Chapra, Nadia (Community Development Block)
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Chapra is a
community development block In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of District, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). T ...
that forms an administrative division in
Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision is an administrative subdivision of Nadia district in the state of West Bengal, India. Overview Nadia district is part of the large alluvial plain formed by the Ganges-Bhagirathi system. The plains spread southward ...
of
Nadia district Nadia () is a district in the state of West Bengal, India. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north. Nadia district is highly influe ...
in the
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
n
state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
of
West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
.


Geography

Located at , Chapra CD Block is bounded by Tehatta I CD Block in the north,
Damurhuda Upazila Damurhuda () is an upazila of Chuadanga District in the Division of Khulna, Bangladesh. Damurhuda Thana was turned into an upazila in 1983. Geography Damurhuda is located at . It has 69,836 households and a total area of . Dumurhuda Upazila is bo ...
in
Chuadanga District Chuadanga District () is a district in south western Bangladesh, specifically Khulna Division, Bangladesh. It is bordered by the States and union territories of India, Indian state of West Bengal to the west, Meherpur District, Meherpur District ...
of Bangladesh in the east, Krishnaganj and
Krishnanagar I Krishnanagar I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision of Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Bhaluka, a constituent panchayat in this block, is located at . ...
CD Blocks, in the south and
Krishnanagar II Krishnanagar II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision of Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Dhubulia is located at . Krishnanagar II CD Block is bounded ...
and Nakashipara CD Blocks in the west. Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of
Hooghly River The Hooghly River (, also spelled ''Hoogli'' or ''Hugli'') is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the G ...
, locally known as Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature. Chapra CD Block has an area of 305.97 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 13 gram panchayats, 220 (village councils), 84
mouza In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India, a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...
s and 77 inhabited villages. Chapra police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at Chapra. Gram panchayats of blockChapra / panchayat samiti are: Alfa, Bagberia, Brittihuda, Chapra I, Chapra II, Hatisala I, Hatisala II, Hatkhola, Hridaypur, Kalinga, Mahatpur, Maheshpur and Pipragachhi.


Demographics


Population

As per the 2011 Census of India, Chapra CD Block had a total population of 310,652, of which 296,592 were rural and 14,123 were urban. There were 159,736 (51%) males and 150,916 (49%) females. The population below 6 years was 37,953. Scheduled Castes numbered 49,252 (15.85%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 2,027 (0.65%). As per the 2001 census, Chapra block had a total population of 272,284, out of which 140,400 were males and 131,884 were females. Chapra block registered a population growth of 18.79 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 19.51 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. There is only one
census town In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics. India In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...
in Chapra CD Block (2011 census figure in brackets): Chapra (14,123). Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Chapra CD Block were (2011 census figures in brackets): Hatisala (7,547), Mahesnagar (5,985), Bara Andulia (15,012), Sonpukar (4,874), Hridaypur (6,061), Betbaria (6,685), Hatra (7,087), Chhota Andulia (4,477), Bhatgachhi (4,189), Hatkhola (7,164), Sikra (6,359), Dompukur (7,101), Lakshmigachha (6,480), Brittihuda (7,336), Gokhurapota (4,656), Pitambarpur (4,591), Dwipchandrapur (4,769), Bangaljhi (15,448), Balidanga (4,212), Arangsarisha (4,623), Badelangi Padmamala (9,066) and Lakshmipur (4,492). Other villages in Chapra CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Alfa (2,688), Kalinga (892), Pipragachi (3,064), Maheshpur (2,062) and Bagberia (3,138).


Literacy

As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Chapra CD Block was 186,199 (68.28% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 98,706 (70.30% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 87,493 (66.13% of the female population over 6 years). The
gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex chromosome#Sex determination, Sex determination generally occurs by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. ''phenot ...
(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 4.17%. See also –
List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of West Bengal ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 96.26% (male 90.69% and female 96.54%), above the national average of 90.04%, as per the 2011 C ...


Language and religion

In the 2011 census, Muslims numbered 185,506 and formed 59.72% of the population in Chapra CD Block. Hindus numbered 115,396 and formed 37.15% of the population. Christians numbered 9,467 and formed 3.05% of the population. Others numbered 283 and formed 0.08% of the population. In the 2001 census, Muslims numbered 156,727 and formed 57.56% of the population of Chapra CD Block. Hindus numbered 106,413 and formed 39.08% of the population. In the 1991 census, Muslims numbered 152,072 and formed 66.34% of the population. Hindus numbered 68,347 and formed 29.82% of the population of Chapra CD Block.
Chapra Christ Church Chapra Christ Church commonly known as Chapra Church is one of the oldest Christian church in Nadia district. It is situated in Bangaljhi, Chapra in the Indian state of West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. ...
was established by Missionary society in 1840. It was one of the oldest church of Nadia.
Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
is the predominant language, spoken by 98.97% of the population.


