Central Kalapuyan was a Kalapuyan language indigenous to the central and southern

Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley ( ) is a valley in Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Willamette River flows the entire length of the valley and is surrounded by mountains on three sides: the Cascade Range to the east, the ...

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

in the

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. It was spoken by various bands of the Kalapuya peoples who inhabited the valley up through the middle of the 19th century. The language is closely related to Northern Kalapuya, spoken in the Tualatin and Yamhill valleys.

Dialects

Dialects of Central Kalapuya that have been identified include: *Ahantchuyuk dialect, spoken in the northeastern Willamette Valley along the

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and Molalla rivers *Santiam dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along the lower Santiam River *Luckiamute dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along the Luckiamute River *Chepenafa dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along Marys River *Chemapho dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along Muddy Creek *Chelamela dialect, spoken in the southwestern Willamette Valley along the Long Tom River *Tsankupi dialect, spoken in the southeastern Willamette Valley along the Calapooia River *Winefelly-Mohawk dialects, spoken in the southeastern Willamette Valley along the McKenzie, Mohawk, and Coast Fork Willamette rivers

Phonology

The phonology of the Santiam dialect, as described by Jacobs (1945) and analyzed by Banks (2007), is listed below. Banks notes that Jacobs' analysis does not rigorously account for allophonic variation, and that, according to Jacobs, there may have been some interchangeability between the velar and uvular series.

Consonants

The nasals and likely had syllabic forms: and . Jacobs possibly notes that the plosives also have voiced allophones, as , , , , , and . Banks also notes that /h/, /hʷ/, /dz/, /dʒ/, and /ɸʷ/ may have been allophones.

Vowels

Santiam Kalapuya had three diphthongs: i u and i Vowel length may have been phonemic, /ɔ/ may have been an allophone of /u/.

References

External links

The Verbal Morphology of Santiam Kalapuya
(Northwest Journal of Linguistics) Kalapuyan languages Indigenous languages of Oregon Indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest Coast Willamette Valley Extinct languages of North America Languages extinct in the 1950s 1954 disestablishments in Oregon Native American history of Oregon {{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub