) , abbreviation = PAP ("People's Armed Police")
~~CAPF~~ ("Chinese Armed Police Force"), formerly abbreviated
''Wujing'' ( zh , s = 武警 , p = Wǔjǐng , l = Armed Police , labels = no ), or WJ as on vehicle license plates , patch = , patchcaption = Flag of the Force
(since 10 January 2018) , logo = Emblem of PAP Helicopter.svg , logocaption =

Roundel A roundel is a circular disc used as a symbol. The term is used in heraldry, but also commonly used to refer to a type of national insignia used on military aircraft, generally circular in shape and usually comprising concentric rings of differ ...

of People's Armed Police helicopters , badge = Chinese People's Armed Police Force (CAPF) cap insignia (2021).svg , badgecaption = Badge of the Force
(since 1 August 2021) , flag = PAP Armband.svg , flagcaption = Sleeve badge of the Force , imagesize = , motto = , mottotranslated = (

Serve the People "Serve the People" () is a political slogan and the motto of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It originates from the title of a speech by Mao Zedong, delivered in September 1944. The slogan became popular in the United States due to the strong ...

) , formed = * (de facto) * , preceding1 = , dissolved = , superseding = , employees = 1.5 million , budget = , legalpersonality = , country = China , national = yes , legaljuris =

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

, governingbody =

Central Military Commission Central Military Commission may refer to: *Central Military Commission (China), the highest national defense organization in the People's Republic of China. *Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the highest body in Vietnam ...

, constitution1 = (People's Armed Police Law of the People's Republic of China) , gendarmerie = Yes , speciality1 = paramilitary , speciality2 = coast , oversighttype = , oversightbody =

, headquarters =

Haidian District Haidian () is a northwest urban district of Beijing, bordering Xicheng, Beijing, Xicheng and Fengtai, Beijing, Fengtai. It is in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang, Beijing, Chaoyang), and is home ...

Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...

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Wang Chunning Wang Chunning (; born March 1963) is a general of the People's Liberation Army of China, currently serving as commander of the People's Armed Police. He was promoted to the rank of major general ('' shaojiang'') in 2011, lieutenant general ('' ...

, chief1position = Commander , chief2name = PAP General

Zhang Hongbing Zhang Hongbing (; born January 1966) is a general ('' shangjiang'') of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). He served as Political Commissar of the 76th Group Army from March 2017 to December 2019. Previously he served as Director of Political De ...

, chief2position = Political Commissar , chief3name = PAP General Zhou Jianguo , chief3position = Chief of Staff , parentagency =

, child1agency = PAP Internal Guard Corps: 32 × Corps , child2agency = PAP mobile units - 1st Mobile Corps and

2nd Mobile Corps The 2nd Mobile Corps, also translated as 2nd Mobile Contingent, is one of two Mobile Corps (the other being the 1st Mobile Contingent) of the People's Armed Police and is headquartered in Changle district, Fuzhou. History The 126th Division ...

, child3agency =

Chinese Coast Guard The China Coast Guard (CCG) () is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the People's Armed Police (PAP) of China. The Coast Guard is an armed gendarmerie force (of corps grade), and its cutters are ...

, anniversary1 = August 1st , anniversary2 = April 5 , website = , footnotes = , reference = The People's Armed Police Force is a Chinese

gendarmerie A gendarmerie () is a paramilitary or military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to " men-at-arms" (). In France and so ...

organization primarily responsible for

internal security Internal security is the act of keeping peace within the borders of a sovereign state or other Self-governance, self-governing territories, generally by upholding the national law and defending against internal security threats. This task and rol ...

riot control Riot control is a form of public order policing used by law enforcement, military, paramilitary or security forces to social control, control, disperse, and arrest people who are involved in a riot, unlawful Demonstration (people), demonstration ...

counter-terrorism Counterterrorism (alternatively spelled: counter-terrorism), also known as anti-terrorism, relates to the practices, military tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, law enforcement, businesses, and intelligence agencies use to co ...

disaster response Disaster response refers to the actions taken directly before, during, or immediately after a disaster. The objective is to save lives, ensure health and safety, and meet the subsistence needs of the people affected.UNGA (2016)Report of the open- ...

law enforcement Law enforcement is the activity of some members of the government or other social institutions who act in an organized manner to enforce the law by investigating, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing people who violate the rules and norms gove ...

and maritime rights protection as well as providing support to the

People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). It consists of four Military branch, services—People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Ground Force, People's ...

(PLA) during wartime. Unlike the civilian People's Police, the PAP is a specialized paramilitary force reporting directly to the

(CMC) of the

Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...

(CCP). PAP officers and soldiers wear dark olive green uniforms, different from pine green uniforms of the

People's Liberation Army Ground Force The People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF), also referred to as the PLA Army, is the army, land-based service branch of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and also its largest and oldest branch. The PLAGF can trace its lineage from 192 ...

(PLAGF) or the light blue and black uniforms of the People's Police. Additionally, People's Armed Police police officers are active duty service members and receive

veteran's benefits The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) under the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a wide variety of benefits to retired or separated United States armed forces personnel and their dependents or survivors. Through the VA, Veteran ...

. The PAP is estimated to have a total strength of 1.5 million. It was established in its current form in 1982, but similar security forces have operated since the founding of the

in 1949. During the

Maoist Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic o ...

era, the PAP's predecessors were the Chinese People's Public Security Force, initially under the MPS, and later the Public Security Corps which was under the command of the PLA.

History

The history of the People's Armed Police is as long as that of the People's Republic, and its origin can be traced back to the People's Liberation Army, which was responsible for both defending the nation from foreign invasions and maintaining internal security. Although the force was officially established in 1982, its constituent units stretch back to 1949.

People's Public Security Force

In July 1949, the CMC decided to establish the

Ministry of Public Security Ministry of Public Security can refer to: * Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil) * Ministry of Public Security of Burundi * Ministry of Public Security (Chile) * Ministry of Public Security (China) * Ministry of Public Security of Co ...

(MPS) with

Luo Ruiqing Luo Ruiqing (; May 31, 1906 – August 3, 1978), formerly romanized as Lo Jui-ch'ing, was a People's Republic of China, Chinese army officer and politician, general of the People's Liberation Army. As the first Ministry of Public Security ...

as its minister to organize the public security forces in the nation. In August 1949, several security and public order units of the Fourth Field Army were consolidated into the Central Column of the Chinese People's Public Security Force (PSF) to guard the

Party and State leaders Party and State leaders () is a political jargon used by official documents and by official media in China, referring to specific senior officials of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). The range of Party ...

and to keep the public order in the

capital Capital and its variations may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** Capital region, a metropolitan region containing the capital ** List of national capitals * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Econom ...

. The Central Column provided security for the inauguration ceremony of the People's Republic. From December 1949 to May 1950, regional security forces, along with the now dissolved Central Column, had been consolidated into divisions under the PSF. The PSF was assigned to the PLA and became the PLA Public Security Force in September 1950, and the PLA Public Security Corps in July 1955, reporting under the Central Military Commission of the CCP and the National Defense Council of the People's Republic. Luo Ruiqing was appointed as the commander and political commissar of the PSF in September 1950 and remained on the posts until 1959, retaining the command of the PSF. As of 1960, the Public Security Corps was organized in 8,200-strong Public Security Divisions, which were deemed not capable of independent, sustained, full-scale combat operations.

People's Armed Police Force

After numerous reorganizations and transfers of control between the PLA and the MPS, the People's Armed Police was created on 19 June 1982, combining the previous armed police,

border guard A border guard of a country is a national security agency that ensures border security. Some of the national border guard agencies also perform coast guard (as in Germany, Italy or Ukraine) and rescue service duties. Name and uniform In diff ...

s and . The headquarter was set up in the MPS as a subordinate department. The establishment of the PAP highlighted the efforts to increase the professionalization of the security apparatus, as well as the absorption of numerous PLA demobilized personnel, in the wake of growing unrest. The PAP was officially founded on April 5, 1983. The PAP was led by both the local government and superior PAP forces, which is called "Dual-Leadership" ''(双重领导)''. In practice, the local government (including the local party committee, local people's government and the local public security bureau) carries more weight. However, there were many confusions and loopholes caused by this ambiguous organization structure. In the mid and late 1990s, CCP

general secretary Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org ...

Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as Chairman of the Central Mil ...

significantly expanded and strengthened the PAP, with more than 100,000 new troops. Jiang praised the PAP, describing it as "''a major force for maintaining state security and social stability, the People's Armed Police shoulders a massive and formidable burden''" and deployed it extensively in

Xinjiang Xinjiang,; , SASM/GNC romanization, SASM/GNC: Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Sinkiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People' ...

and

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...

