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Caraș-Severin () is a county ( județ) of
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
on the border with
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
. The majority of its territory lies within the
historical region History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the Human history, human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some t ...
of
Banat Banat ( , ; ; ; ) is a geographical and Historical regions of Central Europe, historical region located in the Pannonian Basin that straddles Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lie ...
, with a few northeastern villages considered part of
Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...
. The county seat is
Reșița Reșița (; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a city in western Romania and the capital of Caraș-Severin County. It is located in the Banat region. The city had a population of 58,393 in 2021. It administers six villages: Câlnic (''Kölnök''), Cuptoare (''Kupt ...
. The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.


Name

In
Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian ( / ), also known as Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS), is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It is a pluricentric language with four mutually i ...
, it is known as ''Karaš Severin''/Караш Северин or ''Karaš-Severinska županija'', in Hungarian as ''Krassó-Szörény megye'', in German as ''Kreis Karasch-Severin'', and in Bulgarian as Караш-Северин (translit. ''Karash-Severin'').


Geography

With 8,514 km2, it is the third largest county in Romania, after Timiș and Suceava counties. It is also the county through which the river
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
enters Romania. The mountains make up 67% of the county's surface, including the Southern Carpathians range, with Banat Mountains, Țarcu-Godeanu Mountains and Cernei Mountains and elevations between 600 and 2100 meters. Transition hills between mountains and the Banat Plain lie in the western side of the county. The
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
enters Romania in the vicinity of Baziaș, bordering
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
. Timiș, Cerna, Caraș and Nera cross the county, some of them through spectacular valleys and gorges.


Neighbours

*
Hunedoara County Hunedoara County () is a county (''județ'') of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva, Romania, Deva. The county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion. Name In Hungarian language, Hungarian, it is known as , ...
and Gorj County to the east. *
Timiș County Timiș () is a county (''județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical regions of Romania, historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Ro ...
to the north. *
Mehedinți County Mehedinți County () is a county () of Romania on the border with Serbia and Bulgaria. It is mostly located in the historical province of Oltenia, with one municipality (Orșova) and three communes (Dubova, Mehedinți, Dubova, Eșelnița, and Svi ...
to the southeast. *
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
to the southwest: **
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
Autonomous Province to the west – South Banat okrug. ** Bor District and Braničevo District to the south.


History and economy

In 1718 the county was part of the
Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...
, part of the province of
Banat Banat ( , ; ; ; ) is a geographical and Historical regions of Central Europe, historical region located in the Pannonian Basin that straddles Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lie ...
. In 1771 the county seat, Reschitz (
Reșița Reșița (; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a city in western Romania and the capital of Caraș-Severin County. It is located in the Banat region. The city had a population of 58,393 in 2021. It administers six villages: Câlnic (''Kölnök''), Cuptoare (''Kupt ...
) became a modern industrial center under Austrian rule. The area received considerable attention due to its
mining Mining is the Resource extraction, extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agriculture, agricultural processes, or feasib ...
industry. In 1855, the entire Banat area, with its supplies of mineral deposits and timber, was transferred from the Austrian Treasury to a joint Austrian-French mining and railroad company named StEG. StEG built the Oravița- Baziaș line, Romania's oldest railroad track. After World War I, StEG, Banat and most Austro-Hungarian property were taken over by a company named UDR. During the last years of World War II, when Romania was an ally of
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...
, a partisan group, led by Ștefan Plavăț, was active in the mountainous area of the county. The arrival of the communist regime in Romania after World War II and that regime's campaign of
nationalization Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization contrasts with p ...
of the mining industry brought tremendous social upheaval in the area.


Tourism

Archaeological findings show the area has been populated since
Paleolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic ( years ago) ( ), also called the Old Stone Age (), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehist ...
times. There is a County Museum of History in Reșița, displaying archeological artifacts, and, in the town of Ocna de Fier, the Constantin Gruiescu Mineralogical Collection. The county hosts the regional daffodil and lilac festivals in the Spring. Sites worth visiting: * Cheile Nerei – Beușinta National Park; * Semenic – Cheile Carașului National Park; * Domogled – Valea Cernei National Park; * Danube Iron Gate National Park; * Semenic resort; * Băile Herculane resort; * The Via Transilvanica long-distance hiking and biking trail, which crosses the county.


Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 246,588 and the
population density Population density (in agriculture: Standing stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geog ...
was .


