CD30, also known as TNFRSF8 ( TNF receptor superfamily member 8), is a cell membrane

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...

of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and a

tumor marker A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers (measure progression or response to therapy). They can be found in bodily fluids or tissue. Markers can help with assessing prognosis, s ...

for

anaplastic large cell lymphoma Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) refers to a group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in which aberrant T cells proliferate uncontrollably. Considered as a single entity, ALCL is the most common type of peripheral lymphoma and represents ~10% of all per ...

Function

This receptor is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and

B cell B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system. B cells produce antibody molecules which may be either secreted or inserted into the plasm ...

TRAF2 TNF receptor-associated factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate with, a ...

and

TRAF5 TNF receptor-associated factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF5'' gene. Function The scaffold protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) protein family and co ...

can interact with this receptor, and mediate the signal transduction that leads to the activation of NF-kappaB. It is a positive regulator of

apoptosis Apoptosis (from ) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast. Biochemistry, Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (Morphology (biol ...

, and also has been shown to limit the proliferative potential of autoreactive CD8 effector T cells and protect the body against autoimmunity. Two

alternatively spliced Alternative splicing, alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative RNA splicing, splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants. For example, some exons of a gene ma ...

transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

Clinical significance

CD30 is associated with

. It is expressed in embryonal carcinoma but not in

seminoma A seminoma is a germ cell tumor of the testicle or, more rarely, the mediastinum or other extra-gonadal locations. It is a Malignancy, malignant neoplasm and is one of the most treatable and curable cancers, with a survival rate above 95% if di ...

and is thus a useful marker in distinguishing between these germ cell tumors. CD30 and CD15 are also expressed on Reed-Sternberg cells typical for

Hodgkin's lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, where multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) are present in the lymph nodes. The condition was named a ...

Cancer treatment

CD30 is the target of the FDA approved therapeutic brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris). It is approved for use in: #

Hodgkin lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, where multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) are present in the lymph nodes. The condition was named a ...

(HL) (brentuximab vedotin) after failure of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) # HL in patients who are not ASCT candidates after failure of at least 2 multiagent chemotherapy regimens # Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (s ALCL) after failure of at least 1 multiagent chemotherapy regimen # Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL) or CD30-expressing mycosis fungoides (MF) who have received prior systemic therapy #Various types of CD30-positive T cell lymphomas Brentuximab vedotin is also currently being studied in and recommended for treating: # Various types of CD30-positive B cell lymphomas # CD30-positive cases of the

NK cell Natural killer cells, also known as NK cells, are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. They are a kind of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), and belong to the rapidly expanding family of known innate lymphoid cells ...

lymphoma, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type

Interactions

CD30 has been shown to interact with

, and

References

External links