. Up until 2013, the Border Defense Coast Guard was a part of the PAP. In 2013, it was separated and transferred to the direct control of the

and the

State Oceanic Administration The State Oceanic Administration (SOA; ) was an administrative agency subordinate to the Ministry of Land and Resources, responsible for the supervision and management of sea area in the People's Republic of China and coastal environmental pro ...

. However, in March 2018, it was announced that the Coast Guard would be placed under the People's Armed Police Force once again since the State Oceanic Administration was disbanded, but now as an independent branch reporting directly to PAP headquarters.

2017–2018 Reform

Until 31 December 2017, the People's Armed Police had a dual command structure including the Central Military Commission (CMC) and the State Council through the

(MPS). Prior to the 2018 reform, the People's Armed Police was further divided into eight corps: Internal Guard, Gold, Forestry, Hydropower, Transportation, Border Defense, Firefighting, and Safeguard Corps. The Internal Guard Corps, which makes up for the bulk of PAP, is under the PAP Headquarters and reports thus to the party central committee and the CMC (Central Military Commission). The Gold, Forestry, Hydropower, and Transportation Corps, collectively known as the Specialist Corps, were by then under the joint leadership of PAP Headquarters and their respective ministries in the State Council. The Border Defense, Firefighting, and Guard Corps, collectively known as the Public Security Corps, were then under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). By law however, the PAP operates separately from the PLA. and, in terms of conducting public security operations and relevant capability building, the PAP Headquarters is under the leadership and command of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). From 1 January 2018, command of the People's Armed Police is jointly held by the CCP central committee and the Central Military Commission (CMC), with the PAP no longer subordinate to the State Council. The reform was reportedly carried out in order to deprive the local

authorities of the power to use the PAP units to commit abuses or against the leadership in Beijing, especially after the

Wang Lijun incident The Wang Lijun incident was a major Chinese political scandal which began in February 2012 when Wang Lijun, vice-mayor of Chongqing, was abruptly demoted, after revealing to the United States consulate details of British businessman Neil Heyw ...

in which the PAP was allegedly abused by provincial party secretary

Bo Xilai Bo Xilai ( zh, s=薄熙来, p=Bó Xīlái; born 3 July 1949) is a Chinese former politician who was convicted on bribery and embezzlement charges. He came to prominence through his tenures as Mayor of Dalian and then the governor of Liaoning. ...

to surround the US Consulate in

Chongqing ChongqingPostal Romanization, Previously romanized as Chungking ();. is a direct-administered municipality in Southwestern China. Chongqing is one of the four direct-administered municipalities under the State Council of the People's Republi ...

after a falling out with

Wang Wang may refer to: Names * Wang (surname) Wang () is the pinyin romanization of Chinese, romanization of the common Chinese surname (''Wáng''). It has a mixture of various origin with uncertain lineage of family history, however it is c ...

, the police chief of Chongqing at the time. Under the 2018 reforms, local authorities now need central approval in order to deploy the PAP. On 10 January 2018, the PAP received a new flag following the design of the branch flags of the PLA with three olive stripes at the bottom. The three olive stripes represents the People's Armed Police responsible for the three main tasks and force composition of maintaining national political security and social stability, maritime rights protection and law enforcement, and defense operations. On 21 March 2018, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party unveiled a reform plan for the People's Armed Police Force as part of the

deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions The deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions ( zh, , p=Shēnhuà dǎng hé guójiā jīgòu gǎigé, s=深化党和国家机构改革) was a large-scale reform of the institutions of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Peopl ...

. Under this plan, the non-combatant elements of the PAP, the Gold, Forestry, Hydropower, Border Defense, Firefighting, and Guard Corps, are to be removed and the CCG is to be consolidated with PAP. As of March 2018, the PAP is working with the Central Committee and the relevant organs for the transfer of non-combatant elements into civil service. The Transportation Corps is the only remaining component of the Specialist Corps. Until 2018, the Specialist Corps were responsible in constructing and maintaining highways and roads, surveying mineral deposits, fighting forest fires, and constructing large scale waterworks like dams and levees as well as for water works maintenance. The PAP is also called upon in emergency rescue and disaster relief operations within the PRC via the specialist and public security forces which can be forward deployed during such operations.

Organizational changes

With the 2018 reforms, Specialist Corps other than the Transportation Corps have been placed under other ministries. China Coast Guard (CCG) was transferred from State Council to PAP command, and the Transportation Corps has some units under the Mobile Corps. The Border Defense Corps and Guards Corps have been absorbed by the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). The Forestry Corps were merged with the (also known as the firefighting corps) of the MPS and reorganized as

China Fire and Rescue The China Fire and Rescue (CFR), officially known as the National Comprehensive Firefighting and Rescue Force (国家综合性消防救援队伍) is China's primary firefighting force, which is overseen by the National Fire and Rescue Administrati ...

(CF&R), it was placed under the

Ministry of Emergency Management The Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM) is 24th-ranked Ministries of the People's Republic of China, executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, responsible for the country's emergency management, work safety, ...

. The Gold Corps and Hydropower Corps have been transformed into state-owned enterprises under the supervision of the relevant State Council ministries ( Ministry of Natural Resources and China National Gold Group Corporation and China Aneng Construction Corporation, respectively).

Chronology

From the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the paramilitary public security force has been reorganized numerous times. The current designation since 1982, the People's Armed Police, was first used between 1959 and 1963. *1949–1950: Chinese People's Public Security Force, under the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) *1950–1955: Public Security Force, under the People's Liberation Army (PLA) *1955–1959: Public Security Corps, under the PLA *1959–1963: People's Armed Police, under the joint leadership of the MPS and the PLA *1963–1966: Chinese People's Public Security Force, under the joint leadership of the MPS and the PLA *1966–1982: PLA Internal Guard, absorbed into the PLA in an integrated structure. In 1971 and 1973, some units were transferred to the MPS *1982–present: People's Armed Police (PAP)

Mission and operations

The People's Armed Police is formally regulated by the People's Armed Police Law of the People's Republic of China ( zh, c=中华人民共和国人民武装警察法, labels=no), adopted and effective since 27 August 2009. The People's Armed Police's primary mission is internal security. The Law on the People's Armed Police Force (PAPF), passed in August 2009, giving it statutory authority to respond to riots, terrorist attacks or other emergencies. Such units guard government buildings at all levels (including party and state organizations, foreign embassies and consulates), provide security to public corporations and major public events, as well as counter-terrorism and handling of public emergencies. Some units guard civilian prisons and provide executioners for the state. The PAP also maintains tactical

(CT) units such as the Snow Wolf Commando Unit and various Special Operations/Police units. In the Chinese policing system, the PAP is tasked with managing protests (otherwise referred to as " mass incidents") and protecting important facilities and events, while public security police investigates crime and maintain public order. The PAP assists the regular police in high-risk operations, set up roadblocks and protects crime scenes. It also conducts preventive patrol under the leadership of the public security bureaus, sometimes in conjunction with them. When dealing with mass incidents and armed offenders, responsibility shifts to the People's Armed Police. The PAP maintains units tasked with responding to any possible armed mutinies by PLA soldiers. In wartime deployments the PAP can assist the Ground Force and the

Navy A navy, naval force, military maritime fleet, war navy, or maritime force is the military branch, branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare, naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral z ...

International operations

While the People's Armed Police is principally charged with internal security and guarding key facilities and installations, it also operates as part of the international security efforts of the People's Republic of China, against both terrorism and organized crime. Mathieu Duchâtel for The National Bureau of Asian Research identifies the legal basis of the PAP missions abroad in Article 71 of the 2015 Counter-terrorism Law. According Armed Police Force University professor Zhou Jian, counterterrorism is a task provided by law for the People's Armed Police and operating missions abroad is an "irreplaceable means". The People's Armed Police send personnel abroad to receive training or provide training and participates in counter-terrorism exercises, especially across

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

in bilateral and multilateral agreements. PAP special operations forces are also deployed in the Chinese embassies of Baghdad and Kabul for the purposes of protection of diplomatic staff and property. Since 2011, the People's Armed Police has also conducted operations along the

Mekong river The Mekong or Mekong River ( , ) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's List of rivers by length, twelfth-longest river and List of longest rivers of Asia, the third-longest in Asia with an estimated l ...

with the security forces of

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

and

Cambodia Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline ...

