Chaturbhuj Temple, Gwalior

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Chaturbhuj Temple, or the Temple of Zero is a Hindu temple excavated in a rock face in the Gwalior Fort, in 875 AD, by Alla, the son of Vaillabhatta, and the grandson of Nagarabhatta a nagar brahmin in present-day Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Temple

It is a relative small temple with a square plan of side. The temple has a portico at its entrance supported by four carved pillars. The pillars show reliefs of individuals meditating in yoga asana position, as well as amorous couples. To the right of the portico is covered pillared mandapa, like a choultry. The doorway into the rock is flanked by goddess Ganga and Yamuna. The ceiling of the temple is a low square pyramid, similar to the Dhamnar temple. The tower (Shikhara) of the temple is North Indian Nagara style, that slowly curves with a square plan, all carved out of the monolithic rock. It has an inscription that opens with a praise for Vishnu (Vaishnavism), then Shiva (Shaivism) and nine Durgas (Shaktism), as well states that it was excavated in 876 CE (Samvat 933). Inside there is a wall relief of Varaha (Vishnu's man-boar avatar) and another of four armed Vishnu. It also a carving of the Hindu goddess Lakshmi with four arms. The name of the temple may be derived from four armed Vishnu and Lakshmi.

The temple is partially damaged, and much of the interior artwork is missing, with all the faces removed. Its tower has been restored, and a locked steel double-folding-expanding scissor-link see-through gate was installed.video tour with source texts
from ''Historica Indica'' at YouTube

Earliest "zero"

One of the temples inscriptions contains the earliest known inscription of the circular symbol "O", to represent zero; the earlier Bakhshali manuscript is regarded as the earliest existent use of zero. The inscription states, among other things, that the community planted a garden of 187 hastas by 270 hastas (1 hasta = 1.5 feet), that the garden yielded 50 garlands for the temple every day. The last digits of 270 and 50 are O-shaped. While Indian and non-Indian texts mention zero much earlier, this temple has the earliest known epigraphical evidence inscribed in stone that already knows and uses the concept of zero.

Gallery

File:876 CE monolithic rock Chaturbhuj Hindu Temple Gwalior Fort, Zero Inscription 2.jpg, The temple, tower has been partially restored.
File:876 CE monolithic rock Chaturbhuj Hindu Temple Gwalior Fort, Zero Inscription.jpg, Outer walls of the temple are carved with Hindu deities.
File:876 CE monolithic rock Chaturbhuj Hindu Temple Gwalior Fort, Zero Inscription 3.jpg, Pillar carvings.

Further reading

* Amir Aczel.
Finding Zero: A Mathematician’s Odyssey to Uncover the Origins of Numbers
' Palgrave Macmillan 2015
* Amir Aczel.
Finding Zero
' from ''Talks at Google'' at YouTube 2015

See also

* Bakhshali manuscript, contains "." (dot), the earliest known Indian use of a zero symbol
* Siddhachal Caves
* Telika Mandir

References

External links

You Can Visit the World’s Oldest Zero at a Temple in India
Smithsonian magazine
Indian Zeros
via Mathematical Association of America
All for Nought: Indian Zero
via American Mathematical Society

{{Gwalior topics

Buildings and structures in Gwalior
Hindu temples in Madhya Pradesh
Tourist attractions in Gwalior