Jose Luis Martin Cosgayon Gascon (; 26 May 1964 – 9 October 2021), also known as Chito Gascon (), was a Filipino lawyer, civic organizer, and human rights activist. In 2015, he was appointed by then President Benigno S. Aquino III as the Chair of the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines serving a term from 2015 to 2021. Prior his stint in the Commission on Human Rights, he served as member of the Human Rights Victims' Claims Board, which administered reparations for

martial law Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers. Martial law can continue for a specified amount of time, or indefinitely, and standard civil liberties ...

victims. Jose Luis Gascon Commission on Human Rights (Philippines), Commission on Human Rights building He was the youngest member of the Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986, 1986 Constitutional Commission that drafted the

1987 Constitution of the Philippines The Constitution of the Philippines ( Filipino: ''Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas'' or ''Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas'') is the supreme law of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and rat ...

. As a member of the Philippine House of Representatives representing the

youth Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (Maturity (psychological), maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as bei ...

sector, he spearheaded the passage of pertinent legislation for the creation of the Sanggunian Kabataan (under the Local Government Code) and Republic Act 7610, a special law providing protection to children from abuse.

Early life and education

Gascon graduated with a

Bachelor of Arts A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is the holder of a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts deg ...

in Philosophy in 1998 and Bachelor of Laws degree in 1996, both from the

University of the Philippines, Diliman The University of the Philippines Diliman (also called UPD; ), also referred to as UP Diliman, is a State university and college (Philippines), public, coeducational, Research university, research university located in Diliman, Quezon City, Ph ...

. He was elected president of the University of the Philippines Student Council in 1985. In 1997, he earned a Master of Law degree specializing in Human Rights, Law of Peace, and Settlement of International Disputes from St. Edmund's College,

University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, wo ...

. He attended the 1997 Summer Institute on Human Rights administered by the International Institute for Human Rights with the European Human Rights Mechanisms in Strasbourg, France. He has also attended specialized seminars at the Theodor Heuss Academy for Freedom in Gummersbach, Germany and with the Center for Democratic Initiatives at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia.

Activism and civic work

Gascon was an active student leader during his time at the

University of the Philippines The University of the Philippines (UP; ) is a Higher education in the Philippines#State universities and colleges, state university system in the Philippines. It is the country's national university, as mandated by List of Philippine laws, Re ...

. In the wake of the

assassination Assassination is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a personespecially if prominent or important. It may be prompted by political, ideological, religious, financial, or military motives. Assassinations are orde ...

of Senator

Ninoy Aquino Benigno "Ninoy" Simeón Aquino Jr., (, ; November 27, 1932 – August 21, 1983) was a Filipino politician who served as a senator of the Philippines (1967–1972) and governor of the province of Tarlac (1963–1967). Aquino was the husban ...

on 21 August 1983, he helped mobilize protest actions in schools demanding justice and radical political change. In 1985, he was elected Chair of the

Student Council and led the youth movement that participated in the EDSA People Power Revolution. He organized Human Rights Awareness Fairs in campuses and was an active member of Amnesty International Philippine Section at which he served for many years as a board member. He also actively campaigned for the release of Political Prisoners and visited detention centers with Lingap Bilanggo. He was a member of Liberal International's Human Rights Committee & was also alternate member in the Inter-Agency Committee on Extra-Judicial Killings and Enforced Disappearances established under AO 35. He was in the Official Delegation for the 2012 Universal Periodic Review at the Human Rights Council in Geneva that was led by then-Justice Secretary and former CHR Chair Leila De Lima. He has been involved in many different civil society political alliances working for human rights and democracy such as the Kongreso ng Mamamayang Pilipino (KOMPIL 1 & 2), Bansang Nagkaisa sa Diwa at Layunin (BANDILA), the Black & White Movement, Social Liberals & Democrats for the Advancement of Reforms (SoLiDAR), and Re:Publika@DemokraXXIa - a new network of progressive activists. He was previously the executive director to both the liberal think tank National Institute for Policy Studies (NIPS) from 1987 to 2002 and LIBERTAS - a lawyers' network on the Rule of Law from 2005 to 2008. He was founding trustee and corporate counsel of the International Center for Innovation, Transformation, and Excellence in Governance (InciteGov) - the policy group of the so-called "Hyatt 10," and was part of its Advisory Group. He was Founding Trustee of the Institute for Leadership, Empowerment, and Democracy (iLEAD) and was in the organizing committee of the Asian Democracy Network (ADN). He was Director General of the

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...

from 2008 to 2011 and was Political Director of its successful 2010 National Electoral Campaign. He has taught law, Politics, & Human Rights at the Political Science Departments at both the Ateneo de Manila and De la Salle Universities. He was also a Fellow at the Robredo Institute of Governance (RSIG).

