''Chloritis'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of air-breathing
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...
s,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...
gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the subfamily Hadrinae of the family
Camaenidae
Camaenidae is a Family (biology), family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families i ...
.
[MolluscaBase (2018). Chloritis H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818723 on 2018-12-25]
The genus ''Chloritis'' is restricted to
South-east Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania. Southeast Asia i ...
(from China to
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
and up to New Guinea) with numerous species having usually small distributional ranges.
Shell description
The conchological characters of the species belonging to the genus ''Chloritis'' are the more or less compact shells, the biconcave or a hardly elevated
spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...
.
The first
whorls
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
In nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagram ...
are quite narrow, rounded, the
apical ones with regularly arranged granules or hair pits.
is widened suddenly, with a more or less open
umbilicus.
The
aperture
In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
is lunate. The peristome is reflected, connected in most cases by a thin callus.
Species
Some researchers divided the genus ''Chloritis'' in a number of rather poorly defined subgenera, or even consider these subgenera as genera.
The characters used for these separations are only
shell
Shell may refer to:
Architecture and design
* Shell (structure), a thin structure
** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses
Science Biology
* Seashell, a hard outer layer of a marine ani ...
features; unfortunately from only a few species the anatomy is known.
Here the more conservative systematic classification (only one genus ''Chloritis'') is followed as proposed by Vaught (1989).
[Vaught K. C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca: i-xii, 1-195.'' American Malacologists, Inc., Melbourne, Florida, United States.]
Species within the genus ''Chloritis'' include:
* ''
Chloritis abletti'' Thach & F. Huber, 2018
* ''
Chloritis addita'' I. Rensch, 1935
* ''
Chloritis balansai'' (Morlet, 1886)
* ''
Chloritis balatensis'' (Kobelt, 1896)
- from Sulawesi
* ''
Chloritis beddomei'' Gude, 1906
* ''
Chloritis bellonensis'' (Clench, 1958)
* ''
Chloritis bifoveata'' (Benson, 1856)
- from West Malaysia
* ''
Chloritis biomphala'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1862)
- from Sulawesi
* ''
Chloritis camaratus'' Dall, 1910
* ''
Chloritis caseus'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1860)
* ''
Chloritis ceramensis'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1861)
* ''
Chloritis circumdata'' (A.E.J. Férussac, 1821)
* ''
Chloritis concisa'' (Férussac, 1823)
* ''
Chloritis crassula'' (Philippi, 1844)
* ''
Chloritis delibrata'' (Benson, 1836)
* ''
Chloritis deliciosa'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1863)
* ''
Chloritis dentrecasteauxi'' (E. A. Smith, 1884)
* ''
Chloritis diplochone'' Möllendorff, 1898
* ''
Chloritis discordialis'' (Deshayes, 1839)
* ''
Chloritis durandi'' (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900)
* ''
Chloritis eustoma'' (Pfeiffer, 1857)
* ''
Chloritis flexuosa'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1855)
* ''
Chloritis fraudulenta'' Gude, 1906: synonym of ''
Sulcobasis fraudulenta'' (Gude, 1906)
* ''
Chloritis gabata'' (Gould, 1844)
* ''
Chloritis gaymardi'' (Deshayes, 1831)
* ''
Chloritis gruneri'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1845)
- from Sulawesi
* ''
Chloritis helicinoides'' (Mousson, 1848)
* ''
Chloritis heteromphalus'' Pilsbry, 1906
* ''
Chloritis holoserica'' Gude, 1906
* ''
Chloritis howesii'' E. A. Smith, 1896
* ''
Chloritis huberi'' Thach, 2016 (''
taxon inquirendum
In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century.
The ter ...
'')
* ''
Chloritis impotens'' Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1908
* ''
Chloritis johannisi'' Cilia, 2010
* ''
Chloritis khammouanensis'' Inkhavilay & Panha, 2019
* ''
Chloritis klausgrohi'' Thach & F. Huber, 2017
* ''
Chloritis leithi'' Gude, 1914
* ''
Chloritis lemeslei'' (Morlet, 1891)
* ''
Chloritis leytensis'' Möllendorff, 1890
* ''
Chloritis macrostoma'' Gude, 1906
- from Sulawesi
* ''
Chloritis malayana'' (Möllendorff, 1887)
* ''
Chloritis mansonensis'' Gude, 1906: synonym of ''
Trichochloritis mansonensis'' (Gude, 1906) (original combination)
* ''
Chloritis marimberti'' (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900)
* ''
Chloritis martensi'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1861)
* ''
Chloritis mertensi'' I. Rensch, 1930
* ''
Chloritis mima'' Fulton, 1899
* ''
Chloritis minahassae'' P. & F. Sarasin, 1899
- from Sulawesi
* ''
Chloritis molliseta'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1863)
* ''
Chloritis nasuta'' (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909)
* ''
Chloritis norodomiana'' (Morlet, 1883)
* ''
Chloritis pervicina'' E. A. Smith, 1897
* ''
Chloritis planorbina'' Haas, 1912
- from Sulawesi
* ''
Chloritis platytropis'' Möllendorff, 1894
* ''
Chloritis polingi'' (Clench, 1957)
* ''
Chloritis procumbens'' (Gould, 1843)
* ''
Chloritis propinqua''
(Pfeiffer, 1857)
* ''
Chloritis quadrivolvis'' (Martens, 1865)
* ''
Chloritis quercina'' (Pfeiffer, 1857)
* ''
Chloritis remoratrix'' (Morlet, 1893)
* ''
Chloritis sanziana'' (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1849)
* ''
Chloritis selenitoides'' Fulton, 1899
* ''
Chloritis siamensis'' Möllendorff, 1902
* ''
Chloritis spinosissima'' C. Semper, 1880
* ''
Chloritis subsulcata'' Möllendorff, 1894
* ''
Chloritis sumbawana'' B. Rensch, 1930
* ''
Chloritis talabensis'' (Kobelt, 1896)
- from Sulawesi
* ''
Chloritis tenella'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1862)
* ''
Chloritis teres'' Gude, 1906
* ''
Chloritis tetragyra'' Möllendorff, 1897
* ''
Chloritis thachi'' F. Huber, 2018
* ''
Chloritis theobaldi'' Gude, 1914
* ''
Chloritis togianensis'' Maassen, 2009
- from Sulawesi
* ''
Chloritis transversalis'' (Mousson, 1857)
* ''
Chloritis unguiculastra'' (Martens, 1867)
* ''
Chloritis ungulina'' (Linnaeus, 1758) - type species
* ''
Chloritis vanbruggeni'' Maassen, 2009
- from Sulawesi
* ''
Chloritis vinhensis'' Thach & F. Huber, 2018
References
This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference.
[Maassen W. J. M. (2009). "Remarks on the genus ''Chloritis'' in Sulawesi, Indonesia, with the descriptions of two new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae)". '']Zoologische Mededelingen
''Zoologische Mededelingen'' was a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing papers and monographs on animal systematics. The publisher was the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. The first issue appeared ...
'' 83''
HTM
{{Taxonbar , from=Q5102970
Camaenidae