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Chinatown is a neighborhood in
Downtown Los Angeles Downtown Los Angeles (DTLA) is the central business district of the city of Los Angeles. It is part of the Central Los Angeles region and covers a area. As of 2020, it contains over 500,000 jobs and has a population of roughly 85,000 residents ...
, California, that became a commercial center for Chinese and other Asian businesses in Central Los Angeles in 1938. The area includes restaurants, shops, and art galleries, but also has a residential
neighborhood A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neigh ...
with a low-income, aging population of about 7,800 residents. The original Chinatown developed in the late 19th century, and was demolished to make room for
Union Station A union station, union terminal, joint station, or joint-use station is a railway station at which the tracks and facilities are shared by two or more separate railway company, railway companies, allowing passengers to connect conveniently bet ...
, the city's major ground-transportation center. This neighborhood and commercial center, referred to as "New Chinatown," opened for business in 1938. __TOC__


Geography and climate

According to Community Redevelopment Agency of the City of Los Angeles (CRA/LA), borders of (the current) Chinatown neighborhood are:
"Chinatown," Mapping L.A., ''Los Angeles Times''
''The Thomas Guide, Los Angeles County'' 2006, page 634 *on the north: Stadium Way and
Dodger Stadium Dodger Stadium is a ballpark in the Elysian Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. It is the home of the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Opened in 1962, it was constructed in less than three years at a ...
/ Chavez Ravine, which the L.A. Times includes as part of the Elysian Park neighborhood; **in addition, there is a northern sliver along North Broadway between Radio Hill Gardens on the northwest and Los Angeles State Historic Park on the southeast * to the west and northwest, Beaudry and Figueroa streets and the greater Echo Park neighborhood * on the east, ** according to CRA/LA: North Main Street, Los Angeles State Historic Park and industrial areas along the west bank of the
Los Angeles River The Los Angeles River (), historically known as by the Tongva and the by the Spanish, is a major river in Los Angeles County, California. Its headwaters are in the Simi Hills and Santa Susana Mountains, and it flows nearly from Canoga Park ...
** according to the L.A. Times: the Los Angeles River and Lincoln Heights neighborhood * on the south, Cesar Chavez Avenue and the
Civic Center A civic center or civic centre is a prominent land area within a community that is constructed to be its focal point or center. It usually contains of one or more dominant public buildings, which may also include a government building. Recently, ...
and Los Angeles Plaza historic districts of
Downtown Los Angeles Downtown Los Angeles (DTLA) is the central business district of the city of Los Angeles. It is part of the Central Los Angeles region and covers a area. As of 2020, it contains over 500,000 jobs and has a population of roughly 85,000 residents ...


History

Chinatown can refer to one of three locations near downtown Los Angeles. What is now known as ''Old Chinatown'' refers to the original location on Alameda and Macy (1880s–1933). Old Chinatown was displaced by the construction of Union Station, and two competing Chinatowns were built in the late 1930s north of Old Chinatown to replace it: ''China City'' (1938–1948) and ''New Chinatown'' (1938–present). China City was rebuilt just one year after opening due to a suspicious fire, but another fire in 1948 put it out of business for good.


Old Chinatown


China City

China City was a short-lived China-themed district developed by Christine Sterling in 1938.


Little Italy

The neighborhood that has become Chinatown was formerly Sonoratown and then
Little Italy Little Italy is the catch-all name for an ethnic enclave populated primarily by Italians or people of Italian ancestry, usually in an Urban area, urban neighborhood. The concept of "Little Italy" holds many different aspects of the Italian cul ...
. In the early 20th century, Italian immigrants settled in the area north of the Old Plaza. Many built businesses, including wineries ( San Antonio Winery is still in existence). The Italian American Museum of Los Angeles in the El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument opened in 2016.


