''Citharexylum'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the

verbena ''Verbena'' (), also known as vervain or verveine, is a genus in the family Verbenaceae. It contains about 150 species of annual and perennial herbaceous or semi-woody flowering plants. The majority of the species are native to the Americas ...

family,

Verbenaceae The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell. T ...

. It contains

shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

and

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...

species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the

Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...

, ranging from southern

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

and

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

in the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> The highest diversity occurs in

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

and the

Andes The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the List of longest mountain chains on Earth, longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range ...

. The generic name is derived from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

words κιθάρα (''

kithara The kithara (), Latinized as cithara, was an ancient Greek musical instrument in the yoke lutes family. It was a seven-stringed professional version of the lyre, which was regarded as a rustic, or folk instrument, appropriate for teaching mu ...

''), meaning "

lyre The lyre () (from Greek λύρα and Latin ''lyra)'' is a string instrument, stringed musical instrument that is classified by Hornbostel–Sachs as a member of the History of lute-family instruments, lute family of instruments. In organology, a ...

", and ξύλον (''xylon''), meaning "wood," referring to the use of the wood in the

sounding board A sounding board, also known as a tester and abat-voix is a structure placed above and sometimes also behind a pulpit A pulpit is a raised stand for preachers in a Christian church. The origin of the word is the Latin ''pulpitum'' (platf ...

s of

string instrument In musical instrument classification, string instruments, or chordophones, are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer strums, plucks, strikes or sounds the strings in varying manners. Musicians play some ...

s. Several species, especially '' C. caudatum'' and '' C. spinosum'', are cultivated as ornamentals.

Species

78 species are accepted. # ''

Citharexylum affine ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' D.Don - from northern Mexico to Nicaragua # ''

Citharexylum alainii ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Moldenke - Dominican Republic # ''

Citharexylum altamiranum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Greenm. - northeastern Mexico # ''

Citharexylum amabile ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' (Bocq.) Christenh. & Byng – west-central Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina # ''

Citharexylum andinum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Moldenke - Bolivia, Jujuy Province of Argentina # ''

Citharexylum berlandieri ''Citharexylum berlandieri'' is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family, Verbenaceae, that is native to the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States and Mexico as far south as Oaxaca. Common names include Tamaulipan fiddl ...

'' B.L. Rob. - from Texas to Oaxaca - Berlandier's fiddlewood, Tamaulipan fiddlewood # ''

Citharexylum bourgeauanum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Greenm. - Veracruz, Oaxaca # ''

Citharexylum brachyanthum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' (A.Gray ex Hemsl.) A.Gray - Texas, Coahuila, Nuevo León - Boxthorn fiddlewood, Mexican fiddlewood # ''

Citharexylum broadwayi ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' O.E.Schulz - Trinidad and northeastern Venezuela # '' Citharexylum calvum'' Moldenke - Quintana Roo # ''

Citharexylum caudatum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' L. - southern Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Colombia, Peru - Juniper berry # '' Citharexylum cooperi'' Standl. - Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala # '' Citharexylum costaricense'' Moldenke - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras # '' Citharexylum crassifolium'' Greenm - Chiapas, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras # '' Citharexylum danirae'' León de la Luz & F.Chiang - Revillagigedo Islands of Baja California # '' Citharexylum decorum'' Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela # '' Citharexylum dentatum'' D.Don - Peru # '' Citharexylum discolor'' Turcz. - Cuba, Hispaniola # '' Citharexylum donnell-smithii'' Greenm. - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Central America # '' Citharexylum ekmanii'' Moldenke - Cuba # '' Citharexylum ellipticum'' Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - Veracruz, Campeche, Tabasco; naturalized in Cuba + Cayman Islands # '' Citharexylum endlichii'' Moldenke - northeastern Mexico # '' Citharexylum flabellifolium'' S.Watson - Sonora, Baja California # '' Citharexylum flexuosum'' (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don - Bolivia, Peru # '' Citharexylum fulgidum'' Moldenke - Veracruz, northeastern Mexico # '' Citharexylum glabrum'' (S.Watson) Greenm - Oaxaca # '' Citharexylum guatemalense'' (Moldenke) D.N.Gibson - Guatemala, Nicaragua # '' Citharexylum herrerae'' Mansf. - Peru # '' Citharexylum hexangulare'' Greenm. - from northern Mexico to Costa Rica # '' Citharexylum hidalgense'' Moldenke - Mexico # '' Citharexylum hintonii'' Moldenke - México State # '' Citharexylum hirtellum'' Standl. - from Veracruz to Panama # '' Citharexylum ilicifolium'' Kunth - Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador # '' Citharexylum × jamaicense'' Moldenke - Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico ''(C. caudatum × C. spinosum)'' # '' Citharexylum joergensenii'' (Lillo) Moldenke - Argentina, Bolivia # '' Citharexylum karstenii'' Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela # ''