. These operations are aimed against organized crime. Since 2014, the People's Republic of China established a security cooperation with

Tajikistan Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital city, capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, south, Uzbekistan to ...

and

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

on Afghan border, near the

Wakhan Corridor The Wakhan Corridor (; ) is a narrow strip of territory in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan. This corridor stretches eastward, connecting Afghanistan to Xinjiang, China. It also separates the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajiki ...

and in

Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region Gorno-Badakhshan, officially the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region in eastern Tajikistan, in the Pamir Mountains. It makes up nearly forty-five percent of the country's land area but only two percent of its popul ...

. The People's Armed Police is the main force for both bilateral and trilateral counterterrorism operations (mainly reconnaissance patrols in remote areas), being deployed south of Shaymak; the PAP has also conducted training for Tajik security forces. The Border Defense Corps has also been deployed in

UN Peacekeeping operations Peacekeeping by the United Nations is a role of the United Nations's Department of Peace Operations and an "instrument developed by the organization as a way to help countries torn by conflict to create the conditions for lasting peace". It is ...

. Between 2006 and 2018, the Border Defense Corps was deployed in peacekeeping 10 times, with a total of 1325 officers being deployed for peacekeeping. This includes

MINUSTAH The United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (), also known as MINUSTAH, an acronym of its French name, was a UN peacekeeping mission in Haiti from 2004 to 2017. It was composed of 2,366 military personnel and 2,533 police, supported by int ...

, where out of eight Chinese peacekeeping deaths in the

2010 Haiti Earthquake The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic Moment magnitude scale, magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake that struck Haiti at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. The epicenter was near the town of Léogâne, Ouest (departm ...

three were Border Defense Corps officers. The Border Defense Corps was also deployed in UNMIL, where on October 28, 2017, where the 5th PAP Deployment to Liberia (part of the Guangxi Border Defense Corps) was awarded the "Liberia National Outstanding Contribution Award" by the Liberian Government.

Comparisons to foreign agencies

The PAP has been compared by both Chinese and foreign scholars with the

forces found in many countries, most famously the

French Gendarmerie The National Gendarmerie ( ) is one of two national law enforcement forces of France, along with the National Police. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French Armed Forces placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior, with ad ...

, but the main inspiration for the PAP's establishment and operation came from the Internal Troops of the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

and related paramilitary forces of the

Eastern Bloc The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, the Workers Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was an unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were a ...

such as the East German Alert Units, adapted to the specific military-political culture and thinking of the

(CCP) leadership. It has also sometimes been compared by Chinese media to the

US National Guard The National Guard is a state-based military force that becomes part of the U.S. military's reserve components of the U.S. Army and the U.S. Air Force when activated for federal missions.

Headquarters and organization

The People's Armed Police Headquarters is the leading and commanding organ that directs and administers all the units and provides guidance to it. The PAP has a commander, a political commissar and several deputy commanders and deputy political commissars. The PAP also has departments responsible for logistical and political matters and several speciality departments. Following adjustment and reorganization, the People's Armed Police is mainly composed of the territorial forces, the mobile forces, and the Coast Guard. The People's Armed Police Headquarters, placed at Theater Command Grade, include five Departments directly under the Headquarters: * Staff Department (Deputy Theater Command Grade); ** Training Bureau (Division Leader Grade); ** Intelligence Bureau (Division Leader Grade), led by Zhang Xiaoqi; * Political Work Department (Deputy Theater Command Grade): led by Director

Lieutenant general Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was norma ...

Gao Wei; ** Propaganda Bureau (Division Leader Grade); ** Soldier and Civilian Personnel Bureau (Division Leader Grade); * Discipline Inspection Commission (Deputy Theater Command Grade); * Logistics Department (Corps Leader Grade); * Equipment Department (Corps Leader Grade). Being of Theatre Command Grade, the People's Armed Police is led by a full General.

Training

The People's Armed Police has a number of training institutions, likely overseen by the Training Bureau of the Staff Department. * (Corps Leader Grade, led by a Major General) * (Corps Leader Grade, led by a Major General) * (Corps Leader Grade, led by a Major General) * (Deputy Corps Leader Grade, led by a Major General) * People's Armed Police Special Police Academy (Deputy Corps Leader Grade, led by a Major General) * China Coast Guard Academy * Non-commissioned Officer School of the People's Armed Police New constables of the People's Armed Police are drawn from the general military conscription pool, but they are trained in the People's Armed Police basic training units. According to Zi Yang, the state of the education and training system as of 2016 suffered of issues which negatively affected the quality of education.

People's Armed Police Academy

The People's Armed Police Academy tasked with officer education and training for duties related to the missions entrusted to the People's Armed Police, including, since 2001, UN peacekeeping. The People's Armed Police Academy is headquartered in

Langfang Langfang is a prefecture-level city of Hebei Province of China, Province, China, and was known as Tianjin Prefecture until 1973. It was renamed Langfang Prefecture after Tianjin became a Direct-controlled municipalities of China, municipality ...

, of

Hebei Hebei is a Provinces of China, province in North China. It is China's List of Chinese administrative divisions by population, sixth-most populous province, with a population of over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. It bor ...

. The People's Armed Police Academy started to recruit cadets in 1984; since 1997, it has begun to issue bachelor's degrees; in 2003 it was allowed to issue master's degrees. According to a 2019 source, it is subordinate to the Ministry of Public Security. The PAP Academy is a Corps Leader Grade command, and thus it is led by a major general who serves as Superintendent. All graduates to the academy are commissioned into the PAP as Second Lieutenants (equivalent of Ensigns for those commissioned into the Coast Guard).

People's Armed Police Logistics Academy

The People's Armed Police Logistics Academy is a training body aimed to train People's Armed Police personnel in handling logistics. According to Unit Tracker, the university include subjects as applied economics, military and paramilitary logistics, as well as engineering. The Logistics Academy is a Corps Leader Grade command, and thus it is led by a major general.

Mobile corps

Mobile corps ( zh, s=机动总队, p=jīdòng zǒngduì), often mistranslated as "Contingents" are large formations without fixed areas of responsibility. Two were created after the 2018 reforms; most of the subordinate units came from the 14 disbanded mobile divisions. Mobile corps are corps leader grade formations commanded by major generals. The mobile corps are mainly responsible for dealing with terrorism, violent crime, riots, and public security threats.

1st Mobile Corps

The 1st Mobile Corps is based in

Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang; Mandarin: ; formerly known as Shimen and romanized as Shihkiachwang is the capital and most populous city of China's Hebei Province. A prefecture-level city southwest of Beijing, it administers eight districts, three county-le ...

, south of

. The Corps covers northern and central China, including

. The 1st Mobile Corps consists of: * Nine mobile detachments (

Panjin Panjin ( zh, s=盘锦, t=盤錦, p=Pánjǐn) is a coastal prefecture-level city in central Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, situated on the northern shore of the Liaodong Bay. It borders Anshan to the east, Yingkou to the sout ...

Liaoning ) , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = Clockwise: Mukden Palace in Shenyang, Xinghai Square in Dalian, Dalian coast, Yalu River at Dandong , image_map = Liaoning in China (+all claims hatched).svg , ...

;

Shenyang Shenyang,; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ; formerly known as Fengtian formerly known by its Manchu language, Manchu name Mukden, is a sub-provincial city in China and the list of capitals in China#Province capitals, provincial capital of Liaonin ...

, Liaoning; Bayisingtu,

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of China. Its border includes two-thirds of the length of China's China–Mongolia border, border with the country of Mongolia. ...

;

Tianjin Tianjin is a direct-administered municipality in North China, northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the National Central City, nine national central cities, with a total population of 13,866,009 inhabitants at the time of the ...

;

Dingzhou Dingzhou, or Tingchow in Postal Map Romanization, and formerly called Ding County or Dingxian, is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Baoding, Hebei, Hebei Province. As of 2020, Dingzhou had a population of 1.1 million. Dingzhou ...

, Hebei;

Baoding Baoding is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately southwest of Beijing. As of the 2020 census, Baoding City had 11,544,036 inhabitants, of which 2,549,787 lived in the metropolitan area made of 4 out of 5 urban distri ...

, Hebei;

Jinzhong Jinzhong, formerly Yuci, is a prefecture-level city in east central Shanxi province of the People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei province to the east. As of the 2020 census, its total population was 3,379,498 inhabitants of whom 1,226,61 ...

Shanxi Shanxi; Chinese postal romanization, formerly romanised as Shansi is a Provinces of China, province in North China. Its capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are Changzhi a ...