Political career and public service

1986 Constitutional Commission & 8th Philippine Congress

In the transition to democracy, during the term of President Corazon C. Aquino, Gascon served as the youngest member of the Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986, 1986 Constitutional Commission that drafted the 1987 Constitution and the 8th Philippine Congress, passing legislation that institutionalized youth participation in local government (

Sangguniang Kabataan A Sangguniang Kabataan (abbreviated as SK; ) is a community council that represents the youth in a barangay in the Philippines. Established to provide young people with a platform for civic engagement and participation in Local government in ...

) as well as a special law providing for special protection of children from all forms of abuse (RA 7610).

Department of Education (2002-2005)

He has held several senior positions in government, such as separate stints as Undersecretary at the Department of Education (DepEd, from 2002 to 2005) & the Office of the President (Political Affairs, from 2011 to 2014). He was also a board member of the Bases Conversion Development Authority (BCDA) from 2010 to 2011.

Peace Negotiations

He served as Panel Member at Peace Negotiations with the National Democratic Front (NDF) from 2001 to 2004 and had served as the chair from 2010 to 2014 of the Government's Human Rights Monitoring Committee (GPhMC) of that peace process within the framework of the Comprehensive Agreement on Respect for Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law (CARHRIHL). He has also assisted in peace negotiations involving the conflict with Muslim rebels in Mindanao as a member of the Technical Working Group on Power Sharing and Alternate Panel Member in peace talks with the

Moro Islamic Liberation Front The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF; ) is an Islamist group based in Mindanao, Philippines, which sought an autonomous region of the Moro people from the central government. The group has a presence in the Bangsamoro region of Mindanao, t ...

(MILF), and with the Ad Hoc High-Level Working Group for the Tripartite Review of the 1996 Final Peace Agreement with the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) together with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation's Peace Committee for Southern Philippines.

Commission on Human Rights

On 18 June 2015, Gascon was appointed by President Benigno S. Aquino III as the new Chair of the Human Rights Commission of the Philippines for the 2015–2022 term. Gascon succeeded Etta Rosales who retired on 5 May 2015. Executive Director Marc Cabreros served as officer-in-charge of the commission after Rosales' resignation until Gascon's appointment.

Awards and recognition

His continuing reform advocacies were in the areas of human rights, access to justice and the rule of law, transparency and accountability initiatives, political and electoral reforms, peace and conflict transformation, people's participation and civic education, and state building in the context of democratic transitions. Among the fellowships and recognitions he has received are: * Benigno S. Aquino Fellowship for Public Service given by the US State Department's Embassy in the Philippines in 2001 * First Filipino recipient of both the Democracy and Development Fellowship at

Stanford University Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University, is a Private university, private research university in Stanford, California, United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford (the eighth ...

's Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law in 2005 and

Reagan–Fascell Democracy Fellowship The Reagan–Fascell Democracy Fellowship Program is a resident program of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). It is named for the 40th U.S President Ronald Reagan and the late U.S. congressman Dante Fascell. Around 16 to 20 scholars are ...

at the International Forum for Democratic Studies of the National Endowment for Democracy in 2006 * Asian Public Intellectual Fellowship given by the Nippon Foundation in 2007 * Asian Leadership Fellowship given by the Japan Foundation in 2008

Personal life

He was married to Melissa P. Mercado and had a daughter, Ciara Sophia.

Death

On 9 October 2021, his brother Miguel revealed in a Facebook post that Chito had died from

COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever ...

References

Bibliography

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Gascon, Chito 1964 births 2021 deaths People from Manila Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines 20th-century Filipino lawyers Filipino human rights activists Filipino people of Spanish descent Filipino Roman Catholics Alumni of St Edmund's College, Cambridge Arroyo administration personnel Benigno Aquino III administration personnel Chairpersons of the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines Duterte administration personnel Filipino social democrats Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians Sectoral members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines University of the Philippines Diliman alumni 21st-century Filipino lawyers Members of the Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986