New Chinatown

In the 1930s, under the efforts of Chinese-American community leader Peter Soo Hoo Sr., the design and operational concepts for a New Chinatown evolved through a collective community process, resulting in a blend of Chinese and American architecture. The neighborhood saw major development, especially as a
tourist attraction A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement. Types Places of natural beaut ...
, throughout the 1930s, with the development of the "Central Plaza," a Hollywoodized version of
Shanghai Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ...
, containing names such as ''Bamboo Lane'', ''Gin Ling Way'' and '' Chung King Road'' (named after the city of
Chongqing ChongqingPostal Romanization, Previously romanized as Chungking ();. is a direct-administered municipality in Southwestern China. Chongqing is one of the four direct-administered municipalities under the State Council of the People's Republi ...
in
mainland China "Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a Geopolitics, geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addit ...
). Chinatown was designed by Hollywood film set designers, and a "Chinese" movie prop was subsequently donated by film director Cecil B. DeMille to give Chinatown an exotic atmosphere. File:Tyrus_Wong_Mural.jpg, The dragon mural painted by Tyrus Wong and restored by Fu Ding Cheng (1984) File:China_Town_main_plaza.JPG, New Chinatown main plaza - Dec 2011 File:WishingWell.jpg, Wishing Well, 2001 File:Sun_Yat-sen_Los_Angeles.jpg,
Statue A statue is a free-standing sculpture in which the realistic, full-length figures of persons or animals are carved or Casting (metalworking), cast in a durable material such as wood, metal or stone. Typical statues are life-sized or close to ...
of
Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-senUsually known as Sun Zhongshan () in Chinese; also known by Names of Sun Yat-sen, several other names. (; 12 November 186612 March 1925) was a Chinese physician, revolutionary, statesman, and political philosopher who founded the Republ ...
The Hop Sing Tong Society is situated in Central Plaza, as are several other Chinatown lodges and guilds. Near Broadway, Central Plaza contains a
statue A statue is a free-standing sculpture in which the realistic, full-length figures of persons or animals are carved or Casting (metalworking), cast in a durable material such as wood, metal or stone. Typical statues are life-sized or close to ...
honoring Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Chinese revolutionary leader who is considered the "founder of modern China". It was erected in the 1960s by the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. A 7-foot tall statue of martial artist Bruce Lee was unveiled at Central Plaza on June 15, 2013.Frank Shyong, (June 16, 2013
Bruce Lee statue unveiled in L.A.'s Chinatown
''Los Angeles Times''
During the 1980s, many buildings were constructed for new shopping centers and mini-malls, especially along Broadway. Metro Plaza Hotel was opened in the southwest corner of Chinatown in the early 1990s. A large Chinese gateway is found at the intersection of Broadway and Cesar Chavez Avenue, funded by the local Teochew-speaking population. In 1996, Academy Award-winning (for '' The Killing Fields'' in 1985)
Cambodia Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline ...
n refugee, physician and actor, Haing S. Ngor, was shot and killed in the Chinatown residential area in a bungled robbery attempt by members of an Asian gang. By 2000 many people had left the Chinatown for the City of Monterey Park, which is a part of the larger Chinese community in the San Gabriel Valley. In 2000 '' AsianWeek'' said that the Los Angeles Chinatown was "troubled."''AsianWeek" Staff and ''Associated Press''.
Philadelphia Chinatown Wins Stadium Fight
. ''AsianWeek''. November 24–30, 2000. Retrieved on November 8, 2011.''
On June 28, 2008, a celebration of the 1938 founding of New Chinatown was held with the L.A. Chinatown 70th Anniversary Party. "Though lacking the hustle and bustle of
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
's Chinatown, Los Angeles' version has charms of its own."


Revitalization with new development

The 2010s and 2020s have seen the completion of several large mixed-use and multifamily residential buildings like other neighborhoods in and around Downtown Los Angeles. Activists and city council members were concerned about rising rents and displacement of long time residents, many of them low-income as these revitalization projects were approved. City officials and housing activists have debated how much affordable housing should be included amidst the market rate apartments and condominiums. Since 2019, the neighborhood has lacked a centrally located grocery store with a large selection, affordable prices and consistently high quality that opens early and closes late.


Demographics

The 2020 U.S. census counted 7,798 residents, with a population density of 19,230 per square mile. The ethnic breakdown in 2010: Asian, 68.8%; Latino, 14.7%; blacks, 6.7%; whites, 8.7%; mixed race, 0.8%; and others, 2.3%. The median household income in 2010 dollars ($29,000), was the third-lowest in
Los Angeles County Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles and sometimes abbreviated as LA County, is the most populous county in the United States, with 9,663,345 residents estimated in 2023. Its population is greater than that of 40 individua ...
, preceded by
Watts Watts is plural for ''watt'', the unit of power. Watts may also refer to: People *Watts (surname), a list of people with the surname Watts Fictional characters *Albie Watts, a fictional character in the British soap opera ''EastEnders'' *Angie ...
($28,200) and
Downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district ( ...
($24,300). The percentage of households earning $20,000 or less (53.6%) was the third-largest in Los Angeles County, preceded by Downtown (57.4%) and University Park (56.6%). The average household size of 2.8 people was just about the city norm. Renters occupied 91% of the housing units, and home- or apartment owners the rest.


