The Carbonária was originally an anti-clerical, revolutionary, conspiratorial society, originally established in
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
in 1822 and soon disbanded. It was allied with the Italian
Carbonari
The Carbonari () was an informal network of Secret society, secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831. The Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in France, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Urugua ...
. A new organization of the same name and claiming to be its continuation was founded in 1896 by Artur Augusto Duarte da Luz de Almeida. This organization agitated against the monarchy and was involved in various anti-monarchist conspiracies. Its operational units, structured into a hierarchy of ''barracas'', ''choças'' and ''vendas'', received military training.
On 1 February, 1908
King Carlos I of Portugal and his eldest son and heir
Luis Filipe were assassinated by
Alfredo Luís da Costa and
Manuel Buíça in a conspiracy involving the Carbonária.
[Chapter 22 Portugal under the Nineteenth-Century Constitutional Monarchy](_blank)
Stanley G. Payne, A History of Spain and Portugal, Vol. 2
By 1910, the Carbonária had some 40,000 members and was instrumental in the Republican
5 October 1910 revolution
5 October 1910 Revolution () was the overthrow of the centuries-old List of Portuguese monarchs, Portuguese monarchy and its replacement by the First Portuguese Republic. It was the result of a ''coup d'état'' organized by the Portuguese Repub ...
.
See also
*
Lisbon Regicide
The Lisbon Regicide or Regicide of 1908 () was the assassination of Carlos I of Portugal, King Carlos I of Portugal and the Algarves and his heir-apparent, Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, by assassins sympathetic to Republicanism, Republic ...
*
Secret society
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, or membership are concealed. The society may or may not attempt to conceal its existence. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence ag ...
References
Anti-Catholicism in Portugal
Carbonari
Anti-clericalism
1822 establishments in Portugal
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