;

Zhengzhou Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan, China. Located in northern Henan, it is one of the nine National central city, national central cities in China, and serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational center of the province. Th ...

Henan Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including Yinxu, the ruins of the final capital of the Shang dynasty () and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China, Lu ...

;

Pingliang Pingliang ( zh, s=平凉 , t=平涼 , p=Píngliàng , l="Pacify Liang") is a inner land prefecture-level city in eastern Gansu province, China, bordering Shaanxi province to the south and east and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region to the north. T ...

Gansu Gansu is a provinces of China, province in Northwestern China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, in the southeastern part of the province. The seventh-largest administrative district by area at , Gansu lies between the Tibetan Plateau, Ti ...

); * Three Special Operations detachments (Beijing; Tianjin; Shijiazhuang); * Two Transportation detachments (Beijing and Xi’an, Shaanxi); * One Engineering/Chemical Defence detachment (

Huludao Huludao ( zh, s=葫芦岛 , t=葫蘆島 , p=Húludǎo), formerly known as Jinxi () until 1994, is a coastal prefecture-level city in southwestern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. Its name literally means "Gourd Island", referring t ...

, Liaoning); * One Helicopter detachment with 3 Groups

2nd Mobile Corps

The 2nd Mobile Corps is headquartered in

Fuzhou Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian, China. The city lies between the Min River (Fujian), Min River estuary to the south and the city of Ningde to the north. Together, Fuzhou and Ningde make up the Eastern Min, Mindong linguistic and cultural regi ...

, with units concentrated in

Fujian Fujian is a provinces of China, province in East China, southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefe ...

and surrounding provinces along the coast (covering eastern and southern China). The 2nd Mobile Corps consists of: * Nine mobile detachments (Wuyi,

Jiangsu Jiangsu is a coastal Provinces of the People's Republic of China, province in East China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the List of Chinese administra ...

;

Putian Putian ( zh, s= , Putian dialect: ''Pó-chéng''), also known as Puyang (莆阳) and Puxian (莆仙), historically known as Hinghwa/Hinghua ( zh, s=兴化, t=興化), is a prefecture-level city in Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. I ...

;

Guangzhou Guangzhou, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Guangdong Provinces of China, province in South China, southern China. Located on the Pearl River about nor ...

;

Foshan Foshan (, ; Chinese: 佛山) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong Province, China. The entire prefecture covers and had a population of 9,498,863 as of the 2020 census. The city is part of the western side of the Pearl River Delta m ...

Guangdong ) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...

; Mengzi,

Yunnan Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...

;

Nanchong Nanchong ( zh, c=南充 , p=Nánchōng , w=Nan-ch'ung; Sichuanese: lan2cong1) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of Sichuan province, China, with an area of . At the 2020 census it was home to 5,607,565 people, of whom 1,936,534 liv ...

Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...

); * Two Special Operations detachments (Guangzhou(

Snow Leopard Commando Unit The Snow Leopard Commando Unit (SLCU, Simplified Chinese: 雪豹突击队), formerly known as the Snow Wolf Commando Unit (SWCU, Simplified Chinese: 雪狼突击队), is a People's Armed Police (PAP) tactical unit in the People's Republic of C ...

) and

Huzhou Huzhou (, ; Huzhou dialect: Romanization of Wu Chinese, ''ghou² cieu¹'') is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province (Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain, China). Lying south of the Lake Tai, it borders Jiaxing to the east, Hangzho ...

Zhejiang ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = ( Hangzhounese) ( Ningbonese) (Wenzhounese) , image_skyline = 玉甑峰全貌 - panoramio.jpg , image_caption = View of the Yandang Mountains , image_map = Zhejiang i ...

); * Three Transportation detachments (

Hefei Hefei is the Capital city, capital of Anhui, China. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, and cultural center of Anhui. Its population was 9,369,881 as of the 2020 census. Its built-up (or ''metro'') area is made up of four u ...

Anhui Anhui is an inland Provinces of China, province located in East China. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze and Huai rivers, bordering Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the east, Jiang ...

;

Mianyang Mianyang ( zh, s=绵阳, t=綿陽, w=Mien2-yang2, p=Miányáng; Sichuanese Pinyin, Sichuanese romanization: ''Mien-iang''; formerly known as Mienchow, zh, t=綿州, p=Mianzhou, links=no; Sichuanese romanization: ''Miencheo''; ) is the second lar ...

, Sichuan;

Linzhi Nyingchi (), also known as Linzhi ( zh, s=林芝, p=Linzhi) or Nyingtri, is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. The administrative seat of Nyingchi is Bayi District. Nyingchi is the location of Buch ...

); * One Engineering/Chemical Defense detachment (Fuzhou, Fujian); * One Helicopter detachment with 3 Groups The incumbent Commander is Major General Chen Hongwu, while the Political Commissar is Major General Yang Zhenguo.

Internal security forces

The major part of the PAP is the ''nèiwèi bùduì'' ( zh, s=内卫部队); translations include "internal security forces", "internal security troops", and "internal guards corps". Internal security forces are divided into provincial-level formations with geographical areas of responsibility. They are subordinated to PAP headquarters; the 2017-2018 reforms removed control of PAP units from local government. Internal security forces are focused on domestic security missions, maintaining stability in western China, guarding government compounds, disaster relief, and responding to major anti-government unrest. The ''zǒngduì'' ( zh, s=总队) is the provincial formation. They are called "corps" by the PAP; Western analysts have used "contingent", "general corps", and "detachment". Most are corps deputy leader grade formations. The exceptions are the Beijing and Xinjiang corps which are corps leader grade; their subordinate entities, except for the logistics and equipment bureaus, are one grade higher than in the other corps.

Hong Kong Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...

and

Macau Macau or Macao is a special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). With a population of about people and a land area of , it is the most List of countries and dependencies by p ...

do not have corps. Corps have mobile detachments and duty detachments ( zh, s=执勤支队, p=zhíqín zhīduì). Duty detachments protect government compounds and perform routine duties; they may exist because the CCP lacks confidence in the ability of local public security forces to handle "mass incidents". Mobile detachments ( zh, s=机动支队, p=jīdòng zhīduì) are rapid reaction units roughly corresponding to PLAGF regiments. Some were existing corps mobile units before the reforms. Most were transferred from the disbanded mobile divisions. Most corps have one. In general, western provinces with large non-Han population have more than those in China's interior. Corps are further subdivided at lower administrative levels. Regimental-level detachments ( zh, s=支队, p=zhīduì) are found in provinces,

prefectures A prefecture (from the Latin word, "''praefectura"'') is an administrative jurisdiction traditionally governed by an appointed prefect. This can be a regional or local government subdivision in various countries, or a subdivision in certain inter ...

, and specifically designated cities. Battalions ( zh, s=大队, p=dadui) are located in districts of the important cities and

counties A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...

. Companies ( zh, s=中队, p=zhōngduì) are found in counties. All corps have subordinate elementary command colleges.

List of provincial corps

* * ** 4 mobile detachments * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** Two mobile detachments * * * * ** Two mobile detachments * ** Four mobile detachments * Tibet Corps ** Three mobile detachments * * ** Three mobile detachments * ** Seven mobile detachments * (Not to be confused with the XPCC itself) *

Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces

The MPSASF were agencies of the

who were manned by People's Armed Police Personnel.

Border Defense Corps

The Border Defense Corps was formerly an agency under the MPSASF that was in charge of border patrol and immigration inspection.

Guard Corps

The Guard Corps were formerly in charge of VIP protection and protection of provincial leaders.

China Fire Services

The China Fire Services was China's Primary firefighting agency prior to 2018. It was also known as the Firefighting corps.

Transportation units

Prior to the 2018 reforms, the () was its own independent corps under the dual command of the PAP and the

Ministry of Transport A ministry of transport or transportation is a ministry responsible for transportation within a country. It usually is administered by the ''minister for transport''. The term is also sometimes applied to the departments or other government a ...

. During the 2018 reforms, the Transportation Corps was reorganized into part of the

1st First most commonly refers to: * First, the ordinal form of the number 1 First or 1st may also refer to: Acronyms * Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters, an astronomical survey carried out by the Very Large Array * Far Infrared a ...

and

2nd A second is the base unit of time in the International System of Units (SI). Second, Seconds, The Second, or (The) 2nd may also refer to: Mathematics * 2 (number), as an ordinal (also written as ''2nd'' or ''2d'') * Minute and second of arc, ...

mobile corps. The mission of Transport units of the People's Armed Police is to conduct disaster relief and emergency repair on highways, bridges, tunnels, seaports railways and airports, security to construction projects related to national security along with law enforcement duties on highways in border regions.