Economy


Retail

Small, specialized grocery stores are important to the aging population but few remain as
gentrification Gentrification is the process whereby the character of a neighborhood changes through the influx of more Wealth, affluent residents (the "gentry") and investment. There is no agreed-upon definition of gentrification. In public discourse, it has ...
impacts the neighborhood. The Chinese-Vietnamese residents own many bazaars. The stores sell products such as soap, toys, clothes, music CDs at low prices. Several restaurants in Chinatown serve mainly Cantonese cuisine but there are also various Asian cuisine restaurants such as Teochew Chinese, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Thai, which reflects the diverse character of Chinatown. Few boba cafes have opened in Chinatown, but a large number are to be found in the Chinese enclaves in the San Gabriel Valley. Dynasty Center, Saigon Plaza, and the Chinatown Phuoc Loc Tho Center feature many Vietnamese-style bazaars with people engaged in bargain shopping for items such as clothing, toys, Chinese-language CDs, pets, household items, funerary products, and so on. Its entrepreneurs are ethnic Chinese from Vietnam. There are over 20 art galleries to see, mostly featuring non-Chinese modern art, with works from up and coming artists in all types of media.


Restaurants

Chinatown is in the process of becoming an entirely new place. Chinatown at the height of popularity was filled with bustling Chinese restaurants that included barbecue delicatessens with glass displays of roast duck and suckling pig and Cantonese seafood restaurants with dim sum. As the action in Chinese cuisine became centered in the San Gabriel Valley, there were also places that offered Vietnamese pho noodle soup and banh mi. As downtown revives, Chinatown has been sparked into life by cheap rents, the gallery boom in the 2000s and deep-rooted sense of community. Chinese bakeries and other shops continue to serve the area.Gold, Jonathan (January 16, 2015
"Chinatown emerging as L.A.'s hottest restaurant destination"
''
Los Angeles Times The ''Los Angeles Times'' is an American Newspaper#Daily, daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California, in 1881. Based in the Greater Los Angeles city of El Segundo, California, El Segundo since 2018, it is the List of new ...
''
Traditional Chinese restaurants that have remained are being joined by a variety of new restaurants as the opportunities Chinatown offers is recognized by additional restaurateurs. The area is better served by transit than many areas with Union Station so close by. Even though low-income seniors remain, college graduates can find their first apartment here and condos are becoming available for the affluent. This economic diversity encourages a diversity of places to serve the area. Two of Chinatown's restaurants highlight the history and diversity of this neighborhood. *
Philippe's Philippe's, or "Philippe the Original" ( ) is a restaurant located in downtown Los Angeles, California. The restaurant is well known for continuously operating since 1908, making it one of the oldest restaurants in Los Angeles. It is also ren ...
has been located on the corner of Alameda Street, at the edge of Chinatown, in the Historical District of Los Angeles since 1951, and is known as one of the creators of the French Dip sandwich. * Little Joe's, demolished in January 2014, had long stood at the corner of Broadway and College Street. It closed in December 1998 due to the expense of retrofitting the building to meet earthquake standards. The interior was left unchanged and it has been used as a filming location.


Parks and recreation

* Los Angeles State Historic Park, also known as the Cornfield, consists of a long open space between Spring Street and the tracks of the Metro A Line. * Alpine Recreation Center, at 817 Yale Street, has a combined and multipurpose room with a capacity of 250. Two indoor gymnasiums have capacities of 450 each. There are also basketball courts (lighted/indoor/outdoor), a children's play area and volleyball courts (lighted).


Nomenclature

The words ''Los Angeles Chinatown'' are written and pronounced as follows as () in
Cantonese Cantonese is the traditional prestige variety of Yue Chinese, a Sinitic language belonging to the Sino-Tibetan language family. It originated in the city of Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton) and its surrounding Pearl River Delta. While th ...
, () in
Mandarin Chinese Mandarin ( ; zh, s=, t=, p=Guānhuà, l=Mandarin (bureaucrat), officials' speech) is the largest branch of the Sinitic languages. Mandarin varieties are spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretch ...
or officially known as ().


Events

Events that have been held or are planned in Los Angeles's Chinatown include: •
Chinese New Year Chinese New Year, or the Spring Festival (see also #Names, § Names), is a festival that celebrates the beginning of a New Year, new year on the traditional lunisolar calendar, lunisolar Chinese calendar. It is one of the most important holi ...
Parade •
Lantern festival The Lantern Festival ( zh, t=wikt:元宵節, 元宵節, s=wikt:元宵节, 元宵节, first=t, hp=Yuánxiāo jié), also called Shangyuan Festival ( zh, t=上元節, s=上元节, first=t, hp=Shàngyuán jié) and Cap Go Meh ( zh, t=十五暝, ...
at the Chinese American Museum • The Firecracker Run and Fun Walk • Mid-autumn Moon FestivalMiss Los Angeles Chinatown Pageant A midnight firecracker display occurs every Chinese New Year's Eve at Thien Hau Temple and Xuan Wu San Buddhist Association.


