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Carcar, officially the City of Carcar (; ), is a component city in the
province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
of
Cebu Cebu ( ; ), officially the Province of Cebu (; ), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, and consists of a main island and 167 surrounding islands and islets. The coastal zone of Cebu is identified as a ...
,
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 136,453 people.


History

Before Spanish colonization,Carcar was known as "Kabkad" and it was part of area called "Sialo" which was ruled by the
Sri Lumay Sri Rajahmura Lumaya, known in his shortened name Sri Lumay, was the first Rajah and the founder of the Indianized kingdom of historic polity of Cebu. According to the epic '' Aginid, Bayok sa atong Tawarik'', a Bisayan epic story, Sri Lumay ...
(Rajahmura Lumaya), who had established his kingdom in Cebu Island and ruled from the
Singhapala Singhapala (Baybayin: , , , Old Malay: ''Kota Singapura'') was an ancient fortified city or a region, the capital of the Indianized kingdom of Cebu. The location of this ancient city is what is now the modern Barangay Mabolo in the northern dist ...
(present day Mabolo in north part of
Cebu City Cebu City, officially the City of Cebu, is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 964,169 people, making ...
). Sri Lumay had 4 sons, namely Alho, Ukob, Parang the Limp, and Bantug (father of Rajah Humabon). Sri Alho ruled a land south of Cebu which was known as ''Sialo'', which included Singhapala to Carcar-
Valladolid Valladolid ( ; ) is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and ''de facto'' capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the pr ...
(on the centraleast coast of Cebu Island) and beyond up to Santander (southern end of Cebu Island, 200 km from Mabolo).


Spanish rule

It became a town in 1599. Carcar is considered one of the oldest towns in Cebu, with its Spanish influence lasted more than 300 years ago.


World War II and the Koga papers

In early April 1944, fishermen Pedro Gantuangko and Rufo Wamar, both residents of Carcar, discovered a wooden box floating off the coast of
San Fernando, Cebu San Fernando, officially the Municipality of San Fernando (; ), is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 72,224 people. History The town was established in 1858 following the ...
after they were alerted to the crash of a Japanese plane at sea. Upon retrieving the box from the shore, they discovered a water-soaked portfolio containing various Japanese-language documents, which they dried for the next two days and kept hidden from Japanese authorities. Gantuangko eventually handed over the documents to local guerrillas, with the papers soon reaching Lt. Col. James M. Cushing. Japanese military officers murdered numerous civilians in their persistent search for the documents, with both Gantuangko and Wamar separately fleeing to
Bohol Bohol (), officially the Province of Bohol (; ), is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas Regions of the Philippines, region, consisting of the island itself and 75 minor surrounding islands. It is home to Bohola ...
to hide from authorities. The documents, later named the "Koga papers" after General
Mineichi Koga was a Japanese Marshal Admiral and commander-in-chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy's Combined Fleet. Biography Early life and career Koga was born in the ceramics center of Arita in Nishimatsuura County of Saga Prefecture in 1885. He ente ...
, were picked up by the American submarine USS ''Crevalle'' in
Negros Oriental Negros Oriental (; ), officially the Province of Negros Oriental (; ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Negros Island. Its capital is the city of Dumaguete, one of the two regional centers of Negros Island Region, with the other b ...
and sent to
Brisbane Brisbane ( ; ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the States and territories of Australia, state of Queensland and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia, with a ...
, Australia, where it was discovered by General
Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American general who served as a top commander during World War II and the Korean War, achieving the rank of General of the Army (United States), General of the Army. He served with dis ...
to contain plans called Operation Z that revealed the Japanese' tactics in the Pacific theatre. The papers soon proved crucial to the forming of the Allied plan to liberate the Philippines, pushing the planned Allied invasion of the country to October 1944, two months ahead of schedule.


Cityhood

In July 2007, the municipality of Carcar was converted into a component city of the province of Cebu after ratification of Republic Act 9436. On November 18, 2008,
Supreme Court In most legal jurisdictions, a supreme court, also known as a court of last resort, apex court, high (or final) court of appeal, and court of final appeal, is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...
ruled that the cityhood charters of Carcar and 15 other cities as unconstitutional as a result of a petition filed by the League of Cities of the Philippines. A year later, on December 22, Carcar and 15 other municipalities regained their status as cities again after the court reversed its November 18, 2008, ruling. On August 23, 2010, the court reinstated its ruling on November 18, 2008, causing Carcar and 15 cities to revert to municipalities. Finally on February 15, 2011, Carcar and the other 15 municipalities regained their cityhood status. In 2013, after a six year legal battle, the League of Cities of the Philippines acknowledged and recognized the cityhood of Carcar and 15 other cities on July 19, 2013.


Geography

Carcar City is bordered to the north by the town of San Fernando, to the west are the towns of Barili and Aloguinsan, to the east is the
Cebu Strait Cebu Strait (Tagalog language, Tagalog: ''Kipot ng Cebú''; also Bohol Strait) is a strait in the Central Visayas region in the Philippines. Geography The Cebu Strait (and its 3 channels, the Mactan Channel, Mactan, the Olango Island Group, Ol ...
, and to the south is the town of
Sibonga Sibonga, officially the Municipality of Sibonga (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 53,424 people. Geography S ...
. Carcar is from
Cebu City Cebu City, officially the City of Cebu, is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 964,169 people, making ...
, from Barili, and from Aloguinsan. It has a land area of . Carcar lies on the southernmost part of
Metro Cebu Metropolitan Cebu, or simply Metro Cebu (; ), is the main urban center of the province of Cebu in the Philippines. Metro Cebu is located along the central eastern portion of the island including the nearby island of Mactan. It accounts for 19. ...
area. ;Topography The land is generally level with less than 18% slope comprising 78.7% of the total land area. Areas with slopes ranging from 18 to 50% cover 19.3% of the total land area and those over 50% slope comprise approximately 1.9%. The highest recorded elevation is a little over above sea level, located within the barangay of Napo. ;Soil type The municipality has five dominant soil types namely: Faraon Clay, Steep Phase, the Lugo Clay, the Mandaue clay loam & the Hydrosol type.