History

The lineage of the 1st Transportation Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps dates back to the 2nd World War, when it was known as the Laiyuan guerilla detachment of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military district. It participated in the

Chinese civil war The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government, government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Armed conflict continued intermitt ...

WW2 World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising ...

and the

Korean war The Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) and their allies. North Korea was s ...

. After becoming part of the it was deployed to build the Duku Highway in 1974 in which 47 personnel lost their lives. Prior to 1984, the transportation corps was part of the . The 7th Transportation Detachment assisted in disaster relief after the 2015 Tianjin explosions. The 6th Detachment of the transportation corps deployed 105 officers and 48 vehicles for

urban search and rescue Urban search and rescue (abbreviated as USAR or US&R) is a type of technical rescue operation that involves the location, extrication, and initial medical stabilization of victims trapped in an urban area, namely structural collapse due to natu ...

duties during the 2015 Shenzhen landslide.

Organization (Pre-2018)

* Transportation Corps Headquarters ** Logistics office - Headquarters in 21 Huixin West Street, Chaoyang district,

* 1st Transportation Corps ** 1st Transportation Detachment ** 2nd Transportation Detachment ** 3rd Transportation Detachment * 2nd Transportation Corps - Headquartered in

Kashgar Kashgar () or Kashi ( zh, c=喀什) is a city in the Tarim Basin region of southern Xinjiang, China. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, located near the country's border with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. For over 2,000 years, Kashgar ...

** 4th Transportation Detachment ** 5th Transportation Detachment **6th Transportation Detachment **7th Transportation Detachment - Headquartered in

Qinhuangdao Qinhuangdao (; zh, s=秦皇岛, link=no) is a port city on the coast of China in northern Hebei. It is administratively a prefecture-level city, about east of Beijing, on the Bohai Sea, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea. Its population d ...

**8th Transportation Detachment - Jurisdiction area Xinjiang-Tibet Highway between

Rutog County Rutog County (, zh, s=日土县) is a Counties of China, county in Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The county seat is the new Rutog Town, located some or 700 miles west-northwest of the Tibetan capital, Lhasa. Rutog Co ...

and

Saga County Saga County (; zh, s=萨嘎县) is a county of the prefecture-level city of Xigazê in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, bordering Nepal to the west and southwest. Dajia Lake and Jiesa Lake lies in the county. Administration divisions Saga C ...

Organization (Post-2018)

After the 2018 reforms, the transportation corps was reorganized into 5 detachments in the 1st and 2nd Mobile Corps: * 1st Transportation Detachment, 1st Mobile Corps - Stationed in

* 2nd Transportation Detachment, 1st Mobile Corps - Stationed in Chang'an District,

Xi'an Xi'an is the list of capitals in China, capital of the Chinese province of Shaanxi. A sub-provincial city on the Guanzhong plain, the city is the third-most populous city in Western China after Chongqing and Chengdu, as well as the most populou ...

* 1st Transportation Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps- Stationed in

* 2nd Transportation Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps - Stationed in

, Sichuan * 3rd Transportation Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps - Stationed in

Bomê County Pome County () or Bomê County ( zh, s=波密县) is a county of Nyingchi Prefecture in the south-east of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Historically known as Powo or Poyul, it was the seat of a quasi-independent kingdom until the early 20th cent ...

Nyingchi Nyingchi (), also known as Linzhi ( zh, s=林芝, p=Linzhi) or Nyingtri, is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. The administrative seat of Nyingchi is Bayi District. Nyingchi is the location of Buch ...

Tibet Autonomous Region The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), often shortened to Tibet in English or Xizang in Pinyin, Hanyu Pinyin, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China. It was established in 1965 to replace the ...

Controversy

In 2015, Ex-Transportation corps commander Major General Liu Zhanqi, Ex-Transportation corps Political commissar Major General and Ex-Transportation Corps Chief engineer Major General were arrested on June 16, July 31 and September 15 respectively on corruption-related charges as part of the

anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping A far-reaching anti-corruption campaign began in China following the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 2012. The campaign, carried out under the aegis of Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CCP, ...

. As of September 16, 2015, a total of 43 people were arrested in relation to the case.

Forestry Corps

The () was a former branch of the PAP which did tasks such as fighting Wildfires and law enforcement in forest areas, along with protecting wildlife, disaster relief. When it was active, it was the only military branch on Earth whose task was fighting wildfires. It was nicknamed the "Fearless Red Boys". The Forestry Corps was officially disbanded on October 10, 2018.

History

The Forestry Corps can trace its lineage to the Armed Forest Protection Battalions (); There were a total of four battalions; Each of the Hejiang, Songjiang, Longjiang and

Jilin ) , image_skyline = Changbaishan Tianchi from western rim.jpg , image_alt = , image_caption = View of Heaven Lake , image_map = Jilin in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_al ...

provinces consisted of one Armed Forest Protection Battalion. Founded on August 25, 1948, these units were created to conduct

counterinsurgency Counterinsurgency (COIN, or NATO spelling counter-insurgency) is "the totality of actions aimed at defeating irregular forces". The Oxford English Dictionary defines counterinsurgency as any "military or political action taken against the ac ...

operations against Japanese/Collaborator holdouts (This role was also later expanded to KMT holdouts after the

Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government, government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Armed conflict continued intermitt ...

), bandits and triads in

Northeast China Northeast China () is a geographical region of China, consisting officially of three provinces Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. The heartland of the region is the Northeast China Plain, the largest plain in China with an area of over . The regi ...

, which would often raid local villages and commit acts of arson, causing wildfires. At the time of establishment, each had 960 soldiers (3840 soldiers, all battalions combined). The Armed Forest Protection Battalions would often disguise themselves as hunters during recon, and used

Cavalry Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from ''cheval'' meaning "horse") are groups of soldiers or warriors who Horses in warfare, fight mounted on horseback. Until the 20th century, cavalry were the most mob ...

tactics. By October 16, 1950, each battalion had 1600 soldiers (6400 Soldiers total). According to archives, by 1952, the Armed Forest Protection Battalions had killed a total of 6 KMT and American spies along with capturing a total of 46 spies, 34 triad members and 71 illegal migrants along with 68 firearms, multiple tens of thousand rounds of ammunition, multiple kilograms of drugs and prevented a total of 7 vandalism incidents. On May 11, 1953, the Armed Forest Protection Battalions were transferred to the and renamed to the Forest Protection Police (). Its task was to patrol forests, prevent illegal entry of protected areas and to serve as lookouts for forest fires. It often continued to have shootouts with KMT/American spies along with bandits and assisted with protecting

lumberjack Lumberjack is a mostly North American term for workers in the logging industry who perform the initial harvesting and transport of trees. The term usually refers to loggers in the era before 1945 in the United States, when trees were felled us ...

s and

logging Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidder, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or trunk (botany), logs onto logging truck, trucksMosin Nagant rifles. In the first few months of its founding, the Forest Protection Police lost many officers due to disorientation, and in October 1953, the Forest Protection Police began mapping forest regions of China and issuing crude maps to its officers. Due to the logistics issues of boots-on-the-ground firefighting, in 1960 the Forest Police received 122 paratroopers and founded the Forest Police Smokejumper Company () for rapid deployment against wildfires. The

Lisunov Li-2 The Lisunov Li-2 (NATO reporting name: Cab), originally designated PS-84, was a license-built Soviet-version of the Douglas DC-3. It was produced by Factory #84 in Khimki, Moscow-Khimki and, after the factory's evacuation in 1941, at the Tash ...

was used by the Smokejumper Company. On 27 May 1965 the Company saw its first action, deploying 10 Smokejumpers to assist with fighting a wildfire in

Daxing'anling Prefecture Daxing'anling (), also known as Da Hinggan Ling, is the northernmost Chinese prefecture-level division, located in northwestern Heilongjiang Province. It covers and had a population of 520,000, as of 2004. It is named after the Greater Khinga ...