Education

According to U.S. Census data, 20.2% of Chinatown residents aged 25 and older possessed a four-year degree in 2023. There are three schools operating within Chinatown. They are:
"Chinatown Schools," Mapping L.A., ''Los Angeles Times''
* Endeavor College Preparatory Charter School, middle, 126 Bloom Street * Castelar Street Elementary School, LAUSD, 840 Yale Street; second oldest school in the district * Cathedral High School, a private Catholic boys' school, just down the hill from
Dodger Stadium Dodger Stadium is a ballpark in the Elysian Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. It is the home of the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Opened in 1962, it was constructed in less than three years at a ...
, is located on the north side of Chinatown

* Evans Community Adult School - largest stand-alone English as a Foreign or Second Language, ESL adult school in the nation Los Angeles Public Library operates the Chinatown Branch.


Transportation

Chinatown is served by the A Line of the city's Metro Rail. The station was formerly serviced by the, now defunct, L Line; parts of Old Chinatown were uncovered during excavation for another portion of the L.A. subway (the Red Line connection to Union Station). The Metro Rail station in Chinatown has been described as a spectacular pagoda-themed facility and as a cliché of neo-pagoda architecture by Christopher Hawthorne, the Los Angeles Times architecture critic.


Filming

Chinatown has served as the setting for many Hollywood films. The conclusion of the film '' Chinatown'' was filmed on Spring Street. The movie '' Rush Hour'' was filmed on location in Chinatown. ; Feature films * '' Chinatown'' * '' Rush Hour'' * '' I Love You, Man'' * '' Gangster Squad'' * '' Lethal Weapon 4'' * '' Beverly Hills Ninja'' * '' Strange Days'' * '' Hard to Kill'' * '' Balls of Fury'' * '' 15 Minutes''


Notable people

* Cayetano Apablasa (1847–1889), 19th Century property owner * Helen Liu Fong (1927-2009), architect * You Chung Hong (1898–1977), attorney, community leader * Milton Quon, animator, artist and actor *
Bruce Lee Bruce Lee (born Lee Jun-fan; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973) was an American-born Hong Kong martial artist, actor, filmmaker, and philosopher. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy which was formed from ...
(1940 – 1973), actor, whose statue is located at Central Plaza * Haing S. Ngor (1940–1996), actor * Yiu Hai Seto Quon (1899–1999), "Mama Quon," chef at Quon Bros. Grand Star Restaurant *
Lisa See Lisa See (born 18 February 1955) is an American writer and novelist. Her books include '' On Gold Mountain: The One-Hundred-Year Odyssey of My Chinese-American Family'' (1995), a detailed account of See's family history, and the novels '' Flower ...
, author * Otto G. Weyse (ca. 1858–1893), liquor and wine dealer, member of the Los Angeles Common Council
Location of the Weyse residence on ''Mapping L.A.''
* Tyrus Wong (1910–2016), artist * Wilbur Woo (1915-2012), businessman and leader in the Chinese-American community


See also

* Thien Hau Temple (天后宮) located in Los Angeles's Chinatown * Chinese American Museum * Chinese Historical Society of Southern California * List of Chinatowns *
List of districts and neighborhoods of Los Angeles This is a list of notable districts and neighborhoods within the city of Los Angeles in the U.S. state of California, present and past. It includes residential and commercial industrial areas, historic preservation zones, and business-improvemen ...
* Sonoratown, Los Angeles * Chinese massacre of 1871


References


Sources


''American Chinatown: A People's History of Five Neighborhoods''
Bonnie Tsui, 2009 . * Ki Longfellow, ''China Blues'', Eio Books 2012, . Contains detailed history of Chinese immigration to California and other historical information relating to Chinatown. Also, how the Chinese were treated in California.


External links


Los Angeles Chinese American Museum

Los Angeles Chinatown Firecracker Run

Chinese Historical Society of Southern California (Los Angeles Chinatown)

Chinese Chamber of Commerce of Los Angeles

Los Angeles Chinatown Business Council Official Website
*
KCET KCET (channel 28) is a secondary PBS member television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is owned by the Public Media Group of Southern California alongside the market's primary PBS member, Huntington Beach–licensed KOC ...
Departure
interview with Munson Kwok
Chinatown community leader
Chinatown crime map and statistics

Pictures of Chinatown in 1911
from the UC Berkeley Bancroft Library
Chinatown History Project
- Huntington-USC Institute {{Authority control Little Italys in the United States Italian-American culture in Los Angeles