Clavier-Übung, in more modern spelling Klavierübung, is

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

for "keyboard exercise". In the late 17th and early 18th centuries this was a common title for keyboard music collections: first adopted by

Johann Kuhnau Johann Kuhnau (; 6 April 16605 June 1722) was a German polymath, known primarily as a composer today. He was also active as a novelist, translator, lawyer, and music theorist, and was able to combine these activities with his duties in his offici ...

in 1689,Wollf (1991) p.189Boyd (2006) p.193) the term later became mostly associated with

Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (German: Help:IPA/Standard German, �joːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ ( – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque music, Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety ...

's four ''Clavier-Übung'' publications. The following composers published works under the title ''Clavier-Übung'': *

: ** '' Clavier-Übung I'': six partitas, published separately 1726–1730, then grouped in one volume in 1731 ** ''

Clavier-Übung II ''Clavier-Übung II'' is a collection of harpsichord compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was published in 1735. Written for performance on a two- manual harpsichord, it contrasts the Italian style of that time with the French style. While ...

'': '' Italian Concerto'' and ''

French Overture The French overture is a musical form widely used in the Baroque period. Its basic formal division is into two parts, which are usually enclosed by double bars and repeat signs. They are complementary in style (slow in dotted rhythms and fast in ...

'' (1735) ** ''

Clavier-Übung III The ''Clavier-Übung III'', sometimes referred to as the ''German Organ Mass'', is a collection of compositions for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach, started in 1735–36 and published in 1739. It is considered Bach's most significant and extensiv ...

'': also known as the ''German Organ Mass'' (1739) ** ''Clavier-Übung IV'': ''Aria with Diverse Variations'', known as the ''

Goldberg Variations The ''Goldberg Variations'' (), BWV 988, is a musical composition for keyboard by Johann Sebastian Bach, consisting of an aria and a set of thirty variations. First published in 1741, it is named after Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, who may ...

'' (1741) *

Ferruccio Busoni Ferruccio Busoni (1 April 1866 – 27 July 1924) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor, editor, writer, and teacher. His international career and reputation led him to work closely with many of the leading musicians, artists and literary ...

** '' Klavierübung'' (1918–1925) *

Christoph Graupner Christoph Graupner (10 May 1760) was a German composer and harpsichordist of late Baroque music who was a contemporary of Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Philipp Telemann and George Frideric Handel. Life Born in Hartmannsdorf near Kirchberg i ...

: ** ''Leichte Clavier-Übungen'' (c.1730) * Johann Ludwig Krebs ** ''Clavier Ubung Bestehend in verschiedenen vorspielen und veränderungen einiger Kirchen Gesaenge'' Nürnberg, J.U. Haffner, c. 1744) ** ''Clavier-Ubung bestehet in einer ..Suite ..Zweyter Theil'' (Nürnberg, J.U. Haffner, c. 1744) ** ''Clavier-Ubung bestehend in sechs Sonatinen … IIIter Theil'' (Nürnberg, J.U. Haffner, c. 1744) *

Johann Philipp Kirnberger Johann Philipp Kirnberger (also ''Kernberg''; 24 April 1721, Saalfeld – 27 July 1783, Berlin) was a musician, composer (primarily of fugues) and music theorist. He studied the organ with Johann Peter Kellner and Heinrich Nicolaus Gerber, and ...

** '' Clavierübungen mit der bachischen Applicatur'', four volumes, 1761–1766 * Johann Krieger ** ''Anmuthige Clavier-Übung'' (1698) *

: ** ''Neuer Clavier-Übung, erster Theil'' (1689) ** ''Neuer Clavier-Übung, anderer Theil'' (1692) * Vincent Lübeck ** ''Clavier Übung'' (1728) * Georg Andreas Sorge ** ''Clavier Übung'' in three parts, 18 sonatas for harpsichord (1738–c.1745) ** ''Clavier Übung'' in two parts, 24 preludes for organ or clavichord (1739–42)

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