. In 1978, the Smokejumper Company was renamed to the Airborne Detachment (). Between its establishment and 1981, the Airborne Detachment was deployed to fight a total of over 325 wildfires, however its fate past 1981 is currently unknown. On April 18, 1978, the Forest Police became a volunteer force with three years of service. On May 3, 1984, the Forest Police became part of the People's Armed Police and was under the dual command of the People's Armed Police and the National Forestry Administration. On January 13, 1988, the was officially established. On February 10, 1999, the Forestry Corps HQ, Inner Mongolia Corps, Heilongjiang Corps, Jilin Corps and Yunnan Detachment (later upgraded to corps level) were founded, in 2002 the Sichuan Corps, Tibet Corps and Xinjiang Corps were founded, and in 2007 the Fujian Corps, the Gansu Corps and were founded. On July 22, 2009, the was founded. It was stationed in

Daqing Daqing () is a prefecture-level city in the west of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. The name literally means "Great Celebration" and refers to the tenth anniversary of the PRC. Daqing is known as the "Oil Capital of China" a ...

and operated Z-8 Helicopters, which were used for search and rescue, personnel transport and

firefighting Firefighting is a profession aimed at controlling and extinguishing fire. A person who engages in firefighting is known as a firefighter or fireman. Firefighters typically undergo a high degree of technical training. This involves structural fir ...

. The Helicopter Detachment had the nickname "Heroic Firefighting Hawks". AC313s were also ordered. After the

2008 Sichuan Earthquake An earthquake occurred in the province of Sichuan, China at 14:28:01 China Standard Time on May 12, 2008. Measuring at 8.0 (7.9–8.3 ), the earthquake's epicenter was located boxing the compass, west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial ...

, the Forestry Corps deployed over 2000 personnel to assist with rescue efforts. In total, the forestry corps evacuated 14,000 people, rescued 8 survivors, recovered the bodies of 1,200 victim along with transporting 2,000 tonnes of aid, repairing 40 km of roads and rescuing 86

giant panda The giant panda (''Ailuropoda melanoleuca''), also known as the panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China. It is characterised by its white animal coat, coat with black patches around the eyes, ears, legs and shoulders. ...

s. On September 16, 2015, the Forestry Corps

Lijiang Lijiang ( zh, s= ), formerly romanized as Likiang, is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China. It has an area of and had a population of 1,253,878 at the 2020 census whom 288,787 lived in the built-up area (metro) ...

Detachment was deployed to Huaping county to conduct post-flood disaster relief efforts, rescuing 10 people and transporting 60 tonnes of aid. On March 22, 2018, it was announced that the Forestry Corps was merged into the National Fire and Rescue Administration, becoming a purely civilian firefighting agency and losing its law enforcement duties. The 13 Provincial Forestry Corps were converted into Forest Fire Departments; the Mobile Detachment was renamed to the National Fire and Rescue Administration Mobile Detachment. The Helicopter Detachment was renamed to the National Fire and Rescue Administration Daqing Aerial Rescue Detachment, and the 2nd Group, Helicopter Detachment was renamed to the . The merge was officially finalized on 15:00, September 29, 2018. On June 2, 2018, large scale wildfires sprung up in

. A total of 7000 Forestry Corps personnel were deployed from the Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Jilin Corps to suppress the wildfire. Between 1948 and 2018, the Forestry Corps and it's predecessors conducted a total of 16,000 wildfire fighting operations and 43,000 law enforcement operations. A total of 236 units and personnel received honorary titles, and 92 units and personnel received 1st Class Meritorious Service Medals.

Gold Corps

Prior to the 2018 reforms, the () was a branch of the PAP whose role switched multiple times in history, however it was mostly dedicated to finding gold deposits, mining gold and providing law enforcement at

gold mines Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining. Historically, mining gold from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are not on the surface has led to more complex ...

History

It was founded in March 1979 as part of the . It was under the joint dual command of the Basic Engineering Corps and the . It consisted of 7 regiment level battalions and 12 geological teams. The Gold Corps was handed to the PAP in January 1985. After 1985, it went under the dual control of the and

. It's role in this time was to do geological surveys for gold mining. After February 1999, it went under the dual control of the People's Armed Police and the . It's official duties were: finding gold deposits, providing security and law enforcement to gold mines, mining gold and preventing conflict near gold mines. By 2011, the gold corps had mined 1800 tonnes of gold. The same year in December, it's official role switched again to geological surveying and metal analysis along with disaster relief to geological related incidents and law enforcement. In 2016, it's role was switched yet again to focus primarily on military geology related work in the Deepening National Defense and Military Reform. In 2018, the Gold Corps was disbanded and its personnel were handed to the Ministry of Natural Resources, the China Geological Survey and the China National Gold Group Corporation.

Organization

* 1st Gold Corps - Headquarters in

Harbin Harbin, ; zh, , s=哈尔滨, t=哈爾濱, p=Hā'ěrbīn; IPA: . is the capital of Heilongjiang, China. It is the largest city of Heilongjiang, as well as being the city with the second-largest urban area, urban population (after Shenyang, Lia ...

** 1st Gold Detachment ** 2nd Gold Detachment ** 3rd Gold Detachment ** 4th Gold Detachment * 2nd Gold Corps ** 5th Gold Detachment ** 6th Gold Detachment ** 7th Gold Detachment ** 8th Gold Detachment * 3rd Gold Corps - Headquarters in

Chengdu Chengdu; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ; Chinese postal romanization, previously Romanization of Chinese, romanized as Chengtu. is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a ...

** 9th Gold Detachment ** 10th Gold Detachment ** 11th Gold Detachment ** 12th Gold Detachment * Gold Corps Research Institute * Gold Corps Training Battalion

2020 Reforms

In September 2020, Some former Gold Corps units were reactivated and transferred to the China Geological Survey under different names. * The 1st Gold Corps was renamed to the China Geological Survey

Natural Resources Comprehensive Research Center. * The 1st Gold Detachment was renamed to the China Geological Survey

Mudanjiang Mudanjiang (; Manchu language, Manchu: ''Mudan bira''), postal romanization, alternately romanized as Mutankiang, is a prefecture-level city in the southeast part of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. It was called ''Botankou'' un ...

Natural Resources Comprehensive Research Center. * The 2nd Gold Detachment was renamed to the China Geological Survey

Hohhot Hohhot,; abbreviated zh, c=呼市, p=Hūshì, labels=no formerly known as Kweisui, is the Capital (political), capital of Inner Mongolia in the North China, north of the China, People's Republic of China, serving as the region's administrativ ...

Natural Resources Comprehensive Research Center * The 5th Gold Detachment was renamed to the China Geological Survey

Mineral Resources Research Center. * The 6th Gold Detachment was renamed to the China Geological Survey

Xining Xining is the Capital (political), capital and most populous city of Qinghai province in western China and the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau. As of the 2020 census, it had 2,467,965 inhabitants (2,208,708 as of 2010), of whom 1,954,795 l ...

Natural Resources Comprehensive Research Center. * The 8th Gold Detachment was renamed to the China Geological Survey

Ürümqi Ürümqi, , is the capital of the Xinjiang, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwestern China. With a census population of 4 million in 2020, Ürümqi is the second-largest city in China's northwestern interior after Xi'an, also the ...

Natural Resources Comprehensive Research Center. * The 9th Gold Detachment was renamed to the China Geological Survey

Haikou Haikou; Chinese postal romanization, formerly romanized as Hoihow is the capital city, capital and most populous city of the Chinese province of Hainan. Haikou city is situated on the northern coast of Hainan, by the mouth of the Nandu River. ...

Marine Geology Marine geology or geological oceanography is the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geophysical, Geochemistry, geochemical, Sedimentology, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and ...

Research Center * The 10th Gold Detachment was renamed to the China Geological Survey

Kunming Kunming is the capital and largest city of the province of Yunnan in China. The political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province, Kunming is also the seat of the provincial government. During World War II, Kunming was a Ch ...

Natural Resources Comprehensive Research Center. * The 11th Gold Detachment was renamed to the China Geological Survey

Changsha Changsha is the capital of Hunan, China. It is the 15th most populous city in China with a population of 10,513,100, the Central China#Cities with urban area over one million in population, third-most populous city in Central China, and the ...

Natural Resources Comprehensive Research Center. * The Research Institute and Training Battalion were renamed to the China Geological Survey Geophysics Research Center in

Hydropower Corps

Prior to the 2018 reforms, the () was a specialist corps of the People's Armed Police. After the 2018 reforms, it was reorganized into the China Anneng Construction Group (中国安能建设集团), a state owned corporation for construction and disaster relief. Prior to 2018, the Hydropower Corps was in charge of managing, constructing and providing law enforcement to hyrdropower facilities along with flood management.

