The Campos do Jordão State Park () is a
state park
State parks are parks or other protected areas managed at the sub-national level within those nations which use "Federated state, state" as a political subdivision. State parks are typically established by a state to preserve a location on accou ...
in the state of
São Paulo
São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...
, Brazil.
Location
The Campos do Jordão State Park, known locally as the ''Horto Florestal'', covers an area of .
It occupies one third of the municipality of
Campos do Jordão
Campos do Jordão () is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in southeastern Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. The population is 52,405 (2020 est.) in an area of . The city is situated above ...
, São Paulo, on the border with
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 Brazilian census, 2022 census. Located in ...
.
The park contains an important remnant of
Atlantic Forest, including
Araucária
Araucária is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Paraná. The population in 2020 was 146,214 inhabitants.
History
The first movement of the white man in today Araucaria Brazil, dating back to the year 1668,period in which Domingos Rodr ...
and
Podocarpus
''Podocarpus'' () is a genus of conifers, the most numerous and widely distributed of the podocarp family, the Podocarpaceae. ''Podocarpus'' species are evergreen shrubs or trees, usually from tall, known to reach at times. The cones have ...
forest, alpine meadows and cloud forest.
It contains the largest contiguous tract of pines in southeast Brazil in its deep valleys and hills with altitudes that vary from .
There is diverse fauna with more than 186 known species of birds and endangered animals such as
cougar
The cougar (''Puma concolor'') (, ''Help:Pronunciation respelling key, KOO-gər''), also called puma, mountain lion, catamount and panther is a large small cat native to the Americas. It inhabits North America, North, Central America, Cent ...
(''Puma concolor''),
ocelot
The ocelot (''Leopardus pardalis'') is a medium-sized spotted Felidae, wild cat that reaches at the shoulders and weighs between on average. It is native to the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, Central and South America, ...
(''Leopardus pardalis'') and the
vinaceous-breasted amazon
The vinaceous-breasted amazon (''Amazona vinacea''), also called the vinaceous-breasted parrot and occasionally simply vinaceous amazon/parrot is an endangered species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New Wo ...
(''Amazona vinacea'').
The park has a visitor center, barbecues, fitness area, nurseries, showers, chapel, restaurant, craft shop and trails for walking and cycling.
A wooden tower gives a panoramic view.
The Sapucaí River and Four Bridges trails follow the
Sapucaí River.
Other more or less challenging trails lead to the Gargalhada and Celestina waterfalls.
History
The Campos do Jordão State Park was created on 27 March 1941.
When the state park was created a policy of encouraging reforestation with exotic species was followed, with conifers introduced in large areas.
were degraded by planting
pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae.
''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as cu ...
s, mostly ''
pinus elliottii
''Pinus elliottii'', commonly known as slash pine,Family, P. P. (1990). Pinus elliottii Engelm. slash pine. ''Silvics of North America: Conifers'', (654), 338. is a conifer tree native to the Southeastern United States. Slash pine is named after ...
'' and ''
pinus taeda
''Pinus taeda'', commonly known as loblolly pine, is one of several pines native to the Southeastern United States, from East Texas to Florida, and north to southern New Jersey. The wood industry classifies the species as a southern yellow pine. ...
''.
These should be removed through sustainable forest management to allow the natural local vegetation to regenerate.
Management of the park is integrated with the
Mananciais de Campos do Jordão State Park
The Mananciais de Campos do Jordão State Park () is a state park in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Location
The Mananciais de Campos do Jordão State Park is in the municipality of Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, near to the municipal seat.
It ...
, created in 1993 to protect the water supply of the municipal seat.
The park is part of the
Mantiqueira Environmental Protection Area Mantiqueira may refer to:
* Mantiqueira Mountains (Serra de Mantiqueira), a mountain range in southeastern Brazil;
* ''Mantiqueira'' (plant), a genus of plants in the pea family (Fabaceae
Fabaceae () or Leguminosae, .
It is also part of the
Mantiqueira Mosaic
The Mantiqueira Mosaic () is a protected area mosaic that contains conservation units in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. The conservation units are of different types and are managed at the federal, state or muni ...
, created in 2006.
Notes
Sources
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Campos do Jordao State Park
State parks of Brazil
1941 establishments in Brazil
Protected areas of São Paulo (state)