Citharexylum kerberi ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Greenm. - Veracruz # '' Citharexylum kunthianum'' Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador # '' Citharexylum laurifolium'' Hayek - Bolivia, Peru # '' Citharexylum × leonis'' Moldenke - Cuba ''(C. caudatum × C. tristachyum)'' # '' Citharexylum ligustrifolium'' (Thur. ex Decne.) Van Houtte - Mexico # '' Citharexylum lucidum'' Cham. & Schltdl. - Mexico # '' Citharexylum lycioides'' D.Don - Mexico # '' Citharexylum macradenium'' Greenm. - Panama, Costa Rica # '' Citharexylum macrochlamys'' Pittier - Panama, Colombia # '' Citharexylum matheanum'' Borhidi & Kereszty - Cuba # '' Citharexylum matudae'' Moldenke - Chiapas # '' Citharexylum mexicanum'' Moldenke - Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca # '' Citharexylum microphyllum'' (DC.) O.E.Schulz - Hisipaniola # '' Citharexylum mocinoi'' D.Don - Mexico, Central America # '' Citharexylum montanum'' Moldenke - Colombia, Ecuador # '' Citharexylum montevidense'' (Spreng.) Moldenke - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay # '' Citharexylum myrianthum''

Cham. Adelbert von Chamisso (; 30 January 1781 – 21 August 1838) was a German poet, writer and botanist. He was commonly known in French as Adelbert de Chamisso (or Chamissot) de Boncourt, a name referring to the family estate at Boncourt. Life ...

- Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay # '' Citharexylum obtusifolium'' Kuhlm - Espírito Santo (

unplaced In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The ter ...

) # '' Citharexylum oleinum'' (Benth. ex Lindl.) Moldenke - Mexico # '' Citharexylum ovatifolium'' Greenm. - Mexico # '' Citharexylum peruvianum'' N.O'Leary & Frost - northwestern Peru # '' Citharexylum poeppigii'' Walp. - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil # '' Citharexylum quitense'' Spreng. - Ecuador # '' Citharexylum racemosum'' Sessé & Moc. - Mexico # '' Citharexylum reticulatum'' Kunth - Ecuador, Peru # '' Citharexylum rosei'' Greenm. - Mexico # '' Citharexylum roxanae'' Moldenke - Baja California # '' Citharexylum scabrum'' Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - northern Mexico # '' Citharexylum schottii'' Greenm. - southern Mexico, Central America # '' Citharexylum schulzii'' Urb. & Ekman - Hispaniola # '' Citharexylum sessaei'' D.Don - Mexico # '' Citharexylum shrevei'' Moldenke - Sonora # '' Citharexylum solanaceum'' Cham. - southern Brazil # ''

Citharexylum spinosum ''Citharexylum spinosum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Verbenaceae that is native to southern Florida in the United States, the Caribbean, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Common names include Florida fiddlewood and spiny fiddlew ...

'' L. – Spiny fiddlewood - West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, the Guianas; naturalized in India, Mozambique, Fiji, Bermuda # '' Citharexylum stenophyllum'' Urb. & Ekman - Haiti # '' Citharexylum steyermarkii'' Moldenke - Veracruz, Chiapas, Guatemala # '' Citharexylum subflavescens'' S.F.Blake - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru # '' Citharexylum subthyrsoideum'' Pittier - Colombia, Venezuela # '' Citharexylum svensonii'' Moldenke - Ecuador # '' Citharexylum teclense'' Standl. - El Salvador # '' Citharexylum ternatum'' Moldenke - Cuba # '' Citharexylum tetramerum'' Brandegee - Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán in Mexico # '' Citharexylum tristachyum'' Turcz. – Threespike Fiddlewood - Cuba, Jamaica, Leeward Islands # '' Citharexylum ulei'' Moldenke - Colombia, Peru, northwestern Brazil # '' Citharexylum venezuelense'' Moldenke - Venezuela # '' Citharexylum weberbaueri'' Hayek - Peru

Formerly placed here

*'' Rehdera trinervis'' (as ''Citharexylum lemsii'' Moldenke) *'' Rhaphithamnus spinosus'' (Juss.) Moldenke (as ''Citharexylum cyanocarpum'' Hook. & Arn.) *'' Rhaphithamnus venustus'' (as ''Citharexylum elegans'' Phil. ex Miers)

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2719913 Verbenaceae genera Flora of the Americas Taxa described in 1753