Claire Démar (1799–1833), was a

feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideology, ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social gender equality, equality of the sexes. Feminism holds the position that modern soci ...

, journalist and writer, member of the Saint-Simonian movement. The

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nature of her writings has led to her current recognition. Her biography remains obscure. Her name according to some sources is Émilie d'Eymard: she signed her first letters as Émilie d'Eymard but her first publications as Claire Démar. Her birth date of 1799 is also uncertain, She died in 1833. Her father may have been the pianist and composer of German origins Sebastian Demar, with her mother being Elisabeth Riesam, also of German origin . They had settled in

Orléans Orléans (,"Orleans"
(US) and Gernsbach, (Germany) in 1786.État-civil d'Orléans. 19 janvier 1858. N° 92. Décès de Thérésia-Elisabeth-Françoise Demar, « professeur de musique », morte le 18, à 71 ans, de feu Jacob-Ignace-Sébastien Demar, « professeur de musique », et Dame Elisabeth Riesam. Démar was one of the most combative women of Saint-Simonian movement. She used the Saint-Simonian movement to go further and express findings and claims that were rejected by a majority of her contemporaries, but became accepted by feminists during following years. Shortly before her death, she published a ''Appel d'une femme au peuple sur l'affranchissement de la femme '' ("Appeal of a woman to the people on the enfranchisement of women") which calls for the application to women of the

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human and civil rights document from the French Revolution; the French title can be translated in the modern era as "Decl ...

. She also describes marriage as legalized prostitution. During the last years of her short life, Claire Demar participated in feminist journals created during the opportunity offered by the revolution of 1830, She became associated with the feminist journalist Suzanne Voilquin in her publications ''La femme nouvelle'', ''L'Apostolat des femmes,'' et ''La Tribune des femmes.'' Démar was preparing to publish a second book, she committed suicide with her lover Perret Desessarts. They were found on the same bed with two letters and a roll of paper, which she had asked to be read in the Saint-Simonian society of

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

and then given to Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin, who sent the papers to Suzanne Voilquin who published them in ''La Tribune des femmes.''

Publications

*Claire Demar ''Appel d'une femme au peuple sur l'affranchissement de la femme'',1833, Valentin Pelosse, 2001. () *Claire Demar, '' Ma Loi d'avenir'' posthumously in '' La Tribune des femmes'', Suzanne Voilquin, Paris, 1834. *Claire Demar (and Perret Desessarts), letters to Charles Lambert (3 August 1833), autographs stored at the Arsenal, Mss 7714, farewell letters written some hours before the suicide of the two lovers.

Bibliography

*''Revue de Paris'' 1834, p. 6 et 7 *Suzanne Voilquin, ''Souvenirs d'une fille du peuple, ou La Saint-simonienne en égypte,'' 1866, Maspero, Paris, 1978. * Ghenia Avril de Sainte-Croix, ''Le Féminisme,'' Paris, Giard & Brière, 1907. * Laure Adler, ''À l'aube du féminisme, les premières journalistes : 1830-1850,'' Paris, Payot, 1979. *Carole Bitoun, ''La Révolte au féminin. De 1789 à nos jours,'' Hugo & Cie, 2007.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demar, Claire 1790s births 1833 deaths French journalists French socialists French feminist writers People from Loiret Saint-Simonists French socialist feminists Suicides in France