Barangays

Carcar is politically subdivided into 15 barangays. Each barangay consists of
purok A ''purok'' () is an informal division within a barangay in the Philippines. While not officially considered a local government unit (LGU), a ''purok'' often serves as a unit for delivering services and administration within a barangay. ''Pur ...
s and some have
sitios A ''sitio'' (Spanish language, Spanish for "site") in the Philippines is a territorial enclave that forms part of a barangay. Typically rural, a ''sitios location is usually far from the center of the barangay itself and could be its own bar ...
.


Climate

The wet season occurs during the months of May to October and the dry season, from January to May.


Demographics


Economy


Tourism

*As a heritage city of Cebu, Carcar contains various Spanish and American period structures. The Carcar plaza alone hosts several heritage structures, the Church of St. Catherine of Alexandria dominates the area. Within the complex various structures stand, including quaint houses and their distinctive architectural details. *Surrounding the Rotunda and in the public market one will find the famous Carcar '' chicharon, lechon, ampao, bucarillo, gorgorias and puso'' – just some of the local delicacies. * Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park *Heritage Houses such as the Mercado Mansion *Tuyom Beach – Beach Houses *The Kabkaban Festival, which is the town's local festival in honor of St. Catherine of Alexandria. The name of the festival comes from the old name of the town, which was taken from the local term for the Oakleaf Fern ( Aglaomorpha quercifolia) which is abundant in the town, even to this day. Celebrated from the November 23 to 25, it highlights the rich culture, faith, and musical history of Carcar.


Education

The public schools in Carcar are administered by th
Schools Division of Carcar City


Elementary schools

*Bolinawan Elementary School — Bolinawan *Buenavista Elementary School — Buenavista *Calidngan Elementary School — Calidngan *Canal Elementary School — Sitio Canal, Bolinawan *Can-asujan Elementary School — Can-asujan *Cara-atan Elementary School — Sitio Cara-atan, Buenavista *Carcar Central Elementary School — P. Nellas Street, Poblacion III *Guadalupe Elementary School — Guadalupe *Hunob Elementary School — Sitio Hunob, Guadalupe *Kalangyawon Elementary School — Sitio Kalangyawon, Napo *Kamanggahan Elementary School — Sitio Kamanggahan, Guadalupe *Kayam Elementary School — Sitio Kayam, Napo *Liburon Elementary School — Liburon *Lunas Elementary School — Sitio Lunas, Calidngan *Mainit Elementary School — Sitio Mainit, Guadalupe *Manghupi Elementary School — Sitio Manghupi, Can-asujan *Maximina V. Barangan Elementary School — Poblacion I *Moag Elementary School — Sitio Moag, Guadalupe *Napo Elementary School — Napo *Ocaña Central Elementary School — Ocaña *Perrelos Elementary School — Perrelos *Pit-os Elementary School — Sitio Pit-os, Calidngan *Sa-ay Elementary School — Sitio Saay, Can-asujan *Tagaytay Elementary School — Sitio Tagaytay, Can-asujan *Tal-ot Elementary School — Sitio Tal-ut, Valencia *Tapal Elementary School — Sitio Tapal, Guadalupe *Tawog Elementary School — Sitio Tawog, Valladolid *Tuyom Elementary School — Tuyom *Upland Elementary School — Poblacion I *Valencia Elementary School — Valencia *Valladolid Elementary School — Valladolid


High schools

*Can-asujan National High School — Can-asujan *Carcar Central National High School — P. Nellas Street, Poblacion III *Gelacio C. Babao, Sr. Memorial National High School — Valladolid *Kalangyawon National High School — Sitio Kalangyawon, Napo *Liburon National High School — Liburon *Maximino Noel Memorial National High School — Guadalupe *Ocaña National High School — Ocaña *Perrelos National High School — Perrelos *Pit-os National High School — Sitio Pit-os, Calidngan *Roberto E. Sato Memorial National High School — Calidngan *Tal-ut National High School — Sitio Tal-ut, Valencia *Tuyom National High School — Tuyom *Tuyom Senior High School — Tuyom *Valencia National Vocational High School — Valencia


Integrated schools

*Puesto Integrated School — Sitio Puesto, Napo *Sacsac Integrated School — Sacsac, Calidngan, Carcar City


Colleges

*Carcar City College — P. Vasquez St., Poblacion I Carcar City *Saint Catherine College - Poblacion 1,Carcar City, Cebu Philippines


Notable personalities

* Teofilo Camomot – founded the Congregation of Blessed Virgin Missionaries * Sheryn Regis – singer


Gallery

Carcar City Plaza.jpg, Rizal Monument at Old Town Plaza Carcar City Museum.jpg, Carcar City Museum (formerly, Carcar Dispensary) Carcar Church 3.JPG, St. Catherine of Alexandria Church Interior Carcar Church 8.JPG, Carcar Former Municipal Complex


References


Sources

*


External links

* * * Philippine Standard Geographic Code {{Authority control 1599 establishments in the Philippines Cities in Cebu Cities in Metro Cebu Component cities in the Philippines Populated places established in 1599