Rural poverty

The District
Human Development Report The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual Human Development Index report published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The first HDR was launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Ma ...
for Nadia has provided a CD Block-wise data table for Modified Human Vulnerability Index of the district. Chapra CD Block registered 39.58 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHVI was estimated at 33.92. A total of 8 out of the 17 CD Blocks in Nadia district were found to be severely deprived when measured against the CD Block mean MHVI - Karimpur I and Karimpur II (under Tehatta subdivision), Kaliganj, Nakashipara, Chapra, Krishnanagar I and Nabadwip (under Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision) and Santipur (under Ranaghat subdivision) appear to be backward. As per the ''Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal'', the rural poverty ratio in Nadia district was 28.35%. The estimate was based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999–2000.


Economy


Livelihood

In Chapra CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 27.29%, agricultural labourers 47.68%, household industry workers 2.83% and other workers 22.20%. The southern part of Nadia district starting from Krishnanagar I down to Chakdaha and Haringhata has some urban pockets specialising in either manufacturing or service related economic activity and has reflected a comparatively higher concentration of population but the urban population has generally stagnated. Nadia district still has a large chunk of people living in the rural areas.


Infrastructure

There are 77 inhabited villages in Chapra CD Block. 100% villages have power supply and drinking water supply. 23 Villages (29.87%) have post offices. 75 villages (97.40%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 38 villages (49.35%) have a pucca approach road and 50 villages (64.94%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 13 villages (16.88%) have agricultural credit societies and 14 villages (18.18%) have banks. Although 100% villages in Nadia district had power supply in 2011, a survey in 2007-08 revealed that less than 50% of households had electricity connection. In rural areas of the country, the tube well was for many years considered to be the provider of safe drinking water, but with arsenic contamination of ground water claiming public attention it is no longer so. Piped water supply is still a distant dream. In 2007–08, the availability of piped drinking water in Nadia district was as low as 8.6%, well below the state average of around 20%.


Agriculture

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Following
land reforms Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution. Lan ...
land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Chapra CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 6.28%, patta (document) holders 9.25%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 7.87%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 28.62% and agricultural labourers 47.98%. As the proportion of agricultural labourers is very high, the real wage in the agricultural sector has been a matter of concern. Chapra CD Block had 355 fertiliser depots, 34 seed stores and 65 fair price shops in 2013–14. In 2013–14, Chapra CD Block produced 57,747 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 20,658 hectares, 44,098 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 13,744 hectares, 13,212 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 5,384 hectares, 2,205 tonnes of wheat from 871 hectares, 126,190 tonnes of jute from 7,489 hectares and 638 tonnes of potatoes from 25 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Chapra CD Block was 1,370 hectares, out of which 618 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation and 752 hectares by deep tube wells.


Banking

In 2013–14, Chapra CD Block had offices of 8 commercial banks and 4 gramin banks.


Transport

SH 11, running from Mahammad Bazar (in Birbhum district) to Ranaghat (in Nadia district) passes through this CD Block. Chapra is connected with District headquarters by bus.


Education

In 2013–14, Chapra CD Block had 155 primary schools with 17,027 students, 19 middle schools with 3,778 students, 5 high school with 2,434 students and 21 higher secondary schools with 36,085 students. Chapra CD Block had 1 general college with 3,081 students, 2 technical/ professional institutions with 197 students and 440 institutions for special and non-formal education with 19,427 students In Chapra CD Block, amongst the 77 inhabited villages, all villages had primary schools, 54 had more than 1 primary school, 38 had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 18 had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. Chapra Bangaljhi Mahavidyalaya was established at Bangaljhi in 2001. Affiliated to the
University of Kalyani The University of Kalyani, established in 1960, is a Government of West Bengal administered, University Grants Commission (India), UGC affiliated, National Assessment and Accreditation Council, NAAC accredited, collegiate public research unive ...
, it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, geography, political science, philosophy, education and sociology. Hat Chapra King Edward High School is one of the oldest school in the district situated in the block.


Healthcare

In 2014, Chapra CD Block had 1 rural hospital, 2 primary health centres, 1 central government medical institution and 4 private nursing homes with total 78 beds and 6 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 33 family welfare subcentres. 30,435 patients were treated indoor and 318,828 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. Chapra Rural Hospital, with 25 beds at Bangaljhi, is the major government medical facility in the Chapra CD block. There are primary health centres at Hridaypur (with 10 beds) and Bagberia (with 6 beds). Chapra CD Block is one of the areas of Nadia district where ground water is affected by moderate level of arsenic contamination. The
WHO The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has 6 regional offices and 15 ...
guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All the 17 blocks of Nadia district have arsenic contamination above this level. The maximum concentration in Chapra CD Block is 310 mg/litre.


References

{{Nadia topics Community development blocks in Nadia district