Politics

*President of the County Council – Romeo-Dan Dunca (National Liberal Party) *Vice-presidents of the County Council – Dan Stan and Ovidiu Rădoi (both National Liberal Party) The Caraș-Severin County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 30 counsellors, with the following party composition:


Administrative divisions

Caraș-Severin County has 2 municipalities, 6 towns, and 69 communes *Municipalities ** Caransebeș **
Reșița Reșița (; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a city in western Romania and the capital of Caraș-Severin County. It is located in the Banat region. The city had a population of 58,393 in 2021. It administers six villages: Câlnic (''Kölnök''), Cuptoare (''Kupt ...
– capital city; population: 58,393 (as of 2021) *Towns ** Anina ** Băile Herculane ** Bocșa ** Moldova Nouă ** Oravița ** Oțelu Roșu *Communes ** Armeniș ** Bănia ** Băuțar ** Berliște ** Berzasca **
Berzovia Berzovia () is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, Banat, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to ...
** Bolvașnița ** Bozovici ** Brebu ** Brebu Nou ** Buchin ** Bucoșnița ** Carașova ** Cărbunari ** Ciclova Română ** Ciuchici ** Ciudanovița ** Constantin Daicoviciu ** Copăcele **
Cornea The cornea is the transparency (optics), transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the Iris (anatomy), iris, pupil, and Anterior chamber of eyeball, anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and Lens (anatomy), lens, the cornea ...
** Cornereva ** Coronini ** Dalboșeț ** Doclin ** Dognecea ** Domașnea ** Eftimie Murgu ** Ezeriș ** Fârliug ** Forotic ** Gârnic ** Glimboca ** Goruia ** Grădinari ** Iablanița ** Lăpușnicel ** Lăpușnicu Mare ** Luncavița ** Lupac ** Marga ** Măureni ** Mehadia ** Mehadica ** Naidăș ** Obreja ** Ocna de Fier ** Păltiniș ** Pojejena ** Prigor ** Răcășdia ** Ramna ** Rusca Montană ** Sacu ** Sasca Montană ** Sichevița ** Slatina-Timiș ** Socol ** Șopotu Nou ** Târnova ** Teregova ** Ticvaniu Mare ** Topleț ** Turnu Ruieni ** Văliug ** Vărădia ** Vermeș ** Vrani ** Zăvoi ** Zorlențu Mare


Historic county

The territory of the county was transferred to the
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
from the
Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...
in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon. The county was located in the southwestern part of Greater Romania, in the south and east region of the
Banat Banat ( , ; ; ; ) is a geographical and Historical regions of Central Europe, historical region located in the Pannonian Basin that straddles Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lie ...
. The county seat was
Lugoj Lugoj (; ; ; ; ; ) is a list of cities and towns in Romania, city in Timiș County, Romania. The Timiș, Timiș River divides the city into two halves: the "Romanian Lugoj" that spreads on the right bank, and the "German Lugoj" on the left bank. Th ...
. Its territory consisted entirely of the current territory of the county, but also parts of the current counties of Timiș, Arad, and Mehedinți. It bordered on the west with Timiș-Torontal County and the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe, Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" () h ...
, to the south with Yugoslavia, to the east with the counties Mehedinți and
Hunedoara Hunedoara (; ; ) is a municipiu, city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in southwestern Transylvania near the Poiana Ruscă Mountains, and administers five villages: Boș (''Bós''), Groș (''Grós''), Hășdat (''Hosdát ...
, and to the north by
Arad County Arad County () is an administrative division ( județ) of Romania roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with Hungary, mostly in the region of Crișana and few villages in Banat. The administrative cente ...
. The county had a total area over , making it the largest county geographically of interwar Romania. Its territory corresponded to the former Hungarian division of Krassó-Szörény County. The county existed for seven years, being divided in 1926 into Caraș County and Severin County.


Administration

The county was divided administratively into fourteen districts ('' plăși''). There were five urban municipalities (cities):
Lugoj Lugoj (; ; ; ; ; ) is a list of cities and towns in Romania, city in Timiș County, Romania. The Timiș, Timiș River divides the city into two halves: the "Romanian Lugoj" that spreads on the right bank, and the "German Lugoj" on the left bank. Th ...
(capital), Caransebeș,
Reșița Reșița (; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a city in western Romania and the capital of Caraș-Severin County. It is located in the Banat region. The city had a population of 58,393 in 2021. It administers six villages: Câlnic (''Kölnök''), Cuptoare (''Kupt ...
, Oravița and Orșova.Portretul României Interbelice – Județul Caraș
/ref>Portretul României Interbelice – Județul Severin
/ref>


Population

According to the census data of 1920, the total population of the county was 424,254 inhabitants. The population density was 38 inhabitants/km2.


References


External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Caras-Severin County Counties of Romania 1919 establishments in Romania 1926 disestablishments in Romania 1940 establishments in Romania 1950 disestablishments in Romania 1968 establishments in Romania States and territories established in 1919 States and territories disestablished in 1926 States and territories established in 1940 States and territories disestablished in 1950 States and territories established in 1968