History

In Summer 1950, due to the

Huai River The Huai River, formerly romanized as the Hwai, is a major river in East China, about long with a drainage area of . It is located about midway between the Yellow River and Yangtze River, the two longest rivers and largest drainage basins ...

flooding,

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; traditionally Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Mao Tse-tung. (26December 18939September 1976) was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in ...

and

Zhou Enlai Zhou Enlai ( zh, s=周恩来, p=Zhōu Ēnlái, w=Chou1 Ên1-lai2; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from September 1954 unti ...

laid plans to deploy military forces for flood disaster relief. On February 8, 1952, the East China Field Army's 90th Division was recalled from Northeast China (where it was originally meant to participate in the Korean war) and reorganized into the 1st and 2nd hydraulic engineering divisions, and deployed to conduct flood management. In Spring of 1955, the 1st and 2nd hydraulic engineering divisions were disbanded, with its personnel becoming civilian engineers. Due to local civilian engineers having lower efficiency, on March 30, 1966, this was reported to Mao who established the 4th Column re-organization office to prepare for re-mobilizing troops for the purpose of flood management. On August 1, 1966, in Yingxiuwan Damn (映秀湾水电站),

Wenchuan County Wenchuan County is a County (People's Republic of China), county in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China. The county has an area of , and a population of 100,771 as of 2010. Wolong National Nature Reserve is a protected ...

the 61st Detachment was established. On August 22, 1978, the 63rd Detachment was established to construct the in

Wan'an County Wan'an County () is a county in the southwest of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Ji'an Ji'an ( zh, c=吉安 , p=Jí'ān) is a prefecture-level city situated in the cent ...

. The 63rd Detachment contained 6 battalions, with its first commander being Chen Shuguang, a Chinese Civil War veteran. On August 19, 1982, the Basic Engineering Corps was disbanded; Personnel of the Hydropower units of the Basic engineering corps became PAP personnel on January 1, 1985, and in February 1999 the Hydropower corps went under the command of the People's Armed Police. On July 1, 2009, the Hydropower Corps officially became part of China's emergency management system as a disaster relief agency. The 3rd Hyrdopower Deteachment's Search and Rescue Company was established in August 2013 and was the elite unit of the Hydropower Corps dedicated to

Urban Search and Rescue Urban search and rescue (abbreviated as USAR or US&R) is a type of technical rescue operation that involves the location, extrication, and initial medical stabilization of victims trapped in an urban area, namely structural collapse due to natu ...

. Throughout its history, the Hydropower corps has been involved in the construction of over 50 hydropower projects, including the

Three Gorges Dam The Three Gorges Dam (), officially known as Yangtze River Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project () is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, central China, downs ...

, and

Longtan Dam Longtan Dam () is a large roller-compacted concrete (RCC) gravity dam on the Hongshui River in Tian'e County of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, a tributary of the Xi River and the Pearl River. The dam is high and long; it is the ...

, along with providing aid and rescue to many disasters, such as the 2014 Ludian earthquake and 2015 Shenzhen landslide. The Hydropower corps was deployed for search and rescue after the 2013 Qingdao oil pipeline explosion. After the 2014 Ludian earthquake, the 1st Hydropower Corps deployed 263 personnel to conduct an emergency demolition operation of Changhai Dam, which after the earthquake had huge risk of a

dam failure A dam failure or dam burst is a catastrophic type of structural failure characterized by the sudden, rapid, and uncontrolled release of impounded water or the likelihood of such an uncontrolled release. Between the years 2000 and 2009 more than ...

. The Hydropower corps was officially disbanded on August 30, 2018, and was handed over to the China Anneng Construction Group in April 2019.

Organization (1982-2018)

* 1st Hydropower Corps - Formerly the Basic Engineering Corps 61st Detachment; Headquarters in

Nanning Nanning; is the capital of the Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in South China, southern China. It is known as the "Green City (绿城) " because of its abundance of lush subtropical foliage. Located in the South of Guangxi, Nanning ...

** 1st Hydropower Detachment ** 2nd Hydropower Detachment ** 3rd Hyrdopower Detachment *** Search and rescue company ** 4th Hydropower Detachment ** 5th Hydropower Detachment * 2nd Hydropower Corps - Formerly the Basic Engineering Corps 63rd Detachment ** 7th Hydropower Detachment ** 8th Hydropower Detachment ** 9th Hydropower Detachment * 3rd Hydropower Corps ** 10th Hydropower Detachment ** 12th Hydropower Detachment

Post reform organizations

* The 1st Hydropower Corps was converted into the China Anneng Construction Group's 1st Engineering Bureau (Headquartered in

) on November 19, 2019. * The 2nd Hydropower Corps was converted into the China Anneng Construction Group's 2nd Engineering Bureau (Headquartered in

Nanchang Nanchang is the capital of Jiangxi, China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strate ...

) on November 14, 2019. * The 3rd Hydropower Corps was converted into the China Anneng Construction Group's 3rd Engineering Bureau (Headquartered in

) on November 12, 2019. It has branches in Wuhan and Chongqing.

China Coast Guard

The Chinese People's Armed Police Force Coast Guard Bureau, also abbreviated as

China Coast Guard The China Coast Guard (CCG) () is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the People's Armed Police (PAP) of China. The Coast Guard is an armed gendarmerie force (of corps grade), and its cutters are ...

is the agency for maritime search and rescue and law enforcement in the territorial waters of the

. The China Coast Guard was formerly the maritime branch of the People's Armed Police (PAP) Border Security Force under the

until 2013. In March 2013, China announced it would form a unified Coast Guard commanded by the

. This renewed Coast Guard has been in operation since July 2013. As of July 1, 2018, the

was transferred from civilian control of the State Council and the

, to the People's Armed Police, ultimately placing it under the command of the Central Military Commission (CMC). According to Joel Wuthnow, the Coast Guard Command within the People's Armed Police possibly is of Corps Leader Grade, led by a Commandant who is usually holding Major General (Rear Admiral) rank. In June 2018, China Coast Guard was granted maritime rights and law enforcement akin civilian law enforcement agencies in order to carry out contrast of illegal activities, keep peace and order, as well as safeguarding security at sea, when performing duties related to the use of marine resources, protection of marine environment, regulation of fishery, and anti-smuggling.

Special Operations units

The People's Armed Police maintains several Special Operations Units, also known by Western sources as "Special Police units". They were established in Beijing in early 1980s and in 1983 the first of them was transferred to the People's Armed Police as the People's Armed Police Special Police Group. In 1985 the Group became People's Armed Police Special Police School and, in 2002, it became the People's Armed Police Special Police Academy. In 2002, the Snow Wolf Commando Unit, since 2007 Snow Leopard Commando Unit, was established in Beijing as the second special police unit. According to Joel Wuthnow, the Snow Leopard Commando Unit was moved from the Beijing Corps to the 2nd Mobile Corps in 2018. The special operations units are tasked to carry out counter terrorism missions, riot control, anti-hijacking and bomb disposal. Local special operations units receive Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) training, fast roping, counterinsurgency tactics, along with training in

hostage rescue A hostage is a person seized by an abductor in order to compel another party, one which places a high value on the liberty, well-being and safety of the person seized—such as a relative, employer, law enforcement, or government—to act, o ...

and hostage negotiation.

Organization

Special Police Units/Special operations units are organized and placed at the Municipal and Provincial level. In addition, the 1st and 2nd Mobile Corps maintain a total of 5 Special Operations Detachments. Municipal detachments each have their own Special Operations Company. Each provincial corps ( zh, s=总队, p=Zǒngduì) establishes and maintains a special operations detachment as part of its own territorial organization. The provincial special operations detachment of the is the Mountain Eagle Commando Unit. In some provincial corps, the special operations unit is company sized and is placed under the mobile detachment. The Mobile Detachment's 1st Special Operations Company is known as the "Sky Sword" unit (). It can trace it's lineage back to the 7th Company, 3rd Battalion of the 28th Group Army's 84th Infantry Division's 251st Regiment which was involved in the Battle of Jinan and the Huaihai campaign. In its entire history, it was deployed to approximately 50 law enforcement/disaster relief operations, won gold or silver in 100+ competitions and was awarded first class meritorious service medals 1 time, 2nd class meritorious service medals 5 times and 3rd class meritorious service medals 12 times. The Shenzhen Detachment's Special Operations Company is known as the "Wild Wolf" unit (). It was founded in 2005 and given the name in 2008. Wild Wolf patch set

Mobile units

* 1st Special Operations Detachment, 1st Mobile Corps (, stationed in Beijing) * 2nd Special Operations Detachment, 1st Mobile Corps ( Overseas Guards Special Operations Detachment, stationed in Tianjin) * 3rd Special Operations Detachment, 1st Mobile Corps (stationed in

) * 1st Special Operations Detachment,

(

, stationed in

) * 2nd Special Operations Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps (stationed in

)

Border Defense Corps Special Operations units

In April 2012, the Xinjiang Border Defense Corps Female Special Service team (新疆公安边防总队女子特勤分队) was founded. In March 2015 it was renamed to the "Snowy Eagle Female Special Service team" (雪鹰女子特勤分队) at the Xinjiang Border Corps Training Base. At its founding in 2012, it only had 6 members, and by March 2015 it had 34 members. It assisted in security at the China Eurasia Expo multiple times. The

Shenzhen Shenzhen is a prefecture-level city in the province of Guangdong, China. A Special economic zones of China, special economic zone, it is located on the east bank of the Pearl River (China), Pearl River estuary on the central coast of Guangdong ...

