closure ...

'', 2022 * "Closure", by

Jack & Jack Jack & Jack are an American pop-rap duo from Omaha, Nebraska, consisting of Jack Johnson and Jack Gilinsky, based in Los Angeles, California. After success via the social media app Vine, the duo turned to careers as musicians. Their 2014 single " ...

, 2018 * "Closure", by Maroon 5 from ''

Red Pill Blues ''Red Pill Blues'' is the sixth studio album by American band Maroon 5. It was released on November 3, 2017, through 222 Records, 222 and Interscope Records. This is the band's first album to feature multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar as an offic ...

'', 2017 * "Closure", by Opeth from ''

Damnation Damnation (from Latin '' damnatio'') is the concept of divine punishment after death for sins that were committed, or in some cases, good actions not done, on Earth. In Ancient Egyptian religious tradition, it was believed that citizens woul ...

'', 2003 * "Closure", by PUP from '' Morbid Stuff'', 2019 * "Closure" (Scarlett Belle song), single by Scarlett Belle, 2010 * "Closure", by Sonic Syndicate from '' Confessions'', 2016 * "Closure", by The Story So Far from '' Under Soil and Dirt'', 2011 * "Closure", by Taylor Swift from ''

Evermore ''Evermore'' (stylized in all lowercase) is the ninth studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was surprise-released on December 11, 2020, by Republic Records. Swift conceived ''Evermore'' as a "sister record" to its p ...

'', 2020

Other arts and entertainment

* ''Closure'' (video game), a 2012 puzzle game * ''Closure: A Short History of Everything'', a philosophical book by

Poetic closure Poetic closure is the sense of conclusion given at the end of a poem Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of l ...

, the sense of conclusion given at the end of a poem

Other uses

* Closure or

cloture Cloture (, ), closure or, informally, a guillotine, is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end. The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. is ...

, a motion in parliamentary procedure to bring debate to a quick end * Closure (business), the process by which an organization ceases operations * Closure (atmospheric science), a type of experiment in aerosol and cloud studies *

Google Closure Tools Google Closure Tools was a set of tools built with the goal of helping developers optimize rich web applications with JavaScript. It was developed by Google for use in their web applications such as Gmail, Google Docs and Google Maps. As of Aug ...

, a set of tools for web development