Border Defense Detachment operated the (Nicknamed "Maritime

Jiaolong ''Jiaolong'' () or ''jiao'' (''chiao'', ''kiao'') is a dragon in Chinese mythology, often defined as a "scaled dragon"; it is hornless according to certain scholars and said to be aquatic or river-dwelling. It may have referred to a species of cr ...

s"), a

police tactical unit A police tactical unit (PTU) is a specialized police unit trained and equipped to handle situations that are beyond the capabilities of ordinary law enforcement units because of the level of violence (or risk of violence) involved. The tasks of a ...

which is dedicated to maritime anti-terrorism, search and rescue, combat diving and VBSS.

Communications

Using the national information infrastructure, the PAP has established a preliminary system of three-level integrated information networks, linking general headquarters with the grass-roots squadrons.

Equipment

In response to the needs of the People's Armed Police, the service provides for the use of many types of weapons. Special Operation Forces of People's Armed Police uses various kind of weapons according to necessity of missions. In addition, the People's Armed Police makes use of remotely-controlled technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles, advanced surveillance technology and bomb disposal robots, as well as intelligent unmanned systems. K9s and

ballistic shield A ballistic shield, also called a tactical shield or bulletproof shield, is a protection device deployed by police, paramilitary, paramilitaries, and military, armed forces that are designed to stop or deflect bullets and other projectiles fired a ...

s are also used. Drones and Mini UGVs are often used for recon.

Vehicles

People's Armed police vehicles can be identified with their

Vehicle registration plates A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British English, British, Indian English , Indian and Australian English), license plate (American English) or licence plate (Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached t ...

which start with WJ. * NJ2046 armored van * Dongfeng EQ2102 truck (Also used by China Fire Services) *

FAW Jiefang FAW Jiefang is a truck manufacturing company headquartered in Changchun, Jilin, China, and a wholly owned subsidiary of FAW Group. It is the largest manufacturer of heavy trucks in China. FAW Jiefang was established in 2003 and has more than 22 ...

trucks * Dongfeng EQ2050 light utility vehicle * ZSL-92A Armored Personnel Carrier * CSK-181 Infantry mobility vehicle * CSZ-181 Infantry mobility vehicle - Used by

* Iveco power daily patrol van *

Ford Transit The Ford Transit is a family of light commercial vehicles manufactured by the Ford Motor Company since 1965, primarily as a panel van, cargo van, but also available in other configurations including a large passenger van (marketed as the Ford ...

police van(sometimes unmarked) * Roewe W5 police car * Unmarked

Mitsubishi Pajero The Further information on the Mitsubishi P ...

police car * Unmarked

Toyota Land Cruiser The , also sometimes spelt as LandCruiser, is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. It is Toyota's longest running series of models. , the sales of the Land Cruiser totalled more than 1 ...

police car * Unmarked

Toyota Coaster The is a single-decker minibus produced by Toyota Motor Corporation. It was introduced in 1969, with the second generation introduced in 1982, followed by the third generation in 1992 and the fourth generation in late 2016. In Japan, the Coa ...

minibus * Foton Toano

military ambulance An ambulance is a Medical device, medically-equipped vehicle used to transport patients to Health facility, treatment facilities, such as hospitals. Typically, out-of-hospital medical care is provided to the patient during the transport. Ambu ...

* Excavators * Bulldozers * Armoured vehicle-launched bridge, Bridge-laying vehicle * Hyundai Trago dump truck * Loader (equipment), Wheel loaders

Vessels

The PAP Ganzhou Detachment have been seen with speedboats for search and rescue during floods. The Snow Leopard Commando Unit also uses speedboats when raiding terrorist hideouts in islands.

Helicopters

* Harbin Z-20 - Used by and

* Changhe Z-8 - Used by and (defunct; 8 operated; handed over to National Fire and Rescue Administration) * Harbin Z-9 - Used by since September 2015 * Mil Mi-17 File:PAP MTW WJN22645@2.jpg, Guangdong Corps People's Armed Police Shenzhen Detachment, Shenzhen Detachment Iveco Power Daily police van File:Chinese wheeled APC (2008).jpg, WZ-551 armored personnel carrier File:Beijing - police truck at entrance to Tiananmen Square pic01.jpg, Beijing Corps NJ2045/2046, NJ2045 patrol van near Tiananmen,

File:PAPunmarked.png, An Unmarked police car, unmarked Sichuan Corps

Mitsubishi Pajero The Further information on the Mitsubishi P ...

in the Sanxingdui Museum parking lot. File:CSK181.jpg, A Sichuan Corps CSK-181 near Sichuan Science and Technology Museum File:A PAP RTW WJN21340@1.jpg, Guangdong Corps Foton Toano Ambulance File:China Expressway G4 -03.jpg, Guangdong Corps unmarked

(right) File:PAP MTW WJN21580.jpg, Guangdong Corps unmarked

File:PAP MTW WJN22888@2.jpg, Guangdong Corps

File:PAP MTW WJ京73061@1.jpg, Beijing Corps unmarked

File:PAP sMKW WJ京11082.jpg, Beijing Corps

truck File:PAP sMKW WJN21563.jpg, Guangdong Corps Dongfeng EQ2102 File:PAP StW WJ苏20051.jpg, Jiangsu Corps Roewe W5

Retired Equipment

Helicopters

* Avicopter AC313 - used by - transferred to

when the Forestry Corps was disbanded and transferred to the China Fire and Rescue; 10 ordered

Vehicles

* Type 63 (armoured personnel carrier), YD801 firefighting vehicle- Seen in use with defunct * All-terrain vehicle, All terrain vehicle - seen in use with defunct File:CAPF Changhe Z-8AWJS AN2706939.jpg, Forestry Corps Changhe Z-8WJS File:武警水电部队的挖掘机正在登上漕渡门桥去堰塞体排险.jpg, Hydropower corps Excavators providing aid after the 2014 Ludian earthquake

Line of duty deaths

Ranks and insignia

Due to its history with the PLA, the PAP has a similar rank structure to the PLA and also obeys its regulations. PAP guards are also recruited at the same time and through the same procedures as PLA soldiers. However, the PAP has its own education and training system separate from the PLA. Like the PLA, the PAP also celebrates Army Day on August 1 of every year, and enjoys the same services as the PLA.

Officers

Non-commissioned officers and enlisted

Historical rank systems

Type 55 PSF-PLA uniform

;Officers ;Non-commissioned officers and enlisted

Type 88 PAP

;Officers ;Non-commissioned officers and enlisted

Notes

References

External links

* {{China topics People's Armed Police, Military of the People's Republic of China Military units and formations established in 1982 Gendarmerie, China Paramilitary organizations based in China Paramilitary police

History

People's Public Security Force

People's Armed Police Force

2017–2018 Reform

Organizational changes

Chronology

Mission and operations

International operations

Comparisons to foreign agencies

Headquarters and organization

Training

People's Armed Police Academy

People's Armed Police Logistics Academy

Mobile corps

1st Mobile Corps

2nd Mobile Corps

Internal security forces

List of provincial corps

Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces

Border Defense Corps

Guard Corps

China Fire Services

Transportation units

History

Organization (Pre-2018)

Organization (Post-2018)

Controversy

Forestry Corps

History

Gold Corps

History

Organization

2020 Reforms

Hydropower Corps

History

Organization (1982-2018)

Post reform organizations

China Coast Guard

Special Operations units

Organization

Mobile units

Border Defense Corps Special Operations units

Communications

Equipment

Vehicles

Vessels

Helicopters

Retired Equipment

Helicopters

Vehicles

Line of duty deaths

Ranks and insignia

Officers

Non-commissioned officers and enlisted

Historical rank systems

Type 55 PSF-PLA uniform

Type 88 PAP

See also

Notes

References

External links